拥挤状态下地铁乘客应激反应的尖点突变分析
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摘要
为预防拥挤状态下地铁乘客消极应激反应的发生、提高地铁乘客的积极应激反应能力,用试验法和突变理论,分析地铁乘客应激反应的过程和特点。首先根据地铁设计规范,设计地铁车厢环境;然后测量不同立席密度下,乘客的生理指标;其次将血压(BP)均值和心率(HR)作为尖点突变的控制变量,应激状态作为状态变量,建立地铁乘客应激反应的尖点突变模型;最后对试验数据进行定性拟合和定量拟合分析。结果表明:随着车厢内人群密度的增加,乘客的情绪开始扰动,到达尖点位置时突变,情绪激动;而后乘客慢慢适应人群密度的增加,情绪重新达到稳定;地铁乘客应激反应符合尖点突变模型。
For the sake of preventing the negative stress reaction of subway passengers and improving the active stress response ability,the process and characteristics of subway passengers ' stress reaction were studied experimentally and theoretically. A subway car environment was created. Data on heart rate and blood pressure of the passengers were obtained for the density of 1 persons to the density of 10 persons. The mean blood pressure and heart rate were taken as the control variable of point mutation. The stress state was taken as the state variable. A cusp catastrophe model was built for the subway passenger ' s stress reaction. Finally,a qualitative fitting analysis and a quantitative fitting analysis were carried out. The results show that the passengers' emotion begins to perturb with the increase of population density,and then changes to the point position,and becomes emotionally excited,and then they will slowly adapt to the increase of population density and return to emotional stability,and that the stress reaction of subway passengers accords with cusp catastrophe model.
For the sake of preventing the negative stress reaction of subway passengers and improving the active stress response ability,the process and characteristics of subway passengers ' stress reaction were studied experimentally and theoretically. A subway car environment was created. Data on heart rate and blood pressure of the passengers were obtained for the density of 1 persons to the density of 10 persons. The mean blood pressure and heart rate were taken as the control variable of point mutation. The stress state was taken as the state variable. A cusp catastrophe model was built for the subway passenger ' s stress reaction. Finally,a qualitative fitting analysis and a quantitative fitting analysis were carried out. The results show that the passengers' emotion begins to perturb with the increase of population density,and then changes to the point position,and becomes emotionally excited,and then they will slowly adapt to the increase of population density and return to emotional stability,and that the stress reaction of subway passengers accords with cusp catastrophe model.
引文
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[2]吴奇兵.城市轨道交通车厢合理立席密度的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2015.WU Qibing.Study on appropriate density of standing passengers in subway cars[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2015.
[3]桑青松,葛明贵,姚琼.大学生自我和谐与生活应激、生活满意度的相关[J].心理科学,2007,30(3):552-554.SANG Qingsong,GE Minggui,YAO Qiong.The relationship of college students'self-consistency congruence with life stress and life satisfaction[J].Psychological Science,2007,30(3):552-554.
[4]RENDON E,VAN P M,HAPPEE R,et al.The effects of time pressure on driver performance and physiological activity:a driving simulator study[J].Transportation Research Part F,2016,41:150-169.
[5]刘宇,何国平.北京市社区护士工作应激源与应对方式的相关性研究[J].中华护理杂志,2005,40(7):530-532.LIU Yu,HE Guoping.Study on the correlation between job stressors and coping styles of community nurses in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Nursing,2005,40(7):530-532.
[6]刘毅,沈斐敏,王旭峰.地铁站厅内人员疏散路径选择影响因素研究[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2018,46(3):410-415.LIU Yi,SHEN Feimin,WANG Xufeng.Influence factors on the route choice for evacuation in metro station hall[J].Journal of Fuzhou University:Natural Science Edition,2018,46(3):410-415.
[7]TAN Lu,HU Mingyuan,LIN Hui.Agent-based simulation of building evacuation:combining human behavior with predictable spatial accessibility in a fire emergency[J].Information Sciences,2015,296:53-66.
[8]严小丽,何超.建设项目安全事故阶段性演化机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(6):111-117.YAN Xiaoli,HE Chao.Research on four stage evolution mechanism of construction project accident[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(6):111-117.
[9]许奇.城市轨道交通站台乘客拥挤感知及行为动力学建模[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.XU Qi.Crowding perception modelling and behavior dynamics for passengers on urban rail transit platform[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.
[10]张程.地铁人员行为特征与人员疏散仿真[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.ZHANG Cheng.Personal behavior characteristics and personnel evacuation simulation in subway[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013.
[11]MULDER L,KRUIZINGA A,STUIVER A,et al.Monitoring cardiovascular state changes in a simulated ambulance dispatch task for use in adaptive automation[C].Proceedings of Conference on Human Factors in Design,2004:161-175.
[12]SALAHUDDIN L,CHO J,JEONG M G,et al.Ultra short term analysis of heart rate variability for monitoring mental stress in mobile settings[C].Proceedings of International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine&Biology Society,2007:4 656-4 659.
[13]李延军,严洪,杨向林,等.基于心率变异性的精神疲劳的研究[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2010,29(1):1-6.LI Yanjun,YAN Hong,YANG Xianglin,et al.Study of mental fatigue based on heart rate variability[J].Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2010,29(1):1-6.
[14]VELEZ E R,LEEUWEN P M,HAPPEE R,et al.The effects of time pressure on driver performance and physiological activity:A driving simulator study[J].Transportation Research Part F Psychology&Behaviour,2016,41:150-169.
[15]ZUBA D,ADAMOWICZ P,BYRSKA B.Detection of buphedrone in biological and non-biological material-two case reports[J].Forensic Science International,2013,227:15-20.
[16]RODRIGUES E M G,GODINA R,CABRITA C M P,et al.Experimental low cost reflective type oximeter for wearable health systems[J].Biomedical Signal Processing and Control,2017,31:419-433.
[17]CAI Feng,YI Changrui,LIU Shichang,et al.Ultrasensitive,passive and wearable sensors for monitoring human muscle motion and physiological signals[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2016,77:907-913.
[18]JB104-2008,城市轨道交通工程项目建设标准[S].JB104-2008,Construction standard of urban rail transit project[S].
[19]GB/T7928-2003,地铁车辆通用技术条件[S].GB/T7928-2003,General technical specification for metro vehicles[S].
[20]GB50157-2013,地铁设计规范[S].GB50157-2013,Code for metro design[S].
[21]樊小莉.健康成年人静息状态下窦性心率参考范围的探讨[J].基层医学论坛,2011,15(17):500-501.
[22]吴杰,JAM A,PETER R,等.中国健康人群正常心率范围的调查[J].中华心血管病杂志,2001,29(6):369-371.WU Jie,JAM A,PETER R,et al.Investigation of normal heart rate in healthy Chinese population[J].Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,2001,29(6):369-371.
[23]MASTRIGT S H,KAMP I,VEEN S A T,et al.The influence of active seating on car passengers'perceived comfort and activity levels[J].Applied Ergonomics,2015,47:211-219.
[24]张麟,王爱环.100例正常血压者24小时动态血压监测[J].中华心血管病杂志,1994,22(3):178-180.
[25]张淑敏.积极组织行为学视角下的双重应激管理模式[J].心理科学进展,2012,20(12):2 061-2 068.ZHANG Shumin.The two-dimensional stress management model in positive organizational behavior[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2012,20(12):2 061-2 068.
[26]杨宏宇,林文娟.负性情绪刺激引发神经内分泌反应与注意成绩的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2015,19(11):762-765.YANG Hongyu,LIN Wenjuan.Neuroendocrine responses and attention performance induced by negative emotion[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal,2015,19(11):762-765.