基质浓度对ABR反应器SAD协同脱氮除碳效能影响
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摘要
为改善厌氧氨氧化对总氮(TN)去除不完全和有机物对厌氧氨氧化胁迫的问题,采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR),接种成熟的厌氧氨氧化污泥与城市污水处理厂厌氧污泥,通过不同基质浓度控制,构建厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化系统(SAD),并考察不同进水基质(COD、NO-2-N、NH+4-N)浓度对耦合系统脱氮除碳效能的影响及污染物去除规律.结果表明,在ABR反应器中可实现厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的耦合反应,并缓解了有机物对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制效应.当进水COD、NO-2-N和NH+4-N浓度为260、185和100 mg·L-1,比例为2.6∶1.85∶1时,三者出水浓度分别低于10、1.0和0.9 mg·L-1,TN去除率达到99%,实现系统的稳定运行和C、N污染物的超低排放.不同基质浓度和比例条件下,目标污染物去除基本在第1隔室完成,去除率均在75%以上,且厌氧氨氧化反应在SAD耦合系统脱氮中占主导地位.
In order to solve the problem of declining total nitrogen( TN) removal caused by anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) and the suppression of organic matter for ANAMMOX,the anaerobic baffled reactor( ABR),inoculating ANAMMOX sludge and anaerobic sludge from a municipal WWTP,was selected to construct system of ANAMMOX coupled denitrification( SAD)by the control of different substrate concentration. The SAD was constructed to study the effects of different influent substrates( COD,NO-2-N,NH+4-N) on the performance of nitrogen and carbon removal in the coupled system and pollutant removal rules. The results showed that the coupling reaction was achieved in the ABR reactor and the inhibitory effect of organic compounds on anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria( AAOB) was relieved. When influent concentrations of COD,NO-2-N,and NH+4-N were 260,185,and100 mg·L-1,respectively,which equates to a ratio of 2. 6∶ 1. 85∶ 1,the concentrations of these substances in the effluent decreased to10,1. 0,and 0. 9 mg·L-1,respectively. The TN removal rate reached 99%,hence stable system operation and ultra-low emissions of carbon and nitrogen pollutants were achieved. Under different conditions of substrate concentrations and ratios,the targeted pollutants were generally eliminated in the first compartment,in which the removal rate reached higher than 75%,and ANAMMOX held the dominant position in the SAD coupled system.
In order to solve the problem of declining total nitrogen( TN) removal caused by anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) and the suppression of organic matter for ANAMMOX,the anaerobic baffled reactor( ABR),inoculating ANAMMOX sludge and anaerobic sludge from a municipal WWTP,was selected to construct system of ANAMMOX coupled denitrification( SAD)by the control of different substrate concentration. The SAD was constructed to study the effects of different influent substrates( COD,NO-2-N,NH+4-N) on the performance of nitrogen and carbon removal in the coupled system and pollutant removal rules. The results showed that the coupling reaction was achieved in the ABR reactor and the inhibitory effect of organic compounds on anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria( AAOB) was relieved. When influent concentrations of COD,NO-2-N,and NH+4-N were 260,185,and100 mg·L-1,respectively,which equates to a ratio of 2. 6∶ 1. 85∶ 1,the concentrations of these substances in the effluent decreased to10,1. 0,and 0. 9 mg·L-1,respectively. The TN removal rate reached 99%,hence stable system operation and ultra-low emissions of carbon and nitrogen pollutants were achieved. Under different conditions of substrate concentrations and ratios,the targeted pollutants were generally eliminated in the first compartment,in which the removal rate reached higher than 75%,and ANAMMOX held the dominant position in the SAD coupled system.
引文
[1]闾刚,徐乐中,沈耀良,等.快速启动厌氧氨氧化工艺[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):1116-1121.LüG,Xu L Z,Shen Y L,et al.Quick start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):1116-1121.
[2]李媛.厌氧氨氧化工艺启动和运行特性及其受抑机理研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2014.Li Y.Start-up and performance characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process and its repressed mechanisms[D].Wuxi:Jiangnan University,2014.
[3]陈重军,冯宇,汪瑶琪,等.厌氧氨氧化反应影响因素研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):346-352.Chen C J,Feng Y,Wang Y Q,et al.Research progress in influence factor of anammox reaction[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(2):346-352.
[4]唐崇俭,郑平,张吉强,等.中试厌氧氨氧化反应器的运行性能及其过程动力学特性[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1834-1838.Tang C J,Zheng P,Zhang J Q,et al.Performance and process kinetics of pilot-scale anammox bioreactor under different water temperatures[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(8):1834-1838.
[5]Cao Y S,Leng L C,Li L,et al.Mass flow and energy efficiency in a large water reclamation plant in singapore[J].Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination,2013,3(4):402-409.
[6]黄孝肖,陈重军,张蕊,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合反应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):849-856.Huang X X,Chen C J,Zhang R,et al.Research progress in anammox-denitrification coupling process[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(3):849-856.
[7]刘常敬,李泽兵,郑照明,等.苯酚对厌氧氨氧化工艺耦合反硝化的启动及脱氮性能的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1145-1151.Liu C J,Li Z B,Zheng Z M,et al.Effect of phenol on startup and nitrogen removal performance of ANAMMOX coupling denitrifying[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1145-1151.
[8]李伙生,周少奇,孙艳波,等.ANAMMOX与反硝化协同脱氮反应器的启动特性研究[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(21):29-32.Li H S,Zhou S Q,Sun Y B,et al.Start-up characteristics of ANAMMOX/denitrification reactor[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(21):29-32.
[9]于德爽,魏思佳,李津,等.温度对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1384-1391.Yu D S,Wei S J,Li J,et al.Effect of temperature on simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1384-1391.
[10]李冬,杨巧云,曾辉平,等.SAD工艺在厌氧氨氧化不同运行阶段的启动[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1775-1782.Li D,Yang Q Y,Zeng H P,et al.The startup of simultaneous anammox and denitrification process atdifferent operational phases of anammox[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(5):1775-1782.
[11]Jin R C,Yu J J,Ma C,et al.Performance and robustness of an ANAMMOX anaerobic baffled reactor subjected to transient shock loads[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114:126-136.
[12]李泽兵,刘常敬,赵白航,等.多基质时厌氧氨氧化菌、异养反硝化污泥活性及抑制特征[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):648-654.Li Z B,Liu C J,Zhao B H,et al.Activity and inhibition characteristics of anammox and heterotrophic denitrifier bacteria in a multi-substrate system[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(4):648-654.
[13]周少奇.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用化学计量学分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):1-4.
[14]Kumar M,Lin J G.Co-existence of anammox and denitrification for simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal—strategies and issues[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1-3):1-9.
[15]杨洋,左剑恶,沈平,等.温度、p H值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):691-695.Yang Y,Zuo J E,Shen P,et al.Influence of temperature,p H value and organic substance on activity of ANAMMOX sludge[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(4):691-695.
[16]Strous M,Kuenen J G,Jetten M S M.Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(7):3248-3250.
[17]于德爽,李伟刚,李津.ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮Ⅰ:工艺特性与控制策略[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2176-2183.Yu D S,Li W G,Li J.Nitrogen removal in the anammox sequencing batch reactorⅠ:performance and control strategies[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(12):2176-2183.
[18]Egli K,Fanger U,Alvarez P J J,et al.Enrichment and characterization of an anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate[J].Archives of Microbiology,2001,175(3):198-207.
[19]Tsushima I,Kindaichi T,Okabe S.Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time PCR[J].Water Research,2007,41(4):785-794.
[20]朱明石,周少奇.厌氧氨氧化-反硝化协同脱氮研究[J].化工环保,2008,28(3):214-217.Zhu M S,Zhou S Q.Study on anaerobic ammonium oxidationdenitrification synergistic interaction[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2008,28(3):214-217.
[21]孙艳波,周少奇,李伙生,等.ANAMMOX与反硝化协同脱氮反应器启动及有机负荷对其运行性能的影响[J].化工学报,2009,60(10):2596-2602.Sun Y B,Zhou S Q,Li H S,et al.Start-up of ANAMMOXdenitrification reactor and effect of organic loading on its performance of synergistic interaction[J].CIESC Journal,2009,60(10):2596-2602.
[22]Chamchoi N,Nitisoravut S,Schmidt J E.Inactivation of ANAMMOX communities under concurrent operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)and denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3331-3336.
[23]张诗颖,吴鹏,宋吟玲,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同脱氮处理城市污水[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4174-4179.Zhang S Y,Wu P,Song Y L,et al.Nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX and denitrification for treatment of municipal sewage[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4174-4179.
[24]吕亮,尤雯,韦佳敏,等.容积负荷对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):239-246.LüL,You W,Wei J M,et al.Effect of volume loading rate(VLR)on denitrifying phosphorus removal by the ABR-MBR process[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):239-246.
[25]杜接弟,王毅力,李炯,等.HRT对ABR处理低浓度废水的效果和颗粒污泥特征的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(7):2022-2029.Du J D,Wang Y L,Li J,et al.Impact of hydraulic retention time(HRT)in ABR on its operation performance and granular sludge characteristics when treating low-strength wastewate[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(7):2022-2029.
[26]陈重军,张海芹,汪瑶琪,等.基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2652-2658.Chen C J,Zhang H Q,Wang Y Q,et al.Characteristics of microbial community in each compartment of ABR ANAMMOX reactor based on high-throughput sequencing[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2652-2658.
[27]Chen C J,Huang X X,Lei C X,et al.Effect of organic matter strength on anammox for modified greenhouse turtle breeding wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:172-179.
[28]魏思佳,于德爽,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH+4-N对耦合反应的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):759-767.Wei S J,Yu D S,Li J,et al.Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrificationⅠ:effect of COD/NH+4-N on coupled reaction[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):759-767.
[2]李媛.厌氧氨氧化工艺启动和运行特性及其受抑机理研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2014.Li Y.Start-up and performance characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process and its repressed mechanisms[D].Wuxi:Jiangnan University,2014.
[3]陈重军,冯宇,汪瑶琪,等.厌氧氨氧化反应影响因素研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):346-352.Chen C J,Feng Y,Wang Y Q,et al.Research progress in influence factor of anammox reaction[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(2):346-352.
[4]唐崇俭,郑平,张吉强,等.中试厌氧氨氧化反应器的运行性能及其过程动力学特性[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1834-1838.Tang C J,Zheng P,Zhang J Q,et al.Performance and process kinetics of pilot-scale anammox bioreactor under different water temperatures[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(8):1834-1838.
[5]Cao Y S,Leng L C,Li L,et al.Mass flow and energy efficiency in a large water reclamation plant in singapore[J].Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination,2013,3(4):402-409.
[6]黄孝肖,陈重军,张蕊,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合反应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):849-856.Huang X X,Chen C J,Zhang R,et al.Research progress in anammox-denitrification coupling process[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(3):849-856.
[7]刘常敬,李泽兵,郑照明,等.苯酚对厌氧氨氧化工艺耦合反硝化的启动及脱氮性能的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1145-1151.Liu C J,Li Z B,Zheng Z M,et al.Effect of phenol on startup and nitrogen removal performance of ANAMMOX coupling denitrifying[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1145-1151.
[8]李伙生,周少奇,孙艳波,等.ANAMMOX与反硝化协同脱氮反应器的启动特性研究[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(21):29-32.Li H S,Zhou S Q,Sun Y B,et al.Start-up characteristics of ANAMMOX/denitrification reactor[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(21):29-32.
[9]于德爽,魏思佳,李津,等.温度对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1384-1391.Yu D S,Wei S J,Li J,et al.Effect of temperature on simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1384-1391.
[10]李冬,杨巧云,曾辉平,等.SAD工艺在厌氧氨氧化不同运行阶段的启动[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1775-1782.Li D,Yang Q Y,Zeng H P,et al.The startup of simultaneous anammox and denitrification process atdifferent operational phases of anammox[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(5):1775-1782.
[11]Jin R C,Yu J J,Ma C,et al.Performance and robustness of an ANAMMOX anaerobic baffled reactor subjected to transient shock loads[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114:126-136.
[12]李泽兵,刘常敬,赵白航,等.多基质时厌氧氨氧化菌、异养反硝化污泥活性及抑制特征[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):648-654.Li Z B,Liu C J,Zhao B H,et al.Activity and inhibition characteristics of anammox and heterotrophic denitrifier bacteria in a multi-substrate system[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(4):648-654.
[13]周少奇.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用化学计量学分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):1-4.
[14]Kumar M,Lin J G.Co-existence of anammox and denitrification for simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal—strategies and issues[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1-3):1-9.
[15]杨洋,左剑恶,沈平,等.温度、p H值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):691-695.Yang Y,Zuo J E,Shen P,et al.Influence of temperature,p H value and organic substance on activity of ANAMMOX sludge[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(4):691-695.
[16]Strous M,Kuenen J G,Jetten M S M.Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(7):3248-3250.
[17]于德爽,李伟刚,李津.ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮Ⅰ:工艺特性与控制策略[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2176-2183.Yu D S,Li W G,Li J.Nitrogen removal in the anammox sequencing batch reactorⅠ:performance and control strategies[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(12):2176-2183.
[18]Egli K,Fanger U,Alvarez P J J,et al.Enrichment and characterization of an anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate[J].Archives of Microbiology,2001,175(3):198-207.
[19]Tsushima I,Kindaichi T,Okabe S.Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time PCR[J].Water Research,2007,41(4):785-794.
[20]朱明石,周少奇.厌氧氨氧化-反硝化协同脱氮研究[J].化工环保,2008,28(3):214-217.Zhu M S,Zhou S Q.Study on anaerobic ammonium oxidationdenitrification synergistic interaction[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2008,28(3):214-217.
[21]孙艳波,周少奇,李伙生,等.ANAMMOX与反硝化协同脱氮反应器启动及有机负荷对其运行性能的影响[J].化工学报,2009,60(10):2596-2602.Sun Y B,Zhou S Q,Li H S,et al.Start-up of ANAMMOXdenitrification reactor and effect of organic loading on its performance of synergistic interaction[J].CIESC Journal,2009,60(10):2596-2602.
[22]Chamchoi N,Nitisoravut S,Schmidt J E.Inactivation of ANAMMOX communities under concurrent operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)and denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3331-3336.
[23]张诗颖,吴鹏,宋吟玲,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同脱氮处理城市污水[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4174-4179.Zhang S Y,Wu P,Song Y L,et al.Nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX and denitrification for treatment of municipal sewage[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4174-4179.
[24]吕亮,尤雯,韦佳敏,等.容积负荷对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):239-246.LüL,You W,Wei J M,et al.Effect of volume loading rate(VLR)on denitrifying phosphorus removal by the ABR-MBR process[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):239-246.
[25]杜接弟,王毅力,李炯,等.HRT对ABR处理低浓度废水的效果和颗粒污泥特征的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(7):2022-2029.Du J D,Wang Y L,Li J,et al.Impact of hydraulic retention time(HRT)in ABR on its operation performance and granular sludge characteristics when treating low-strength wastewate[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(7):2022-2029.
[26]陈重军,张海芹,汪瑶琪,等.基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2652-2658.Chen C J,Zhang H Q,Wang Y Q,et al.Characteristics of microbial community in each compartment of ABR ANAMMOX reactor based on high-throughput sequencing[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2652-2658.
[27]Chen C J,Huang X X,Lei C X,et al.Effect of organic matter strength on anammox for modified greenhouse turtle breeding wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:172-179.
[28]魏思佳,于德爽,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH+4-N对耦合反应的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):759-767.Wei S J,Yu D S,Li J,et al.Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrificationⅠ:effect of COD/NH+4-N on coupled reaction[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):759-767.