柳枝稷幼穗分化过程及其分期
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摘要
为探索柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)幼穗分化过程与规律,以柳枝稷低地型品种"Alamo"为材料,对其幼穗分化过程进行显微观察并记录对应大田植株形态。结果发现:柳枝稷幼穗分化是一个慢-快-慢的过程,可分为9个连续的时期:苞原基分化期、枝梗原基分化期、小穗分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、药隔形成期、花药四分期、花药伸长期、羽状柱头形成期,每个时期均具有与之对应的植株外观形态以供判别分化进程。柳枝稷幼穗分化起始至分化完全历时约3个月,植株历经拔节、孕穗、抽穗而开花,花序从上到下依次开花,花期可达3～4周。
In order to explore the rules related to the process of spike differentiation in switchgrass,the lowland cultivar‘Alamo'was observed periodically by stereomicroscope during the development stages and their corresponding plant morphology were recorded.The results showed that spike differentiation in switchgrass was a slow-fast-slow process,which could be divided into 9 consecutive stages:sputum differentiation stage,primordium differentiation stage,spikelet differentiation stage,florets primordium differentiation stage,the stamen primordium differentiation stage,the drug septum formation period,the anther quadrant,the anther elongation period,and the pinnate stigma formation period,each period has a corresponding plant appearance morphology for discriminating the differentiation process.The spike differentiation in switchgrass took about 3 months when the plant developed from jointing stage to blooming stage.The florets of inflorescence bloomed from up to down,and the flowering period can reach 3～4 weeks.
In order to explore the rules related to the process of spike differentiation in switchgrass,the lowland cultivar‘Alamo'was observed periodically by stereomicroscope during the development stages and their corresponding plant morphology were recorded.The results showed that spike differentiation in switchgrass was a slow-fast-slow process,which could be divided into 9 consecutive stages:sputum differentiation stage,primordium differentiation stage,spikelet differentiation stage,florets primordium differentiation stage,the stamen primordium differentiation stage,the drug septum formation period,the anther quadrant,the anther elongation period,and the pinnate stigma formation period,each period has a corresponding plant appearance morphology for discriminating the differentiation process.The spike differentiation in switchgrass took about 3 months when the plant developed from jointing stage to blooming stage.The florets of inflorescence bloomed from up to down,and the flowering period can reach 3～4 weeks.
引文
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[22]谢菲,李造哲,马青枝,等.披碱草幼穗分化的观察[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(3):16-21
[23]程晓丽,刘建秀.狗牙根花序发育过程的形态学观察[J].植物资源与环境学报,2007,16(2):40-43
[24]付娟,李霞,丁君辉,等.水稻幼穗形态发生与维管束生长变化的研究[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(8):25-29
[25]王俊英,赵春江,杨宝祝.小麦小花发育与退化的研究[J].华北农学报,1996,11(2):9-13
[26]Moore KJ,Moser LE,Vogel KP,et al.Describing and Quantifying Growth Stages of Perennial Forage Grasses[J].Agronomy Journal,1991,83(6):1073-1077
[27]宫玉麟.大麦穗分化进程的诊断_叶龄指数法在鉴定中的价值[J].江苏农学院学报,1982,3(4):21-27
[2]胡松梅,龚泽修,蒋道松.生物能源植物柳枝稷简介[J].草业科学,2008,25(6):29-33
[3]李高扬,李建龙,王艳,等.利用高产牧草柳枝稷生产清洁生物质能源的研究进展[J].草业科学,2008,25(5):15-21
[4]王勇锋,李毛,崔桂宾,等.柳枝稷体外诱导花器官逆转与非逆转穗芽生理特性差异研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(4):768-776
[5]Gang Song,Shaoxun Yuan,Xuehui Wen,et al.Transcriptome analysis of Cd-treated switchgrass root revealed novel transcripts and the importance of HSF/HSP network in switchgrass Cd tolerance[J].Plant Cell Reports,2018,37(387):1-13
[6]Ambavaram MMR,Ali A,Ryan KP,et al.Novel transcription factors PvBMY1and PvBMY3increase biomass yield in greenhouse-grown switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)[J].Plant Science,2018,(273):100-109
[7]Guan Cong,Huang Yan-Hua,Cui Xin,et al.Overexpression of gene encoding the key enzyme involved in proline-biosynthesis(PuP5CS)to improve salt tolerance in switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)[J].Plant cell reports,2018,37(8):1187-1199
[8]Dou FG,Hons FM,Ocumpaugh WR,et al.Soil Organic Carbon Pools Under Switchgrass Grown as a Bioenergy Crop Compared to Other Conventional Crops[J].Soil Science Society of China,2013,23(4):409-416
[9]马永清,郝智强,熊韶峻,等.我国柳枝稷规模化种植现状与前景[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):133-137
[10]安勤勤,高志娟,刘金彪,等.黄土丘陵区不同种植行距下柳枝稷根系分布特征研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(6):1251-1257
[11]赵春桥,范希峰,侯新村,等.北京地区14份柳枝稷生物量及分配差异研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(2):280-287
[12]黄瑾,高志娟,丁文利,等.能源牧草柳枝稷栽培管理研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2018,34(5):236-239
[13]毛培胜,韩建国,刘刚.老芒麦幼穗的分化过程[J].中国草地,2004,26(5):15-20
[14]云锦凤,米富贵,杜建才.冰草茎生长锥分化、幼穗形成及小孢子发育[J].中国草地,1989,(5):30-35
[15]杜菲,杨富裕,Casler MD,等.美国能源草柳枝稷的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(35):20334-20339
[16]Casler MD,Vogel KP,Taliaferro CM,et al.Latitudinal adaptation of switchgrass populations[J].Crop Science,2004,44(1):293-303
[17]Chunqiao Zhao,Xifeng Fan,Xicun Hou,et al.Tassel Removal Positively Affects Biomass Production Coupled with Significantly Increasing Stem Digestibility in Switchgrass[J].PloS One,2015,10(4):e0120845
[18]李煌祥,叶绣珍.糖蜜草(Melinis minutiflora Beauv.)幼穗分化发育及花和果实形态的研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1994,2(1):38-43
[19]刘露,胡玉咏,王兆龙.草地早熟禾幼穗分化过程及开花习性的观察[J].草业科学,2009,26(7):50-55
[20]刘露,胡玉咏,王兆龙.高羊茅幼穗分化过程及开花习性的观察[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):197-201
[21]章崇玲,梁祖铎.多花黑麦草幼穗分化进程对种子生产性状的影响[J].种子,1997,(5):21-24
[22]谢菲,李造哲,马青枝,等.披碱草幼穗分化的观察[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(3):16-21
[23]程晓丽,刘建秀.狗牙根花序发育过程的形态学观察[J].植物资源与环境学报,2007,16(2):40-43
[24]付娟,李霞,丁君辉,等.水稻幼穗形态发生与维管束生长变化的研究[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(8):25-29
[25]王俊英,赵春江,杨宝祝.小麦小花发育与退化的研究[J].华北农学报,1996,11(2):9-13
[26]Moore KJ,Moser LE,Vogel KP,et al.Describing and Quantifying Growth Stages of Perennial Forage Grasses[J].Agronomy Journal,1991,83(6):1073-1077
[27]宫玉麟.大麦穗分化进程的诊断_叶龄指数法在鉴定中的价值[J].江苏农学院学报,1982,3(4):21-27