新型植物源复合长效杀虫剂质量评价及其防虫效果
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摘要
黄帚橐吾和铁棒锤是优质的生物农药资源植物,为了开拓其开发应用前景,本研究通过质量稳定性、室内杀虫活性和小区防效试验,研究了黄帚橐吾提取物和铁棒锤生物碱复合长效杀虫剂的特性和防效。室内杀虫活性和稳定性试验结果表明,此新型植物源复合长效杀虫剂贮存稳定性强,极端环境对其外观和防效的影响小;杀虫效果好,浓度大于0.1%时,1龄棉铃虫幼虫的校正虫口减退率均在85%以上;起效快,用药3 d后校正虫口减退率可达到80%以上;持效期长,用药30 d后,校正虫口减退率仍可达60%左右。小区防效试验结果表明,其对蚜虫、棉铃虫低龄幼虫和马铃薯地下害虫的防治效果分别大于78.05%、75.50%、84.27%,均比其单成分制剂的防治效果高15%以上,且差异显著(P<0.05),与相应常用化学农药的防治效果相当。但其持效期长,用药25 d后,对靶标害虫的防治效果仍在80%左右,与对照化学农药和其单成分制剂之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。本研究结果为资源植物黄帚橐吾和铁棒锤开发提供了依据,为黄帚橐吾提取物和铁棒锤生物碱复合长效杀虫剂的产业化开发应用奠定了理论和技术基础。
Ligularia virgaurea(Maxim.) Mattf. and Aconitum pendulum Busch are great plant resources for bio-insecticide products. In order to expand their application prospects, the characteristics and control efficacy of a compound-long-acting insecticide composed of extracts from L.virgaurea and alkaloids from A.pendulum were studied by quality stability, indoor insecticidal activity and plot test. The results of stability and insecticidal activity showed that the new botanical compound-long-acting insecticide had well storage stability, and the extreme environmental condition had little effect on its appearance and efficacy. It had strong insecticidal effect. When the concentration was higher than 0.1%, the corrected insects reduce rate of the 1 st to 2 nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera was above 85%. The insecticide took effect fast after application, 3 days later, the corrected insects reduce rate could reach more than 80%. The insecticide had long-lasting effect, 30 days after treatment, the Corrected insects reduce rate was still about 60%. The results of field experiment showed that the control effects on aphids, young larvae of cotton bollworm and underground pests of potato were more than 78.05%, 75.50% and 84.27% respectively, which were 15% significantly higher than that of single component preparation(P<0.05). The control effect was similar to that of the commonly used chemical insecticides. 25 days after application, the control effect on target pests was still around 80%, and there was a very significant difference between the control chemical insecticide and its single component formulation(P<0.05). The results provide the basis to develop the resource plants: L.virgaurea and A.pendulum, and lay the theory and technology foundation for industrial development of the plant source compound-long-acting insecticide.
Ligularia virgaurea(Maxim.) Mattf. and Aconitum pendulum Busch are great plant resources for bio-insecticide products. In order to expand their application prospects, the characteristics and control efficacy of a compound-long-acting insecticide composed of extracts from L.virgaurea and alkaloids from A.pendulum were studied by quality stability, indoor insecticidal activity and plot test. The results of stability and insecticidal activity showed that the new botanical compound-long-acting insecticide had well storage stability, and the extreme environmental condition had little effect on its appearance and efficacy. It had strong insecticidal effect. When the concentration was higher than 0.1%, the corrected insects reduce rate of the 1 st to 2 nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera was above 85%. The insecticide took effect fast after application, 3 days later, the corrected insects reduce rate could reach more than 80%. The insecticide had long-lasting effect, 30 days after treatment, the Corrected insects reduce rate was still about 60%. The results of field experiment showed that the control effects on aphids, young larvae of cotton bollworm and underground pests of potato were more than 78.05%, 75.50% and 84.27% respectively, which were 15% significantly higher than that of single component preparation(P<0.05). The control effect was similar to that of the commonly used chemical insecticides. 25 days after application, the control effect on target pests was still around 80%, and there was a very significant difference between the control chemical insecticide and its single component formulation(P<0.05). The results provide the basis to develop the resource plants: L.virgaurea and A.pendulum, and lay the theory and technology foundation for industrial development of the plant source compound-long-acting insecticide.
引文
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[2] 张兴,马志卿,冯俊涛,等.植物源农药研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):685-698.
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[7] 胡冠芳,刘敏艳,李玉奇,等.甘肃天然草地30种有毒植物提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食和触杀作用研究[J].草业学报,2011,10(5):169-176.
[8] 刘锦霞,李晶,李娜,等.黄帚橐吾乙醇提取物对棉铃虫的生物活性[J].植物保护,2015,41(4):191-199.
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[10] 王晓丽,李强,杨永建,等.橐吾属植物挥发油成分分析及活性研究[J].中药材,2014,37(6):1005-1011.
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[13] 郝文婧.铁棒锤生物碱部位化学成分研究及其抗肿瘤活性的初步筛选[D].银川:宁夏医科大学,2014.
[14] 郭生虎,王敬东,马洪爱.伏毛铁棒锤生物总碱的杀虫活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):382-385.
[15] 刘锦霞,张锐,晁开,等.苦豆子、铁棒锤生物碱对菜青虫的毒力测定[J].甘肃科学学报,2003,15(2):38-41.
[16] 尤江,齐强强,张玉粉,等.野生与种植伏毛铁棒锤对小菜蛾的杀虫活性比较[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(22):5470-5472.
[17] 张宏利,韩崇选,杨学军,等.铁棒锤对小白鼠的毒杀活性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):125-126.
[18] 周丽.高原草地有毒植物对植物病原菌抑菌活性的初步研究[D].成都:四川大学,2007.
[2] 张兴,马志卿,冯俊涛,等.植物源农药研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):685-698.
[3] 赵莉,刘德立.国外植物源杀虫剂研究进展[J].农药,2008,47(2):82-99.
[4] 王明理.高寒草场优势毒杂草黄帚橐吾对牧草化感作用的研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2006.
[5] 黄立铭.黄南州天然草地毒草调查与防治[J].四川草原,2006(5):24-26.
[6] 单保庆,杜国祯,刘振恒.不同养分条件下和不同生境类型中根茎草本黄帚橐吾的克隆生长[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):46-51.
[7] 胡冠芳,刘敏艳,李玉奇,等.甘肃天然草地30种有毒植物提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食和触杀作用研究[J].草业学报,2011,10(5):169-176.
[8] 刘锦霞,李晶,李娜,等.黄帚橐吾乙醇提取物对棉铃虫的生物活性[J].植物保护,2015,41(4):191-199.
[9] 孙晓白.拳参和黄帚橐吾化学成分研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[10] 王晓丽,李强,杨永建,等.橐吾属植物挥发油成分分析及活性研究[J].中药材,2014,37(6):1005-1011.
[11] 林永明.牛羊黄帚橐吾草中毒症的诊治[J].中国草食动物,2011(3):74-75.
[12] 张生民,李桂芝,丁鼎海,等.黄帚橐吾的毒性试验[J].中国兽医科技,1990(6):37-38.
[13] 郝文婧.铁棒锤生物碱部位化学成分研究及其抗肿瘤活性的初步筛选[D].银川:宁夏医科大学,2014.
[14] 郭生虎,王敬东,马洪爱.伏毛铁棒锤生物总碱的杀虫活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):382-385.
[15] 刘锦霞,张锐,晁开,等.苦豆子、铁棒锤生物碱对菜青虫的毒力测定[J].甘肃科学学报,2003,15(2):38-41.
[16] 尤江,齐强强,张玉粉,等.野生与种植伏毛铁棒锤对小菜蛾的杀虫活性比较[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(22):5470-5472.
[17] 张宏利,韩崇选,杨学军,等.铁棒锤对小白鼠的毒杀活性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):125-126.
[18] 周丽.高原草地有毒植物对植物病原菌抑菌活性的初步研究[D].成都:四川大学,2007.