甘南地区饲用型小黑麦草产量及营养品质研究
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摘要
以饲用型小黑麦品系C35为试材,黑麦品系C39和当地种植的燕麦品种(岷县燕麦)为对照,对3种牧草4个刈割期(抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期、乳熟期)的草产量、营养价值和干物质消化率进行了测定分析,并运用灰色关联度法进行了综合评价。结果表明:乳熟期小黑麦,黑麦和燕麦的平均干草产量最高,抽穗期CP含量和干物质消化率最高,株高,NDF含量和ADF含量最低。小黑麦的平均干草产量和营养品质显著高于燕麦,虽然干草产量与黑麦无显著差异,但CP含量显著高于黑麦,NDF和ADF含量显著低于黑麦。综合评价,3种牧草最佳刈割时期均为乳熟期,乳熟期的灰色关联度排序为γi(小黑麦)>γi(黑麦)>γi(燕麦);小黑麦品系C35在该地区具有较高的生产性能和营养品质,具有明显区域优势,适于推广种植。
This experiment used forage type triticale line C35 as a test material to study the grass yield and nutrient quality of triticale in Gannan area.Local oat material(Minxian oat) and rye line C39 were used as control,to analyze grass yield,nutrient value and DMD at four stages(heading stage,flowering stage,filling and milky stage).This paper adopts the grey correlation method to carry out comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that hay yield of triticale,rye and oat reached the highest on milky stage,the CP content and DMD reached the highest on heading stage.The plant height,NDF content and ADF content were the lowest on heading stage.The hay yield and nutrient quality of triticale were significantly higher than oat.Although the hay yield was not significantly different from that of rye,but the CP content was significantly higher than that of rye,and the N(A) DF content was significantly lower than that of rye.Comprehensive evaluation results show that the best cutting time of the three kinds of forages are milky stage.The grey relational degree in milky stage:γi(triticale) >γi(rye) >γi(oat).The triticale line C35 has a high production performance and nutrient quality in the area,with obvious regional advantages,and suitable for planting promotion.
This experiment used forage type triticale line C35 as a test material to study the grass yield and nutrient quality of triticale in Gannan area.Local oat material(Minxian oat) and rye line C39 were used as control,to analyze grass yield,nutrient value and DMD at four stages(heading stage,flowering stage,filling and milky stage).This paper adopts the grey correlation method to carry out comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that hay yield of triticale,rye and oat reached the highest on milky stage,the CP content and DMD reached the highest on heading stage.The plant height,NDF content and ADF content were the lowest on heading stage.The hay yield and nutrient quality of triticale were significantly higher than oat.Although the hay yield was not significantly different from that of rye,but the CP content was significantly higher than that of rye,and the N(A) DF content was significantly lower than that of rye.Comprehensive evaluation results show that the best cutting time of the three kinds of forages are milky stage.The grey relational degree in milky stage:γi(triticale) >γi(rye) >γi(oat).The triticale line C35 has a high production performance and nutrient quality in the area,with obvious regional advantages,and suitable for planting promotion.
引文
[1] 贺有龙,周华坤,赵新全,等.青藏高原高寒草地的退化及其恢复[J].草业与畜牧,2008(11):1-9.
[2] 阚保强,李巍,高珊珊.青藏高原东北边缘地区少数民族产业结构发展研究——以甘南藏族自治州为例[J].甘肃农业,2010(12):30-32.
[1] 尚晓兰.甘南高原特色畜牧业发展的现状、问题及对策[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(3):139-140.
[2] 唐剑,刘晓鹰,陈祥碧.青藏高原藏族牧区畜牧业发展问题研究——以阿坝州若尔盖县为例[J].经济界,2016(3):71-76.
[3] 胡自治.人工草地在我国21世纪草业发展和环境治理中的重要意义[J].草原与草坪,2000(1):12-15.
[4] 李凌浩,路鹏,顾雪莹,等.人工草地建设原理与生产范式[J].科学通报,2016(2):193-200.
[5] 赵桂琴,师尚礼.青藏高原饲用燕麦研究与生产现状、存在问题与对策[J].草业科学,2004,21(11):17-21.
[6] 李春喜,叶润蓉,周玉碧,等.高寒牧区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播生产性能及营养价值评价[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(5):40-45.
[7] 郭建文,田新会,杜文华.黑麦种子产量及其构成因素研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(4):20-25.
[8] 富新年,潘正武,孟祥君,等.发展以甘引1号黑麦为支柱产业的高寒草地畜牧业——以天祝县为例[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(2):50-52.
[9] 孙敏,郭媛.小黑麦生物学特性、营养价值及利用前景[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(3):200-203.
[10] 吉彪.氮素水平对小黑麦氮代谢及产质量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[11] 柴继宽,赵桂琴,胡凯军,等.不同种植区生态环境对燕麦营养价值及干草产量的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(3):421-425.
[12] 吴亚楠,李志强.饲用燕麦不同生育期养分含量动态变化分析[J].哈尔滨:中国奶牛,2015(z1):60-63.
[13] 刘建宁,胡跃高,王运琦,等.青刈黑麦引种及栽培试验研究[J].中国草地学报,2003,25(2):22-24.
[14] 孙亮,龙忠富,张瑜,等.黔饲1号小黑麦适宜刈割次数及刈割期研究[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2016,40(4):57-62.
[15] 代寒凌,田新会,杜文华,等.半干旱灌区黑麦新品系的产草产量和营养价值研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(4):107-105.
[16] GB/T 30395-2013,草品种审定技术规程[S].
[17] 梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):108-115.
[18] 田兵,冉雪琴,薛红,等.贵州42种野生牧草营养价值灰色关联度分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):92-103.
[19] 李冬梅,田新会,杜文华.小黑麦新品系的草产量及营养价值研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1164-1169.
[20] 董桂春,王熠,于小凤,等.不同生育期水稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(22):4570-4582.
[21] 赵世锋,田长叶,陈淑萍,等.草用燕麦品种适宜刈割期的确定[J].华北农学报,2005,20(f12):132-134.
[22] 王赟文,曹致中,韩建国,等.9个苏丹草品种生产性能的评价与聚类分析[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):117-123.
[23] 孙亮,龙忠富,张瑜,等.黔饲1号小黑麦适宜刈割次数及刈割期研究[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2016,40(4):57-62.
[24] 张莹,陈志飞,张晓娜,等.不同刈割期对春播、秋播燕麦干草产量和品质的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):124-135.
[25] 拾方坚,郭孝,田玉山.饲用大麦品种生物产量、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量的动态研究[J].中国农业科学,1994,27(2):38-44.
[26] Goto M,Gordon A H,Chesson A.Changes in cell-wall composition and degradability of sorghum during growth and maturation[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,1991,54(1):47-60.
[27] 李诚,王亚利,艾尼瓦尔,等.牧草型小黑麦不同生育期纤维含量变化动态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(S3):86-90.
[28] Oba M,Allen M S.Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage:effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(3):589-96.
[29] 马春晖,韩建国.高寒地区种植一年生牧草及饲料作物的研究[J].中国草地学报,2001,23(2):49-54.
[30] 宫旭胤,汪晓娟,张利平,等.小黑麦在祁连山牧区引种试验研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2014(7):32-34.
[31] 周卫星,白淑娟,程云辉,等.小黑麦在苏南农区草牧业生产上的利用研究[J].江苏农业科学,2005(2):79-81.
[2] 阚保强,李巍,高珊珊.青藏高原东北边缘地区少数民族产业结构发展研究——以甘南藏族自治州为例[J].甘肃农业,2010(12):30-32.
[1] 尚晓兰.甘南高原特色畜牧业发展的现状、问题及对策[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(3):139-140.
[2] 唐剑,刘晓鹰,陈祥碧.青藏高原藏族牧区畜牧业发展问题研究——以阿坝州若尔盖县为例[J].经济界,2016(3):71-76.
[3] 胡自治.人工草地在我国21世纪草业发展和环境治理中的重要意义[J].草原与草坪,2000(1):12-15.
[4] 李凌浩,路鹏,顾雪莹,等.人工草地建设原理与生产范式[J].科学通报,2016(2):193-200.
[5] 赵桂琴,师尚礼.青藏高原饲用燕麦研究与生产现状、存在问题与对策[J].草业科学,2004,21(11):17-21.
[6] 李春喜,叶润蓉,周玉碧,等.高寒牧区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播生产性能及营养价值评价[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(5):40-45.
[7] 郭建文,田新会,杜文华.黑麦种子产量及其构成因素研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(4):20-25.
[8] 富新年,潘正武,孟祥君,等.发展以甘引1号黑麦为支柱产业的高寒草地畜牧业——以天祝县为例[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(2):50-52.
[9] 孙敏,郭媛.小黑麦生物学特性、营养价值及利用前景[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(3):200-203.
[10] 吉彪.氮素水平对小黑麦氮代谢及产质量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[11] 柴继宽,赵桂琴,胡凯军,等.不同种植区生态环境对燕麦营养价值及干草产量的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(3):421-425.
[12] 吴亚楠,李志强.饲用燕麦不同生育期养分含量动态变化分析[J].哈尔滨:中国奶牛,2015(z1):60-63.
[13] 刘建宁,胡跃高,王运琦,等.青刈黑麦引种及栽培试验研究[J].中国草地学报,2003,25(2):22-24.
[14] 孙亮,龙忠富,张瑜,等.黔饲1号小黑麦适宜刈割次数及刈割期研究[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2016,40(4):57-62.
[15] 代寒凌,田新会,杜文华,等.半干旱灌区黑麦新品系的产草产量和营养价值研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(4):107-105.
[16] GB/T 30395-2013,草品种审定技术规程[S].
[17] 梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):108-115.
[18] 田兵,冉雪琴,薛红,等.贵州42种野生牧草营养价值灰色关联度分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):92-103.
[19] 李冬梅,田新会,杜文华.小黑麦新品系的草产量及营养价值研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1164-1169.
[20] 董桂春,王熠,于小凤,等.不同生育期水稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(22):4570-4582.
[21] 赵世锋,田长叶,陈淑萍,等.草用燕麦品种适宜刈割期的确定[J].华北农学报,2005,20(f12):132-134.
[22] 王赟文,曹致中,韩建国,等.9个苏丹草品种生产性能的评价与聚类分析[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):117-123.
[23] 孙亮,龙忠富,张瑜,等.黔饲1号小黑麦适宜刈割次数及刈割期研究[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2016,40(4):57-62.
[24] 张莹,陈志飞,张晓娜,等.不同刈割期对春播、秋播燕麦干草产量和品质的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):124-135.
[25] 拾方坚,郭孝,田玉山.饲用大麦品种生物产量、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量的动态研究[J].中国农业科学,1994,27(2):38-44.
[26] Goto M,Gordon A H,Chesson A.Changes in cell-wall composition and degradability of sorghum during growth and maturation[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,1991,54(1):47-60.
[27] 李诚,王亚利,艾尼瓦尔,等.牧草型小黑麦不同生育期纤维含量变化动态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(S3):86-90.
[28] Oba M,Allen M S.Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage:effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(3):589-96.
[29] 马春晖,韩建国.高寒地区种植一年生牧草及饲料作物的研究[J].中国草地学报,2001,23(2):49-54.
[30] 宫旭胤,汪晓娟,张利平,等.小黑麦在祁连山牧区引种试验研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2014(7):32-34.
[31] 周卫星,白淑娟,程云辉,等.小黑麦在苏南农区草牧业生产上的利用研究[J].江苏农业科学,2005(2):79-81.