几种光敏推进剂的热分解动力学及气相产物研究
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摘要
通过热重差热分析法(TG-DTA)测定了不同配方的光敏推进剂的热分解过程,分别获得了不同升温速率下的峰温。根据Kissinger方程,计算了光敏推进剂的表观活化能和指前因子,并分析了不同配方的区别。通过质谱联用分析技术测定了热分解过程的气相产物种类,并使用NASA-CEA计算了不同配方绝热燃烧后的气相产物的质量分数。结果表明,纳米碳粉和酚醛树脂的添加稀释了样品的纯度,使不同配方的表观活化能和指前因子存在差异,热分解升温速率会影响反应平衡程度,升温速率提高,对反应热的释放或吸收起到阻碍作用,光敏推进剂热分解后的70%(质量分数)气相产物为氮气。光敏推进剂的激光点火试验表明:硝酸铵(AN)作为氧化剂的效果最好。
Processes of thermal decomposition of laser sensitive propellants were analyzed by TG-DTA, and peak-temperatures at different heating rates were obtained. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor of laser sensitive propellants were calculated and governed by the Kissinger Equation and the differences of different formulations were analyzed. The gaseous products of thermal decomposition were measured by mass-spectrometric, and the mass fraction of gaseous were calculated by NASA-CEA. The results show that the purity of formula is diluted due to the addition of Nano-C and PF, which may vary the activation energy and pre-exponential. The heating rates can influence the equilibrium of reaction, which means the higher heating rates,the lower the reaction heat.The 70%(mass fraction) of gaseous product is nitrogen.Results from laser ignition experiment show that laser sensitive propellant containing AN performs as a superior oxidant.
Processes of thermal decomposition of laser sensitive propellants were analyzed by TG-DTA, and peak-temperatures at different heating rates were obtained. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor of laser sensitive propellants were calculated and governed by the Kissinger Equation and the differences of different formulations were analyzed. The gaseous products of thermal decomposition were measured by mass-spectrometric, and the mass fraction of gaseous were calculated by NASA-CEA. The results show that the purity of formula is diluted due to the addition of Nano-C and PF, which may vary the activation energy and pre-exponential. The heating rates can influence the equilibrium of reaction, which means the higher heating rates,the lower the reaction heat.The 70%(mass fraction) of gaseous product is nitrogen.Results from laser ignition experiment show that laser sensitive propellant containing AN performs as a superior oxidant.
引文
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[2] 窦志国,姚宏林,王军,等. 激光推进工质推进性能研究[J]. 装备指挥技术学院学报,2006,17(6):99-103.DOU Z G, YAO H L, WANG J, et al. Research on the propulsive performance of laser propulsive working me-dium [J]. Journal of the Academy of Equipment Command & Technology, 2006, 17(6): 99-103.
[3] PIRRI A N,MONSLER M J,NEBOLSINE P E. Propulsion by absorption of laser radiation[J]. AIAA Journal, 1974, 12(9): 1254-1261.
[4] 沈瑞琪,叶迎华,戴实之,等. 激光与含能材料互作用的化学反应过程[J]. 激光技术,1997,21(4):193-195.SHEN R Q, YE Y H, DAI S Z, et al. Chemical reaction process of interaction of laser and energetical materials [J]. Laser Technology, 1997, 21(4): 193-195.
[5] 沈瑞琪. KONDERIKOV B N, DENISUKE A P,等. 激光辐射下的固体双基推进剂的燃烧特性[J]. 应用激光, 2003,23(1):29-32,28.SHEN R Q, KONDERIKOV B N, DENISUKE A P, et al. Combustion characteristics of double base propellants under laser radiation [J]. Applied Laser, 2003, 23(1): 29-32, 28.
[6] 杜江媛. 激光辐射下固体推进剂燃烧特性及规律研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学,2009.DU J Y. The study of combustion characteristics of solid propellants under laser radiation [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2009.
[7] 王晓勇. 基于GAP含能靶带的激光烧蚀微推进技术研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学,2015.WANG X Y. Study on the technology of laser ablation micro-propulsion based on the GAP [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2015.
[8] 吴修伟. GAP含能工质工艺优化及其激光微推进性能测试[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学,2016.WU X W. Optimization of GAP energetic target process and it's laser micro-propulsion performance test [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[9] 陈鹤鸣,赵新彦.激光原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013:318-319.
[10] 刘子如.含能材料热分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008:1-10,59-61.LIU Z R. Thermal analyses for energetic materials [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2008:1-10, 59-61.
[11] 王泽山. 含能材料概论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2005:134-142.
[12] KAKAMI A,MASAKI S, HORISAWA H ,et al. Solid propellant microthruster using laser-assisted combustion [C]//American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit.Florida,2004.
[13] KAKAMI A, HIYAMZU R, SHUZENJI K. Laser-assisted combustion of solid propellants[C]//American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit.Cincinnati,2007.
[14] SCHAL W O.Characterization of the absorption wave produced by CO2 laser ablation of a solid propellant: FA8655-04-1-3067[R].2005.
[15] 项仕标.激光点火原理与实践[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004:88-92