大口径长药室平衡炮发射装药多点点火特性
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摘要
针对大口径长药室平衡炮内药量大,轴向点传火距离长,点传火条件复杂等问题,对设计的多点点传火结构建立了两相流计算模型。控制点火位置发火的数目,得到了几种传火管内的火药流动过程和燃气释放规律。对同一规格的传火管在相同装药量下,分别采用单点点火、两点点火及多点点火三种方式点火,对所得到的点传火时间、点传火压力及空隙率等反应点传火特性的特征量进行了对比。结合大口径平衡炮多点点火试验结果,验证了多点点火技术的计算结果。结果表明,单点点火和两点点火在3.3 ms左右仍有火药仍未点燃并出现明显堆积现象,而多点点火在2.43 ms时火药已经接近全部燃完,且各特征量分布较为均匀。为此,在大口径长药室平衡炮以及其它一些装药量大的大口径火炮中采用多点点火技术可以有效改善传火时间,增加点传火安全性,抑制火药堆积。
Aiming at the problem of the large mass of the powder%the long ignition/flame spreading distance along axis and many complex ignition/flame spreading conditions in the large caliber balance guns with long-chamber charges%a two-phase flow model was developed for the designed multi-point ignition/flame spreading construction.By controlling the number of the igniters%the flow process and rules of gas releasing in the igniter tube with different numbers of igniter were obtained.A comparison of characteristic quantity of ignition characteristics including ignition/flame spreading time%ignition/flame spreading pressure and void ratio etc obtained by the singlepoint ignition%the two-point ignition and the multi-point ignition in the same specification igniters under the same amount of charge was performed.Combined with the test results of multi-point ignition in large caliber balance gun%the calculated results of the multi-point technology were verified.Results show a lot of gunpowder still do not burnt and appear an obvious accumulation phenomenon at about3.3 ms when the single-point ignition or two-point ignition is used%but almost all the propellants are burned out at about 2.43 ms when the multi-point ignition is used and the distribution of the characteristic quantity is relatively uniform.Therefore%use of the multi-point ignition technology in the large caliber balance guns with long-chamber charges and the other big charges with heavy propellant can effectively improve the ignition/flame spreading time%increase the ignition/ flame spreading stability and restrain the gunpowder accumulation.
Aiming at the problem of the large mass of the powder%the long ignition/flame spreading distance along axis and many complex ignition/flame spreading conditions in the large caliber balance guns with long-chamber charges%a two-phase flow model was developed for the designed multi-point ignition/flame spreading construction.By controlling the number of the igniters%the flow process and rules of gas releasing in the igniter tube with different numbers of igniter were obtained.A comparison of characteristic quantity of ignition characteristics including ignition/flame spreading time%ignition/flame spreading pressure and void ratio etc obtained by the singlepoint ignition%the two-point ignition and the multi-point ignition in the same specification igniters under the same amount of charge was performed.Combined with the test results of multi-point ignition in large caliber balance gun%the calculated results of the multi-point technology were verified.Results show a lot of gunpowder still do not burnt and appear an obvious accumulation phenomenon at about3.3 ms when the single-point ignition or two-point ignition is used%but almost all the propellants are burned out at about 2.43 ms when the multi-point ignition is used and the distribution of the characteristic quantity is relatively uniform.Therefore%use of the multi-point ignition technology in the large caliber balance guns with long-chamber charges and the other big charges with heavy propellant can effectively improve the ignition/flame spreading time%increase the ignition/ flame spreading stability and restrain the gunpowder accumulation.
引文
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[2]East J L,Burrell W R.Solutions to ignition related problems in navy guns via a rapid ignition propagation(RIP)ignition[C]∥14th JAN N AF C ombustion M eeting C PIA,Publication,1977:292.
[3]王珊珊,张玉成,王浩,等.大长径比点火管高密实火药床点传火过程两相流的数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(4):444-447.W AN G Shan-shan,Z H AN G Yu-cheng,W AN G hao,et al.T w ophase flow in ignition process of consolidated charge bed w ithin a large length-to-diam eter ratio igniter tube[J].Explosion and Shcok W aves,2013,33(4):444-447
[4]徐流恩,李永池,高乐南.大口径高速平衡炮发射安全性分析[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2008,38(11):1304-1309.X U Liu-en,LI Yong-chi,G AO Le-nan.Shooting security analysis of counter-m ass propelling gun w ith large caliber and high m uzzle velocity[J].J ournal of University of Science A nd T echnology of China,2008,38(11):1304-1309.
[5]李海庆,张小兵,李筱伟,等.激光多点点火二维两相流数值模拟[J].兵工学报,2012,33(3):257-260.LI H ai-qing,Z H AN G X iao-bing,LI X iao-w ei,et al.T w o-dim ensional tw o-phase flow num erical sim ulation of m ulti-point laser ignition[J].A cta A rmamentarii,2012,33(3):257-260.
[6]王殿湘,尹国福,贺爱锋,等.激光多点点火系统自诊断检测技术研究[J].火工品,2013(6):51-53.W AN G D ian-xiang,YIN G uo-fu,H E Ai-feng,et al.Study on build-in test technology for laser m ulti-point initiation system[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2013(6):51-53.
[7]黄明,王浩.传火管中不同装药结构传火性能试验研究[J].弹道学报,2003,15(1):83-86.H U AN G M ing,W AN G H ao.T he experim ental study on the pefom ance of ignition and flam e spreading in igniter for different charge constructions[J].J ournal of Ballistics,2003,15(1):83-86.
[8]Brad E.T rends observed in the laser ignition of black powder and JA2 propellant.AD A277904[R],1994
[9]王浩,黄明,邵志坚.火炮中激光多点点火技术试验研究[J].兵工学报,2000,21(2):101-104W AN G H ao,H U AN G M ing,SH AO Z hi-jian.A study on the laser m ulti-point ignition of guns[J].A cta A rmamentarii,2000,21(2):101-104
[10]狄加伟,杨敏涛,张明安,等.电热化学发射技术在大口径火炮上的应用前景[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2010(2):24-27.D I Jia-w ei,YAN G M in-tao,Z H AN G M ing-an,et al.Electrotherm al-chem ical launcher technology in large caliber gun[J].J ournal of G un Launch and Control,2010(2):24-27.
[11]季晓松,王浩,冯国增,等.高炮口动能大口径火炮中多点点火技术试验研究[J].弹道学报,2010,22(4):67-69.JI X iao-song,W AN G H ao,FEN G G uo-zeng,et al.Experim ental research on technology of m ulti-point ignition in large caliber gun w ith high m uzzle energy[J].J ournal of Ballistic,2010,22(4):67-69.
[12]翁春生,王浩.计算内弹道学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.W O N G C hun-sheng,W AN G H ao.C om putational interior ballistics[M].Beijing:N ational defense Press,2006