实际污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及其特性研究
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摘要
采用实际城市污水在序批式反应器(SBR)中试装置中成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥.颗粒污泥的沉降速率>21 m·h-1,显示了良好的沉降性能.颗粒污泥对化学需氧量(COD)、氮(N)、磷(P)具有同步去除的能力.在3 h的运行周期中,反应器出水COD<50 mg·L-1,氨氮(NH+4-N)<5.0 mg·L-1,总氮(TN)<15 mg·L-1,对TN和总磷(TP)的去除率达到50%.采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)对好氧颗粒污泥的结构分析表明,好氧颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物(EPS)在整个颗粒污泥中均匀地分布,构成颗粒污泥的骨架.对颗粒污泥的X射线衍射(XRD)分析显示,在好氧颗粒污泥的内部存在许多无机矿物质,在颗粒污泥形成初期,废水中的无机成分可能具有"晶核"的作用.
Microbial granules were successfully developed in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor( SBR) for the treatment of real municipal wastewater. The aerobic granules developed had good settleability with a settling velocity of > 21 m·h- 1. The mature granular sludge was capable of simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand( COD),nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P). With the cycle of 3 h,the effluent COD,ammonium nitrogen( NH+ 4-N) and total nitrogen( TN) concentrations were < 50 mg·L- 1,<5. 0 mg·L- 1,and <15 mg·L- 1,respectively. The removal efficiency for TN and total phosphorus( TP) was about 50%. Examinations by confocal laser scanning microscopy( CLSM) showed that extracellular polymeric substances( EPS) were uniformly distributed throughout the granules,forming the granule structure matrix. X-ray diffraction( XRD) analysis indicated the presence of SiO2and other metal oxides inside aerobic granules,implying that minerals in real wastewater might function as the seed in the initial stage of aerobic granulation.
Microbial granules were successfully developed in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor( SBR) for the treatment of real municipal wastewater. The aerobic granules developed had good settleability with a settling velocity of > 21 m·h- 1. The mature granular sludge was capable of simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand( COD),nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P). With the cycle of 3 h,the effluent COD,ammonium nitrogen( NH+ 4-N) and total nitrogen( TN) concentrations were < 50 mg·L- 1,<5. 0 mg·L- 1,and <15 mg·L- 1,respectively. The removal efficiency for TN and total phosphorus( TP) was about 50%. Examinations by confocal laser scanning microscopy( CLSM) showed that extracellular polymeric substances( EPS) were uniformly distributed throughout the granules,forming the granule structure matrix. X-ray diffraction( XRD) analysis indicated the presence of SiO2and other metal oxides inside aerobic granules,implying that minerals in real wastewater might function as the seed in the initial stage of aerobic granulation.
引文
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[16]周丹丹,刘孟媛,侯典训,等.连续流气提式流化床启动过程中好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(1):212-219.
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[21]高景峰,陈冉妮,苏凯,等.同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥形成与反应机制的研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):1021-1029.
[22]Liu Y,Yang S F,Tay J H.Improved stability of aerobic granules by selecting slow-growing nitrifying bacteria[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2004,108(2):161-169.
[23]郝晓地,陈新华,戴吉,等.极具工程化潜力的好氧颗粒污泥技术[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(8):1-7.
[24]Mans A,Biscans B,Spérandio M.Biologically induced phosphorus precipitation in aerobic granular sludge process[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3776-3786.
[25]林跃梅,王琳.好氧颗粒污泥藻酸盐提取物的聚集形态研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):1181-1186.
[26]Lin Y M,Wang L,Chi Z M,et al.Bacterial alginate role in aerobic granular bio-particles formation and settleability improvement[J].Separation Science and Technology,2008,43(7):1642-1652.
[27]崔成武,纪树兰,高景峰.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理[J].水处理技术,2006,32(2):13-15.
[2]Peng D,Bernet N,Delgenes J P,et al.Aerobic granular sludge—a case study[J].Water Research,1999,33(3):890-893.
[3]Tay J H,Liu Q S,Liu Y.The effects of shear force on the formation,structure and metabolism of aerobic granules[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2001,57(1-2):227-233.
[4]Tay J H,Liu Q S,Liu Y.Microscopic observation of aerobic granulation in sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactor[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2001,91(1):168-175.
[5]Tay J H,Yang S F,Liu Y.Hydraulic selection pressure-induced nitrifying granulation in sequencing batch reactors[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,59(2-3):332-337.
[6]Yang S F,Tay J H,Liu Y.Effect of substrate nitrogen/chemical oxygen demand ratio on the formation of aerobic granules[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering—ASCE,2005,131(1):86-92.
[7]彭永臻,吴蕾,马勇,等.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及应用研究进展[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):273-281.
[8]涂响,苏本生,孔云华,等.城市污水培养好氧颗粒污泥的中试研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2118-2123.
[9]Moy B Y P,Tay J H,Toh S K,et al.High organic loading influences the physical characteristics of aerobic granules[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2002,34(6):407-412.
[10]Yang S F,Tay J H,Liu Y.A novel granular sludge sequencingbatch reactor for removal of organic and nitrogen from wastewater[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2003,106(1):77-86.
[11]周曼,杨昌柱,濮文虹,等.不同颗粒龄的好氧颗粒污泥性能的研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):896-903.
[12]牛姝,段百川,张祚黧,等.连续流态下以城市污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及颗粒特性研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):986-991.
[13]汪善全,原媛,孔云华,等.好氧颗粒污泥处理高含盐废水研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):145-151.
[14]由阳,彭轶,袁志国,等.富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥的培养与特性[J].环境科学,2008,29(8):2242-2248.
[15]蔡春光,刘军深,蔡伟民.胞外多聚物在好氧颗粒化中的作用机理[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(5):623-626.
[16]周丹丹,刘孟媛,侯典训,等.连续流气提式流化床启动过程中好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(1):212-219.
[17]Flemming H C,Wingender J.The biofilm matrix[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2010,8(9):623-633.
[18]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[19]Yang S F,Li X Y,Yu H Q.Formation and characterisation of fungal and bacterial granules under different feeding alkalinity and pH conditions[J].Process Biochemistry,2008,43(1):8-14.
[20]Ni B J,Xie W M,Liu S G,et al.Granulation of activated sludge in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2009,43(3):751-761.
[21]高景峰,陈冉妮,苏凯,等.同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥形成与反应机制的研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):1021-1029.
[22]Liu Y,Yang S F,Tay J H.Improved stability of aerobic granules by selecting slow-growing nitrifying bacteria[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2004,108(2):161-169.
[23]郝晓地,陈新华,戴吉,等.极具工程化潜力的好氧颗粒污泥技术[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(8):1-7.
[24]Mans A,Biscans B,Spérandio M.Biologically induced phosphorus precipitation in aerobic granular sludge process[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3776-3786.
[25]林跃梅,王琳.好氧颗粒污泥藻酸盐提取物的聚集形态研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):1181-1186.
[26]Lin Y M,Wang L,Chi Z M,et al.Bacterial alginate role in aerobic granular bio-particles formation and settleability improvement[J].Separation Science and Technology,2008,43(7):1642-1652.
[27]崔成武,纪树兰,高景峰.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理[J].水处理技术,2006,32(2):13-15.