深部条带开采高位关键层离层区周边冲击危险性研究
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摘要
近年来深部条带开采矿井发生了多起冲击地压事故.事故数据表明,在具有高位关键层的深部条带开采矿井,冲击事件分布具有一定的规律:冲击集中发生在已开采区域周边位置.通过建立关键层离层力学模型,分析了关键层极限跨度与采场尺寸的关系和关键层挠度与关键层下方煤柱压缩量的关系,探讨了高位关键层离层形成条件和离层对周边区域应力分布的影响规律,揭示了深部条带开采关键层离层区周边冲击地压发生机理.研究表明:条带煤柱在两侧采空区传递应力作用下被压缩,导致关键层离层形成应力传递结构.该结构将关键层上方岩层的载荷传递到离层区周边区域,使周边区域应力集中程度明显增加,从而导致该区域冲击地压频繁发生.关键层离层区周边冲击危险性与关键层离层跨度和关键层上方岩层厚度成正相关.研究成果对于类似条件下冲击地压防治具有指导意义.
In recent years,many rock burst accidents have occurred in strip mining mines.Analysis of accident data demonstrates that in the deep strip mining mines with high key strata,the rock burst occurrence regularly concentrates around the exploited areas.By establishing a key strata abscission layer mechanical model,the correlation between the span limit of key strata and the stope size,as well as the deflection of the key strata and the compression amount of the remnant isolated coal pillars were analyzed.The formation condition of abscission layer and its effect on stress distribution in surrounding areas were discussed.Results show that the remnant isolated coal pillars were compressed under the stress transferred from overlying strata of both gob sides,which formed the stress transferring structure in abscission layer of key stra-ta.This structure transferred the stress of overlying strata to surrounding separation areas which lead to obvious increase of the surrounding stress,and frequent occurrence of the rock burst in these areas.A positive correlation was found between the rock burst risk surrounding the abscission layer of key strata and the span of abscission layer as well as the rock strata thickness above the key strata.This study provides a theoretical basis for rock burst prevention in similar geological conditions.
In recent years,many rock burst accidents have occurred in strip mining mines.Analysis of accident data demonstrates that in the deep strip mining mines with high key strata,the rock burst occurrence regularly concentrates around the exploited areas.By establishing a key strata abscission layer mechanical model,the correlation between the span limit of key strata and the stope size,as well as the deflection of the key strata and the compression amount of the remnant isolated coal pillars were analyzed.The formation condition of abscission layer and its effect on stress distribution in surrounding areas were discussed.Results show that the remnant isolated coal pillars were compressed under the stress transferred from overlying strata of both gob sides,which formed the stress transferring structure in abscission layer of key stra-ta.This structure transferred the stress of overlying strata to surrounding separation areas which lead to obvious increase of the surrounding stress,and frequent occurrence of the rock burst in these areas.A positive correlation was found between the rock burst risk surrounding the abscission layer of key strata and the span of abscission layer as well as the rock strata thickness above the key strata.This study provides a theoretical basis for rock burst prevention in similar geological conditions.
引文
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[14]缪协兴,茅献彪,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的复合效应分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,3(4):19-25.MIAO Xiexing,MAO Xianbiao,QIAN Minggao.The analysis of complex effect of key stratum in overlying strata within mining influence[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1999,3(4):19-25.
[15]窦林名,刘贞堂,曹胜根,等.坚硬顶板对冲击矿压危险的影响分析[J].煤矿开采,2003,8(2):58-66.DOU Linming,LIU Zhentang,CAO Shenggen,et al.Analysis of the influence on rock burst caused by hard roof[J].Coal Mining Technology,2003,8(2):58-66.
[16]窦林名,许家林,陆菜平,等.离层注浆控制冲击矿压危险机理探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,33(2):145-149.DOU Linming,XU Jialin,LU Caiping,et al.Study of controlling rock burst with grouting bed separation[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,33(2):145-149.
[17]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.覆岩关键层运动诱发冲击的规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1260-1265.HE Hu,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Rock burst rules induced by cracking ofoverlying key stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1260-1265.
[18]魏东,贺虎,秦原峰,等.相邻采空区关键层失稳诱发矿震机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):1957-1962.WEI Dong,HE Hu,QIN Yuanfeng,et al.Study on mechanism of mining tremor induced by key strata instability in the gob beside the working face[J].Journal of China Coal Scienty,2010,32(5):1957-1962.
[19]QIAO Jianyong.Julia sets and complex singularities of free energies[J].Memoirs of American Mathematical Society,2015(234):1-50.
[20]QIAO Jiangyong.On the preimages of parabolic points[J].Nonlinearity,2000(13):813-818.
[21]刘金海,姜福兴,王乃国,等.深井特厚煤层综放工作面区段煤柱合理宽度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,3(15):921-927.LIU Jinhai,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Naiguo,et al.Reseach on reasonable width of segment pillar of fully mechanized caving face in extra-thick coal seam of deep shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,3(15):921-927.
[22]樊友景,高建华,李大望.均布荷载作用下两端固支梁的弹性力学解析解[J].河南科学,2006,24(2):237-240.PAN Youjin,GAO Jianhua,LI Dawang.Elastic mechanical analytical solutions of beam clamped both ends under the action of uniformly distributed load[J].Henan Science,2006,24(2):237-240.
[23]张俊飞,姜福兴,杨建博,等.冲击煤层孤岛煤柱可采性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):867-872.ZHANG Junfei,JIANG Fuxing,YANG Jianbo,et al.Recoverability of isolated coal pillars in rockburst coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):867-872.
[2]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.我国条带开采的研究现状与主要问题[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(8):7-11.GUO Wenbin,DENG Kezhong,ZOU Youfeng.Research status and main issues of strip mining in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2004,32(8):7-11.
[3]郭文兵.深部大采宽条带开采地表移动的预计[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(4):368-372.GUO Wenbin.Surface movement predicting problemsof deep strip pillar mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(4):368-372.
[4]郭惟嘉,王海龙,刘增平.深井宽条带开采煤柱稳定性及地表移动特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):369-375.GUO Weijia,WANG Hailong,LIU Zengping.Coal pillar stability and surface movement characteristics of deep wide strip pillar mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):369-375.
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(3):225-230.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Theoretical study of key stratum in ground control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(3):225-230.
[6]钱鸣高,茅献彪,缪协兴.采场覆岩中关键层上载荷的变化规律[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(2):135-139.QIAN Minggao,MAO Xianbiao,MIAO Xiexing.Change rule of load on key strata in the stope overlying strata[J].Journal of China Coal Scienty,1998,23(2):135-139.
[7]茅献彪,缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的破断规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1988,27(1):39-42.MAO Xianbiao,MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Study on breaking rules of key strata in mining strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1988,27(1):39-42.
[8]许家林,钱鸣高.关键层运动对覆岩及地表移动影响的研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(2):122-126.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Study on the effects ofkey strata movement on strata and surface movement[J].Journal of China Coal Scienty,2000,25(2):122-126.
[9]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing.Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[10]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[11]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动岩体的关键层理论研究新进展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):25-29.MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Advance in the key strata theory of mining rockmass[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(1):25-29.
[12]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289-1295.MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai,et al.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289-1295.
[13]缪协兴,茅献彪,孙振武,等.采场覆岩中复合关键层的形成条件与判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(5):547-550.MIAO Xiexing,MAO Xianbiao,SUN Zhenwu,et al.Formation conditions of compound key strata in mining overlayer strata and its discriminance[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(5):547-550.
[14]缪协兴,茅献彪,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的复合效应分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,3(4):19-25.MIAO Xiexing,MAO Xianbiao,QIAN Minggao.The analysis of complex effect of key stratum in overlying strata within mining influence[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1999,3(4):19-25.
[15]窦林名,刘贞堂,曹胜根,等.坚硬顶板对冲击矿压危险的影响分析[J].煤矿开采,2003,8(2):58-66.DOU Linming,LIU Zhentang,CAO Shenggen,et al.Analysis of the influence on rock burst caused by hard roof[J].Coal Mining Technology,2003,8(2):58-66.
[16]窦林名,许家林,陆菜平,等.离层注浆控制冲击矿压危险机理探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,33(2):145-149.DOU Linming,XU Jialin,LU Caiping,et al.Study of controlling rock burst with grouting bed separation[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,33(2):145-149.
[17]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.覆岩关键层运动诱发冲击的规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1260-1265.HE Hu,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Rock burst rules induced by cracking ofoverlying key stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1260-1265.
[18]魏东,贺虎,秦原峰,等.相邻采空区关键层失稳诱发矿震机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):1957-1962.WEI Dong,HE Hu,QIN Yuanfeng,et al.Study on mechanism of mining tremor induced by key strata instability in the gob beside the working face[J].Journal of China Coal Scienty,2010,32(5):1957-1962.
[19]QIAO Jianyong.Julia sets and complex singularities of free energies[J].Memoirs of American Mathematical Society,2015(234):1-50.
[20]QIAO Jiangyong.On the preimages of parabolic points[J].Nonlinearity,2000(13):813-818.
[21]刘金海,姜福兴,王乃国,等.深井特厚煤层综放工作面区段煤柱合理宽度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,3(15):921-927.LIU Jinhai,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Naiguo,et al.Reseach on reasonable width of segment pillar of fully mechanized caving face in extra-thick coal seam of deep shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,3(15):921-927.
[22]樊友景,高建华,李大望.均布荷载作用下两端固支梁的弹性力学解析解[J].河南科学,2006,24(2):237-240.PAN Youjin,GAO Jianhua,LI Dawang.Elastic mechanical analytical solutions of beam clamped both ends under the action of uniformly distributed load[J].Henan Science,2006,24(2):237-240.
[23]张俊飞,姜福兴,杨建博,等.冲击煤层孤岛煤柱可采性研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):867-872.ZHANG Junfei,JIANG Fuxing,YANG Jianbo,et al.Recoverability of isolated coal pillars in rockburst coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):867-872.