基于可持续发展需求的耕地质量评价体系构建与应用
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摘要
为满足新时期耕地数量、质量、生态"三位一体"管理工作需要,保障国家耕地资源安全,需要对耕地质量进行评价。该文从人类对耕地资源的层次需求出发,分析了耕地质量评价的理论框架,构建了地形特征、土壤性状、耕作条件、耕地健康状况和耕地生物特性5个维度的耕地质量评价指标体系,并对大兴区耕地质量进行评价。结果表明:在高产高效需求条件下,优等地占耕地总面积的88.27%,良等地占11.73%;在绿色健康需求条件下,优等地占耕地总面积的73.61%,良等地占26.39%;在可持续发展需求条件下,优等地占耕地总面积的3.03%,良等地占52.30%,中等地占40.39%,低等地占4.27%。空间分布上,高产高效需求、绿色健康需求和可持续发展需求三者的耕地质量评价结果均呈现东部偏高,西部偏低的趋势。通过比较不同需求条件下耕地质量评价结果,耕地健康状况和耕地生物特性对耕地质量影响较大。该项研究为耕地质量提升提供科学依据,为国家耕地数量、质量、生态管护提供有效支撑。
The evaluation of arable land quality is one of the important means to protect and manage arable land. In order to meet the needs of current arable land management work and protect the safety of national arable land resources, it is necessary to establish an arable land quality index system to evaluate the arable land quality. Based on the change of human demand for arable land resources, the components of arable land use system and the relationship between various components of arable land use system, this paper systematically expounded the theoretical framework of arable land quality evaluation,and the evaluation index system of arable land quality was established by the matching of different demand hierarchy characteristics of human and supply of arable land resources. The evaluation index system of arable land quality consisted of five dimensions: geology characteristics, soil traits, farming conditions, health status of arable land and biological characteristics of arable land. According to the different characteristics of each dimension of arable land quality, suitable evaluation methods were selected. The three dimensions of geology characteristics, soil traits and farming conditions were calculated by using the weighted additive. The health status of arable land is calculated by the "1+X" cumulative model; the biological characteristics of arable land were calculated by coefficients. Then, the quality of arable land for high yield and high efficiency demand was evaluated by the method of additive, and the quality of arable land for green health and sustainable development was evaluated by the method of revised. The quality of arable land in Daxing District of Beijing was evaluated by using multi-source and multi-scale data. The results showed that the evaluation results of arable land quality in Daxing District were divided into five grades at equal intervals of 20 points. The arable land quality index [80,100] was excellent, [60, 80) was good, [40, 60) was medium, [20, 40) was lower, and [0, 20) was poor. Under the conditions of high yield and high efficiency, the excellent area accounted for 88.27% of the total arable land, the good accounted for 11.73%. Under the condition of green health demand, the excellent accounted for 73.61% of the total arable land, and the good accounted for 26.39%. Under the conditions of sustainable development demand, the excellent accounted for 3.03% of the total arable land, and the good accounted for 52.30%, medium accounted for 40.39%, and lower accounted for 4.27%. From the perspective of space, the results of arable land quality evaluation of high yield, high efficiency, green health and sustainable development demand were all high in the east and low in the west. By comparing the results of arable land quality evaluation under different demand conditions, the area of arable land in excellent is decreasing, while the area of arable land in good, medium and lower is increasing. The health status of arable land and the biological characteristics of arable land have become important factors affecting the quality improvement of arable land. Research conclusions are that the evaluation index system of arable land quality based on sustainable development demand can provide effective support for the evaluation and management of arable land, and is more in line with the national quantity, quality and ecological management needs of arable land.
The evaluation of arable land quality is one of the important means to protect and manage arable land. In order to meet the needs of current arable land management work and protect the safety of national arable land resources, it is necessary to establish an arable land quality index system to evaluate the arable land quality. Based on the change of human demand for arable land resources, the components of arable land use system and the relationship between various components of arable land use system, this paper systematically expounded the theoretical framework of arable land quality evaluation,and the evaluation index system of arable land quality was established by the matching of different demand hierarchy characteristics of human and supply of arable land resources. The evaluation index system of arable land quality consisted of five dimensions: geology characteristics, soil traits, farming conditions, health status of arable land and biological characteristics of arable land. According to the different characteristics of each dimension of arable land quality, suitable evaluation methods were selected. The three dimensions of geology characteristics, soil traits and farming conditions were calculated by using the weighted additive. The health status of arable land is calculated by the "1+X" cumulative model; the biological characteristics of arable land were calculated by coefficients. Then, the quality of arable land for high yield and high efficiency demand was evaluated by the method of additive, and the quality of arable land for green health and sustainable development was evaluated by the method of revised. The quality of arable land in Daxing District of Beijing was evaluated by using multi-source and multi-scale data. The results showed that the evaluation results of arable land quality in Daxing District were divided into five grades at equal intervals of 20 points. The arable land quality index [80,100] was excellent, [60, 80) was good, [40, 60) was medium, [20, 40) was lower, and [0, 20) was poor. Under the conditions of high yield and high efficiency, the excellent area accounted for 88.27% of the total arable land, the good accounted for 11.73%. Under the condition of green health demand, the excellent accounted for 73.61% of the total arable land, and the good accounted for 26.39%. Under the conditions of sustainable development demand, the excellent accounted for 3.03% of the total arable land, and the good accounted for 52.30%, medium accounted for 40.39%, and lower accounted for 4.27%. From the perspective of space, the results of arable land quality evaluation of high yield, high efficiency, green health and sustainable development demand were all high in the east and low in the west. By comparing the results of arable land quality evaluation under different demand conditions, the area of arable land in excellent is decreasing, while the area of arable land in good, medium and lower is increasing. The health status of arable land and the biological characteristics of arable land have become important factors affecting the quality improvement of arable land. Research conclusions are that the evaluation index system of arable land quality based on sustainable development demand can provide effective support for the evaluation and management of arable land, and is more in line with the national quantity, quality and ecological management needs of arable land.
引文
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[3]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.《中共中央国务院关于加强耕地保护和改进占补平衡的意见》(中发﹝2017﹞4号)[EB/OL].新华社,2017-01-23[2018-11-02].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-01/23/content_5162649.htm.
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[11]杜国明,刘彦随,于凤荣,等.耕地质量观的演变与再认识[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):243-249.Du Guoming,Liu Yansui,Yu Fengrong,et al.Evolution of concepts of cultivated land quality and recognition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(14):243-249.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[14]孔祥斌.粮食安全:不能忽视耕地的作用:对茅于轼先生的“18亿亩红线与粮食安全无关”的回应[J].中国土地,2011(6):57-60.
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[17]温良友,孔祥斌,辛芸娜,等.对耕地质量内涵的再认识[J].中国农业大学学报,2019,24(3):156-164.Wen Liangyou,Kong Xiangbin,Xin Yunna,et al.Evolution of cultivated land quality connotation and its recognition[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2019,24(3):156-164.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]辛芸娜,范树印,孔祥斌,等.四重质量维度下的县域耕地质量评价方法研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(4):737-747.Xin Yunna,Fan Shuyin,Kong Xiangbin,et al.Evaluation of cultivated land quality based on four quality dimensions[J].Resources Science,2018,40(4):737-747.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]奉婷,张凤荣,李灿,等.基于耕地质量综合评价的县域基本农田空间布局[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(1):200-210.Feng Ting,Zhang Fengrong,Li Can,et al.Spatial distribution of prime farmland based on cultivated land quality comprehensive evaluation at county scale[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(1):200-210.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]钱凤魁,王秋兵,李娜.基于耕地质量与立地条件综合评价的高标准基本农田划定[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):225-232.Qian Fengkui,Wang Qiubing,Li Na.High-standard prime farmland planning based on evaluation of farmland quality and site conditions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(18):225-232.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]马瑞明,马仁会,韩冬梅,等.基于多层级指标的省域耕地质量评价体系构建[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(16):249-257.Ma Ruiming,Ma Renhui,Han Dongmei,et al.Construction of cultivated land quality evaluation system in provincial level based on multilevel indicators[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(16):249-257.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[23]Bouma J.Land quality indicators of sustainable land management across scales[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2002,88(2):129-136.
[24]Jones A J.Methods for assessing soil quality[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1996(4):355-356.
[25]Doran J W,Zeiss M R.Soil health and sustainability:Managing the biotic component of soil quality[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(1):3-11.
[26]Kumar S,Garg A K,Aulakh M S.Effect of conservation agriculture practices on physical,chemical and biological attributes of soil health under soybean-rapeseed rotation[J].Agricultural Research,2016,5(2):145-161.
[27]Lal R.Soil health and carbon management[J].Food&Energy Security,2016,5(4):212-222.
[28]Coyle C,Creamer R E,Schulte R P O,et al.A functional land management conceptual framework under soil drainage and land use scenarios[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2016,56:39-48.
[29]O'Sullivan L,Creamer R E,Fealy R,et al.Functional land management for managing soil functions:A case-study of the trade-off between primary productivity and carbon storage in response to the intervention of drainage systems in Ireland[J].Land Use Policy,2015,47:42-54.
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