V型排导槽横纵比降对泥石流流速的差异影响研究
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摘要
V型排导槽是一种有利于泥石流固体物质排泄的速流结构形式,可解决泥石流在槽内发生淤积堵塞的难题,因而被广泛应用。但是,因V型排导槽流速计算中水力坡度采用相同权重横纵坡矢量合成的综合比降,导致排导槽流速计算结果不准确而仍发生泥石流淤积的现象,不能充分发挥V型排导槽的速流优势。为了揭示V型排导槽横纵比降对泥石流流速的差异影响,设计完成了25组室内模型实验,分析了不同横纵比降组合条件下泥石流流速的差异及原因,查明横纵比降均与泥石流流速呈正相关关系,其中横比降对泥石流流速的影响低于纵比降;根据实验数据建立了泥石流流速关系式,得到横比降和纵比降在V型排导槽泥石流流速中的权重分别为0.75和1.30,验证了横比降在V型排导槽综合比降中的权重影响低于纵比降,为V型排导槽过流能力计算的优化研究提供思路和参考。
The V-shaped channel is one of the widely used drainage channels,whose V-shaped design is conducive to the transport of debris flow and can prevent the accumulation of debris in a channel.However,in the calculation of debris flow velocity,the resultant gradient is empirically guided to employ the vector c of the transverse and longitudinal slopes with the same weight in the summation formula.This weighting leads to an unreliable result,causing the debris to be frequently deposited in the channel,which makes it difficult for the flow to accelerate to its full potential.Therefore,to investigate the different influences of the transverse and longitudinal slopes on the debris flow velocity in a V-shaped channel,25 groups of model experiments under different combinations of transverse and longitudinal slopes are conducted in this study.The differences and causes are analyzed,and the results reveal that both slopes are positively correlated with the flow velocity,of which the transverse slope exhibits a weaker effect than that of the longitudinal one.On the basis of the 25 groups of laboratory test data,a formula for calculating the debris flow velocity in a V-shaped channel is established,and the weights of the transverse and longitudinal slopes in the velocity formula are estimated to be 0.75 and 1.30,respectively.These results verify that the weight of the transverse slope in the resultant gradient in a V-shaped channel should be lower than that of the longitudinal one,which provide methods and references for the optimization of future research on V-shaped channels.
The V-shaped channel is one of the widely used drainage channels,whose V-shaped design is conducive to the transport of debris flow and can prevent the accumulation of debris in a channel.However,in the calculation of debris flow velocity,the resultant gradient is empirically guided to employ the vector c of the transverse and longitudinal slopes with the same weight in the summation formula.This weighting leads to an unreliable result,causing the debris to be frequently deposited in the channel,which makes it difficult for the flow to accelerate to its full potential.Therefore,to investigate the different influences of the transverse and longitudinal slopes on the debris flow velocity in a V-shaped channel,25 groups of model experiments under different combinations of transverse and longitudinal slopes are conducted in this study.The differences and causes are analyzed,and the results reveal that both slopes are positively correlated with the flow velocity,of which the transverse slope exhibits a weaker effect than that of the longitudinal one.On the basis of the 25 groups of laboratory test data,a formula for calculating the debris flow velocity in a V-shaped channel is established,and the weights of the transverse and longitudinal slopes in the velocity formula are estimated to be 0.75 and 1.30,respectively.These results verify that the weight of the transverse slope in the resultant gradient in a V-shaped channel should be lower than that of the longitudinal one,which provide methods and references for the optimization of future research on V-shaped channels.
引文
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[15]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统:实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.Tang Q Y.DPS data processing system:experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[2]蒋忠信.震后泥石流治理工程设计简明指南[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2014.Jiang Zh X.Concise guide on debris flow prevention design after the earthquake[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[3]陈洪凯,唐红梅,沈忠仁,等.公路泥石流防治工程技术指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.Chen H K.Tang H M,Shen Zh R,et al.Guidelines for highway debris flow control engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[4]陈洪凯,唐红梅,马永泰,等.公路泥石流研究及治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.Chen H K,Tang H M,Ma Y T,et al.Research and control of debris flow along highway[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[5]王继康,黄荣鉴,丁秀燕.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996.Wang J K,Huang R J,Ding X Y.Techniques to control debris flow[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1996.(in Chinese)
[6]王建强,周道银.Ⅴ型排导槽防治泥石流灾害[J].云南地质,2007,26(2):207-212.Wang J Q,Zhou D Y.A tentativestudy on the prevention&treatment of mud-rock flow disaster with vshaped rainage-channel trough[J].Yunnan Geology,2007,26(2):207-212.(in Chinese)
[7]韩征,徐林荣,苏志满,等.泥石流V型排导槽防淤设计方法及其应用研究[J].灾害学,2012,27(2):19-23.Han Zh,Xu L R,Su Zh M,et al.Research on the anti-silting design approach and application in the drainage canal of debris flow[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2012,27(2):19-23.(in Chinese)
[8]康志成,李焯芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Kang Zh Ch,Li Zh F,Ma A N,et al.Debris flow in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[9]游勇,柳金峰.泥石流直墙V型排导槽横断面优化设计[J].山地学报,2008,26(2):94-98.You Y,Liu J F.The optimum cross-section design on the“V”shaped drainage canal of debris flow[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(2):94-98.(in Chinese)
[10]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所.甘肃泥石流[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1982.Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Debris flow in Gansu Province[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1982.(in Chinese)
[11]徐林荣,韩征,苏志满,等.泥石流流速横向分布特征与防治工程结构优化[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3 715-3 728.Xu L R,Han Zh,Su Zh M,et al.Research on lateral distribution features of debris flow velocity and structural optimization of prevention and control works[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3 715-3 728.(in Chinese)
[12]洪正修.关于泥石流流速计算公式的探讨[J].铁道工程学报,1988,5(1):95-102.Hong Zh X.Discussionsof calculation formula on debris flow velocity[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1988,5(1):95-102.(in Chinese)
[13]程尊兰,刘雷激,游勇.西藏古乡沟泥石流流速[J].山地学报,1997,15(4):293-295.Cheng Z L,Liu L J,You Y.Debris flow velocity of Guxiang ravine,Xizang[J].Journal of Mountain Research,1997,15(4):293-295.(in Chinese)
[14]谈庆明.量纲分析[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.Tan Q M.Dimensional analysis[M].Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,2005.(in Chinese)
[15]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统:实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.Tang Q Y.DPS data processing system:experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.(in Chinese)