摘要
V型排导槽是一种有利于泥石流固体物质排泄的速流结构形式,可解决泥石流在槽内发生淤积堵塞的难题,因而被广泛应用。但是,因V型排导槽流速计算中水力坡度采用相同权重横纵坡矢量合成的综合比降,导致排导槽流速计算结果不准确而仍发生泥石流淤积的现象,不能充分发挥V型排导槽的速流优势。为了揭示V型排导槽横纵比降对泥石流流速的差异影响,设计完成了25组室内模型实验,分析了不同横纵比降组合条件下泥石流流速的差异及原因,查明横纵比降均与泥石流流速呈正相关关系,其中横比降对泥石流流速的影响低于纵比降;根据实验数据建立了泥石流流速关系式,得到横比降和纵比降在V型排导槽泥石流流速中的权重分别为0.75和1.30,验证了横比降在V型排导槽综合比降中的权重影响低于纵比降,为V型排导槽过流能力计算的优化研究提供思路和参考。
The V-shaped channel is one of the widely used drainage channels,whose V-shaped design is conducive to the transport of debris flow and can prevent the accumulation of debris in a channel.However,in the calculation of debris flow velocity,the resultant gradient is empirically guided to employ the vector c of the transverse and longitudinal slopes with the same weight in the summation formula.This weighting leads to an unreliable result,causing the debris to be frequently deposited in the channel,which makes it difficult for the flow to accelerate to its full potential.Therefore,to investigate the different influences of the transverse and longitudinal slopes on the debris flow velocity in a V-shaped channel,25 groups of model experiments under different combinations of transverse and longitudinal slopes are conducted in this study.The differences and causes are analyzed,and the results reveal that both slopes are positively correlated with the flow velocity,of which the transverse slope exhibits a weaker effect than that of the longitudinal one.On the basis of the 25 groups of laboratory test data,a formula for calculating the debris flow velocity in a V-shaped channel is established,and the weights of the transverse and longitudinal slopes in the velocity formula are estimated to be 0.75 and 1.30,respectively.These results verify that the weight of the transverse slope in the resultant gradient in a V-shaped channel should be lower than that of the longitudinal one,which provide methods and references for the optimization of future research on V-shaped channels.
引文
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