中深层稠油油藏蒸汽-氮气复合吞吐技术
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摘要
针对中深层稠油油藏地层压力高、注蒸汽过程中热损失大、蒸汽腔扩展范围小、注蒸汽开发效果差等特点,提出了蒸汽-氮气复合吞吐技术。针对渤海某中深层稠油油藏,通过实验和油藏数值模拟,深入研究蒸汽-氮气复合吞吐加热降黏、气体溶解降黏、重力驱替作用、增压作用、扩大加热腔作用、改变稠油流动形态和底水油藏注氮气的控水作用等开采机理,优化气水比、注汽量和注入方式等关键注入参数。数值模拟结果表明,注入温度为350℃时,最优气水比为50;对于厚度为10 m的油藏,水平井注汽强度为10～15 m~3/m.
Due to the problems encountered in middeep heavy oil reservoirs such as high formation pressure, large heat loss during steam injection, small expansion of steam chamber and poor steam injection effect and so on, nitrogen assisted steam stimulation technology is presented, which is an improved steam stimulation technology. In this paper, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to research the mechanism of nitrogen assisted steam stimulation and to optimize the injection parameters for the target reservoir in Bohai oilfield. Production mechanisms of nitrogen assisted steam stimulation including viscosity reduction by heating, viscosity reduction by gas solution, gravity displacement, pressurizing, steam chamber expanding, flow behavior changing and water controlling during nitrogen injection into the reservoirs with bottom water are researched, and the key injection parameters such as gas/water ratio, steam injection volume and injection mode are optimized. The numerical simulation results show that when the injection temperature is 350 ℃, the optimum gas/water ratio is 50; the steam injection strength in horizontal wells is 10～15 m~3/m for the reservoirs with the thickness of 10 m.
Due to the problems encountered in middeep heavy oil reservoirs such as high formation pressure, large heat loss during steam injection, small expansion of steam chamber and poor steam injection effect and so on, nitrogen assisted steam stimulation technology is presented, which is an improved steam stimulation technology. In this paper, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to research the mechanism of nitrogen assisted steam stimulation and to optimize the injection parameters for the target reservoir in Bohai oilfield. Production mechanisms of nitrogen assisted steam stimulation including viscosity reduction by heating, viscosity reduction by gas solution, gravity displacement, pressurizing, steam chamber expanding, flow behavior changing and water controlling during nitrogen injection into the reservoirs with bottom water are researched, and the key injection parameters such as gas/water ratio, steam injection volume and injection mode are optimized. The numerical simulation results show that when the injection temperature is 350 ℃, the optimum gas/water ratio is 50; the steam injection strength in horizontal wells is 10～15 m~3/m for the reservoirs with the thickness of 10 m.
引文
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[15]杨胜来,魏俊之.油层物理学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.YANG Shenglai,WEI Junzhi.Physics of petroleum reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[16]庞占喜,程林松,陈月飞,等.常规稠油底水油藏氮气泡沫控制水锥技术研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):99-103.PANG Zhanxi,CHENG Linsong,CHEN Yuefei,et al.Study on nitrogen foam anti-water-coning technology for conventional heavy oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):99-103.
[17]杨元亮,沈国华,宋文芳,等.注氮气控制稠油油藏底水水锥技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,29(3):83-88.YANG Yuanliang,SHEN Guohua,SONG Wenfang,et al.Nitrogen injection technique for controlling bottom water coning in heavy oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,29(3):83-88.
[2]张娟,周立发,张晓辉,等.浅薄层稠油油藏水平井CO2吞吐效果[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(4):485-491.ZHANG Juan,ZHOU Lifa,ZHANG Xiaohui,et al.Effects of CO2huff and puff in horizontal wells in shallow-burial thin heavy oil reservoirs[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(4):485-491.
[3]李兆敏,孙晓娜,鹿腾,等.烟道气改善超稠油蒸汽吞吐开发效果研究[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(3):303-306.LI Zhaomin,SUN Xiaona,LU Teng,et al.Study on the performance of flue gas improving steam huff and puff for super-heavy oil reservoir[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(3):303-306.
[4]于会永,刘慧卿,张传新,等.超稠油油藏注氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐数模研究[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(2):76-78.YU Huiyong,LIU Huiqing,ZHANG Chuanxin,et al.Numerical simulation of nitrogen assisted cyclic steam stimulation for super heavy oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(2):76-78.
[5]向湘兴,陈静,侯军伟,等.克拉玛依油田稠油油藏氮气泡沫驱应用[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(1):76-80.XIANG Xiangxing,CHEN Jing,HOU Junwei,et al.Application of nitrogen foam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs in Karamay oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(1):76-80.
[6]林辉.稠油油藏注蒸汽和气体复合开采技术研究[D].黑龙江大庆:东北石油大学,2013.LIN Hui.Rseearch on enhance heavy oil recovery by cyclic steam and gas co-stimulation[D].Daqing,Heilongjiang:Northeast Petroleum University,2013.
[7]王卓飞,霍进,吴平,等.克拉玛依油九6区注蒸汽加烟道气数值模拟[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):433-435.WANG Zhuofei,HUO Jin,WU Ping,et al.A numerical simulation study of steam injection assisted with flue gas in district No.9 of Karamay oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(5):433-435.
[8]杜殿发,郭青,王青,等.特稠油油藏注氮气可行性分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(6):75-79.DU Dianfa,GUO Qing,WANG Qing,et al.Feasibility analysis of nitrogen-assisted steam stimulation in super-heavy oil reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(6):75-79.
[9]SVRCEK W Y,MEHROTRA A K.Gas solubility,viscosity and density measurements for Athabasca bitumen[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1982,19(6):31-38.
[10]范耀,刘易非,茹婷,等.稠油高温气体辅助蒸汽驱的可行性研究[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):530-532.FAN Yao,LIU Yifei,RU Ting,et al.A feasibility study on exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs by high temperature compound gas drive[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(5):530-532.
[11]DONG M,HUANG S.Flue gas injection for heavy oil recovery[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2002,41(9):44-50.
[12]MONTE-MOR L S,LABOISSIERE P,TREVISAN O V,et al.Laboratory study on steam and flue gas co-injection for heavy oil recovery[R].SPE Heavy Oil Conference Canada Held in Calgary,Canada,2013.
[13]DU Y,WANG Y,JIANG P,et al.Mechanism and feasibility study of nitrogen assisted cyclic steam stimulation for ultra-heavy oil reservoir[R].SPE Enhance Oil Recovery Conference in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia,2013.
[14]张志东,徐君,李菊花.深层稠油油藏注天然气吞吐提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014.ZHANG Zhidong,XU Jun,LI Juhua.Technology of gas injection enhanced oil recovery in deep heavy oil reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.
[15]杨胜来,魏俊之.油层物理学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.YANG Shenglai,WEI Junzhi.Physics of petroleum reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[16]庞占喜,程林松,陈月飞,等.常规稠油底水油藏氮气泡沫控制水锥技术研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):99-103.PANG Zhanxi,CHENG Linsong,CHEN Yuefei,et al.Study on nitrogen foam anti-water-coning technology for conventional heavy oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):99-103.
[17]杨元亮,沈国华,宋文芳,等.注氮气控制稠油油藏底水水锥技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,29(3):83-88.YANG Yuanliang,SHEN Guohua,SONG Wenfang,et al.Nitrogen injection technique for controlling bottom water coning in heavy oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,29(3):83-88.