3种基因型芹菜修复DDT老化污染农田土壤初探
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摘要
为了筛选出适于修复DDT污染土壤的芹菜品种,以两个污染水平[低污染水平:(46.0±2.8)μg·kg~(-1)、高污染水平:(72.2±3.0)μg·kg~(-1)]的老化DDT污染农田土壤为研究对象,选定3种基因型芹菜——西芹(Apium graveolens Linn)、美国红芹(Rubrum apium)、中华药芹(Libanotis seseloides Turcz)为修复植物对污染土壤进行实际修复试验,3个月后,采用GC-ECD对芹菜根际土中DDT质量分数进行测定。结果发现,3种不同基因型芹菜皆对老化DDT污染土壤均有一定修复作用,西芹对DDT污染的去除率最高,在高、低两种污染水平下的去除率分别为48.8%和39.41%;美国红芹在高、低两种污染水平下有较为稳定的DDT去除率,分别为33.96%和35.14%。ANOVA方差分析表明,芹菜在不同污染水平下对DDT的修复效果存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。DDT主要富集在芹菜地下部分(根系)。3种芹菜根际土中多酚氧化酶活性以中华药芹为最高,转化酶活性以西芹为最高;Pearson双变量相关性分析发现,转化酶相对于多酚氧化酶更有利于指示DDT的去除效果。此外,美国红芹对于高污染水平土壤有较好的DDT富集性去除稳定性,可以作为富集植物对其最大耐受程度作进一步研究;西芹对DDT存在较好的生物去除效果且无显著富集性,可实现"边修复边生产",同时其对土壤酶有一定促进作用,在未来生物修复DDT污染土壤实际应用中具有较大潜力。
In this study, we selected a greenhouse as the experimental site which contained 2 levels DDTs contaminated [low concentration:(46.0±2.8) μg·kg~(-1) and high concentration:(72.2±3.0) μg·kg~(-1)] and explored on the remediation effects of 3 celery species(Apium graveolens Linn, Rubrum apium and Libanotis seseloides Turcz). After 90 days, GC-ECD method was used for the analyzed of DDT, the results showed that all the celery had certain remediation effect, the Apium graveolens with the highest DDT degradation rate of 48.8% and 39.41%, respectively. The response of Rubrum apium was more stable, the degradation rate was 33.96% and 35.14%, respectively. The difference in 2 concentrations levels were significant with ANOVA analysis(P<0.05). The DDT in underground part was higher than the above-ground. The PPO activity in rhizosphere soil of Libanotis seseloides Turcz was the highest, and the INV activity in rhizosphere soil of the Apium graveolen was the highest. With the Pearson correlation coefficient, INV activity could be set as a microecological index during the remediation process. In addition, Rubrum apium have a strong ability of up-take DDT although with a high concentration, so it is a valuable research that the maximum tolerance of the Rubrum apium. Apium graveolens has the ability of low enrichment and the highest DDT degradation which is positive to be used in phytoremediation, so it has great potential in the future.
In this study, we selected a greenhouse as the experimental site which contained 2 levels DDTs contaminated [low concentration:(46.0±2.8) μg·kg~(-1) and high concentration:(72.2±3.0) μg·kg~(-1)] and explored on the remediation effects of 3 celery species(Apium graveolens Linn, Rubrum apium and Libanotis seseloides Turcz). After 90 days, GC-ECD method was used for the analyzed of DDT, the results showed that all the celery had certain remediation effect, the Apium graveolens with the highest DDT degradation rate of 48.8% and 39.41%, respectively. The response of Rubrum apium was more stable, the degradation rate was 33.96% and 35.14%, respectively. The difference in 2 concentrations levels were significant with ANOVA analysis(P<0.05). The DDT in underground part was higher than the above-ground. The PPO activity in rhizosphere soil of Libanotis seseloides Turcz was the highest, and the INV activity in rhizosphere soil of the Apium graveolen was the highest. With the Pearson correlation coefficient, INV activity could be set as a microecological index during the remediation process. In addition, Rubrum apium have a strong ability of up-take DDT although with a high concentration, so it is a valuable research that the maximum tolerance of the Rubrum apium. Apium graveolens has the ability of low enrichment and the highest DDT degradation which is positive to be used in phytoremediation, so it has great potential in the future.
引文
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MANSOURI A,CREGUT M,ABBES C,et al.2017.The Environmental Issues of DDT Pollution and Bioremediation:a Multidisciplinary Review[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,181(1):309-339.
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YI H,CROWLEY D E.2007.Biostimulation of PAH Degradation with Plants Containing High Concentrations of Linoleic Acid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,41(12):4382-4388.
陈苏,单岳,晁雷,等.2016.表面活性剂-微生物联合修复滴滴涕污染土壤的研究[J].生态环境学报,25(9):1522-1527.
高艳菲.2011.六六六和滴滴涕污染场地土壤的修复[D].南京:南京农业大学.
GB18406.1-2001.2005.农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
侯梅芳,潘栋宇,黄赛花,等.2014.微生物修复土壤多环芳烃污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(7):1233-1238.
吕良禾,张鸿龄,陈宗聪,等.2017.表面活性剂强化油菜-微生物联合修复滴滴涕污染农田土壤研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,33(8):755-761.
吕良禾.2017.DDT污染土壤表面活性剂强化植物-微生物联合修复技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学.
屈伟月.2007.广东省特殊人群血液和母乳中多溴联苯醚、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的初步研究[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院广州地球化学研究所.
孙丽娜,吕良禾,张鸿龄.2016.滴滴涕污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].沈阳大学学报:自然科学版,28(6):446-451.
王洪,李海波,孙铁珩,等.2011.生物修复PAHs污染土壤对酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,20(4):691-695.
王辉,王晓旭,孙丽娜,等.2017.血粉刺激修复DDT污染农田土壤的现场实验[J].中国环境科学,37(2):654-660.
王晓旭,孙丽娜,吴昊,等.2016.表面活性剂强化球形节杆菌修复DDT污染农田土壤的现场实验[J].环境工程学报,10(11):6768-6774.
王亚男,程立娟,周启星.2016.萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析[J].环境科学,37(5):1978-1985.
王亚男,程立娟,周启星.2016.植物修复石油烃污染土壤的机制[J].生态学杂志,35(4):1080-1088.
王玉红.2006.紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)对有机氯农药DDT污染土壤的修复研究[D].南京:南京林业大学.
杨乐巍,黄国强,李鑫钢.2006.土壤气相抽提(SVE)技术研究进展[J]环境保护科学,32(6):62-65.
张娟,刘燕.2016.植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,39(6):110-116.
郑学昊,孙丽娜,刘克斌,等.2018.根际促生菌及木质素对持久性有机污染土壤修复的调控和酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,37(6):1807-1814.
郑学昊,孙丽娜,王晓旭,等.2017.植物-微生物联合修复PAHs污染土壤的调控措施对比研究[J].生态环境学报,26(2):323-327.
朱利中.2012.有机污染物界面行为调控技术及其应用[J].环境科学学报,32(11):2641-2649.
朱治强.2012.Cd-DDT复合污染土壤的植物与微生物联合修复及机理[D].杭州:浙江大学.
GARCIA C,ROLDAN A,HEINANDEZ T,2005.Ability of different plant species to promote microbiological processes in semiarid soil[J].Geoderma,124(1):193-202.
HUANG H G,YU N,WANG L J,et al.2011.The phytoremediation potential of bioenergy crop Ricinus communis for DDT and cadmium co-contaminated soil[J].Bioresource Technology,102(23):11034-11038.
LUNNEY A I,AND B A Z,REIMER K J.2004.Uptake of Weathered DDTin Vascular Plants:?Potential for Phytoremediation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,38(22):6147-6154.
MANSOURI A,CREGUT M,ABBES C,et al.2017.The Environmental Issues of DDT Pollution and Bioremediation:a Multidisciplinary Review[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,181(1):309-339.
WANG X,SUN L,WANG H,et al.2017.Surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of DDT and PAHs in contaminated farmland soil[J].Environmental Technology,39(13):1733-1744.
WEI J,ZHANG X,LIU X,et al.2017.Influence of root components of celery on pyrene bioaccessibility,soil enzymes and microbial communities in pyrene and pyrene-diesel spiked soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,599-600:50-57.
WU L P,ZHOU X L,ZHAO D Y,et al.2016.Seasonal variation and exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China during 2010-2014[J].Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,58:1-9.
YI H,CROWLEY D E.2007.Biostimulation of PAH Degradation with Plants Containing High Concentrations of Linoleic Acid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,41(12):4382-4388.
陈苏,单岳,晁雷,等.2016.表面活性剂-微生物联合修复滴滴涕污染土壤的研究[J].生态环境学报,25(9):1522-1527.
高艳菲.2011.六六六和滴滴涕污染场地土壤的修复[D].南京:南京农业大学.
GB18406.1-2001.2005.农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
侯梅芳,潘栋宇,黄赛花,等.2014.微生物修复土壤多环芳烃污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(7):1233-1238.
吕良禾,张鸿龄,陈宗聪,等.2017.表面活性剂强化油菜-微生物联合修复滴滴涕污染农田土壤研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,33(8):755-761.
吕良禾.2017.DDT污染土壤表面活性剂强化植物-微生物联合修复技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学.
屈伟月.2007.广东省特殊人群血液和母乳中多溴联苯醚、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的初步研究[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院广州地球化学研究所.
孙丽娜,吕良禾,张鸿龄.2016.滴滴涕污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].沈阳大学学报:自然科学版,28(6):446-451.
王洪,李海波,孙铁珩,等.2011.生物修复PAHs污染土壤对酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,20(4):691-695.
王辉,王晓旭,孙丽娜,等.2017.血粉刺激修复DDT污染农田土壤的现场实验[J].中国环境科学,37(2):654-660.
王晓旭,孙丽娜,吴昊,等.2016.表面活性剂强化球形节杆菌修复DDT污染农田土壤的现场实验[J].环境工程学报,10(11):6768-6774.
王亚男,程立娟,周启星.2016.萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析[J].环境科学,37(5):1978-1985.
王亚男,程立娟,周启星.2016.植物修复石油烃污染土壤的机制[J].生态学杂志,35(4):1080-1088.
王玉红.2006.紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)对有机氯农药DDT污染土壤的修复研究[D].南京:南京林业大学.
杨乐巍,黄国强,李鑫钢.2006.土壤气相抽提(SVE)技术研究进展[J]环境保护科学,32(6):62-65.
张娟,刘燕.2016.植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,39(6):110-116.
郑学昊,孙丽娜,刘克斌,等.2018.根际促生菌及木质素对持久性有机污染土壤修复的调控和酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,37(6):1807-1814.
郑学昊,孙丽娜,王晓旭,等.2017.植物-微生物联合修复PAHs污染土壤的调控措施对比研究[J].生态环境学报,26(2):323-327.
朱利中.2012.有机污染物界面行为调控技术及其应用[J].环境科学学报,32(11):2641-2649.
朱治强.2012.Cd-DDT复合污染土壤的植物与微生物联合修复及机理[D].杭州:浙江大学.