中国建成区绿地率区域差异的多尺度分析
|
摘要
建成区绿地率区域差异具有显著的尺度依赖性,基于多尺度视角对其进行分析、综合研判不同尺度间关系,可更确切且全面地揭示其特征,为探寻最佳研究尺度,以及制定兼具差异化和协调性的城市绿地建设决策提供科学依据。综合运用标准差、变异系数、锡尔指数和尺度方差等方法,将地带、省、市3个尺度纳入统一的分析框架,探究1996—2015年中国建成区绿地率区域差异。1)差异测度研究表明,自1996年以来,我国建成区绿地率区域差异在3个尺度上长期存在,均呈现缩小趋势,并表现出明显的尺度效应。2)尺度方差分解结果显示,建成区绿地率尺度方差及构成由大到小依次为市级、省级、地带级,即尺度越小,其尺度方差越大,对区域差异的贡献份额越大。
The regional difference of green rate of built district reflects significant scale dependency. Based on the multiscale perspective, it is more accurate and comprehensive to reveal its characteristics of the different scales and the relationship between different scales, and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate the policy of differentiation and coordination. This paper uses the research methods such as standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Theil Indices and scale variance, and brings the three scales of region, province and city into a unified analytical framework. The result shows that: 1) The regional differences of three scales of green rate of built district in China have been existed for a long time since 1996, and they all show a decreasing trend and obvious scale effect. 2) The smaller the scale, the larger the scale variance, and the greater contribution to regional difference. The scale variance and composition of green rate of built district from large to small are the scale of city, province and region.
The regional difference of green rate of built district reflects significant scale dependency. Based on the multiscale perspective, it is more accurate and comprehensive to reveal its characteristics of the different scales and the relationship between different scales, and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate the policy of differentiation and coordination. This paper uses the research methods such as standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Theil Indices and scale variance, and brings the three scales of region, province and city into a unified analytical framework. The result shows that: 1) The regional differences of three scales of green rate of built district in China have been existed for a long time since 1996, and they all show a decreasing trend and obvious scale effect. 2) The smaller the scale, the larger the scale variance, and the greater contribution to regional difference. The scale variance and composition of green rate of built district from large to small are the scale of city, province and region.
引文
[1]陈涛,李志刚,车生泉.上海市社区绿地空间格局调查及对比分析:以瑞金社区、莘城社区、方松社区为例[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2014,32(6):52-57.
[2]于亚平,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络格局时空变化分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1608-1616.
[3]刘铁冬,张佳佳,李羽佳.基于GIS技术的城市绿地景观格局动态变化:以哈尔滨市主城区为例[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):65-68;74.
[4]Rafiee R,Mahiny A S,Khorasani N.Assessment of changes in urban green spaces of Mashad city using satellite data[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2009,11(6):431-438.
[5]刘滨谊,吴敏.“网络效能”与城市绿地生态网络空间格局形态的关联分析[J].中国园林,2012,28(10):66-70.
[6]刘晖,薛立尧,王芳.西安城市公园绿地形态演变语境与模式[J].风景园林,2012,21(2):22-27.
[7]谢军飞,李延明,郭佳.北京城市公共绿地景观格局分析[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):194-198.
[8]Nurbaya A,Zain A F M,Djakapermana R D.Study of distribution and slope aspect approach to increase public green open space on Special Capital Region of Jakarta using high resolution imagery[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2016,227(7):574-582.
[9]姚崇怀,李德玺.绿容积率及其确定机制[J].中国园林,2015,31(9):5-11.
[10]肖希,李敏.绿斑密度:高密度城市绿地规划布局适用指标研究:以澳门半岛为例[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):97-102.
[11]张浪.城市绿地系统布局结构模式的对比研究[J].中国园林,2015,31(4):50-54.
[12]郭春华.基于绿地空间形态生成机制的城市绿地系统规划研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[13]王绍增,李敏.城市开敞空间规划的生态机理研究(上)[J].中国园林,2001,17(4):5-9.
[14]王绍增,李敏.城市开敞空间规划的生态机理研究(下)[J].中国园林,2001,17(5):32-36.
[15]万敏,胡锦洲,瞿娜娜.绿网城市理论及其武汉在地实践[J].中国园林,2017,33(2):5-13.
[16]刘颂,刘蕾.再论我国市域绿地的管控[J].风景园林,2015,22(5):38-43.
[17]周媛,石铁矛,胡远满,等.基于城市气候环境特征的绿地景观格局优化研究[J].城市规划,2014,38(5):83-89.
[18]周聪惠,成玉宁.基于空间关联量化模型的公园绿地布局调适方法[J].中国园林,2016,32(6):40-45.
[19]申世广,王浩,荚德平,等.基于GIS的常州市绿地适宜性评价方法研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(4):72-76.
[20]潘剑彬,李树华.北京城市公园绿地热舒适度空间格局特征研究[J].中国园林,2015,31(10):91-95.
[21]赵兵,李露露,曹林.基于GIS的城市公园绿地服务范围分析及布局优化研究:以花桥国际商务城为例[J].中国园林,2015,31(6):95-99.
[22]李方正,王瑞琦,李雄,等.中国城市绿化发展的空间差异及成因分析:基于289个地级市数据的实证研究[C]//中国风景园林学会.中国风景园林学会2017年会论文集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:298-302.
[23]Sun J Y,Wang X H,Chen A P,et al.NDVIindicated characteristics of vegetation cover change in China's metropolises over the last three decades[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,179(1-4):1-14.
[24]Kabisch N,Haase D.Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990~2006[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2013,110(2):113-122.
[25]韩旭,唐永琼,陈烈.我国城市绿地建设水平的区域差异研究[J].规划师,2008,24(7):96-101.
[26]刘志强,王俊帝.基于锡尔系数的中国城市绿地建设水平区域差异实证分析[J].中国园林,2015,31(3):81-85.
[27]伍伯妍,钟全林,程栋梁,等.中国城市绿地空间分布特征及其影响因素研究[J].沈阳大学学报:社会科学版,2012,14(2):13-16.
[28]Levin S A.The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology[M].Ecological Time Series,Springer US,1992:1943-1967.
[29]Wu J G,Jelinski D E,Luck M,et al.Multiscale Analysis of Landscape Heterogeneity:Scale Variance and Pattern Metrics[J].Geographic Information Sciences,2000,6(1):6-19.
[30]Yue W,Xu J,Xu L,et al.Spatial variance characters of urban synthesis pattern indices at different scales[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(11):2053.
[31]陈培阳,朱喜钢.基于不同尺度的中国区域经济差异[J].地理学报,2012,67(8):1085-1097.
[32]胡伟艳,刘恬.建设占用耕地空间差异的多尺度特征研究:以武汉城市圈为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(5):38-46.
[33]丁志伟,张改素,王发曾.中原地区多尺度城乡收入的时空分异[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):131-148.
(1)至2015年底,我国共设城市656个,因数据不全剔除了39个城市,包括地级市14个:三沙、来宾、崇左、眉山、广安、丽江、临沧、定西、陇南、海东、固原、中卫、昌都和林芝;县级市25个:临安、共青城、扶余、东宁、靖西、康定、马尔康、仁怀、福泉、蒙自、文山、芒市、弥勒、香格里拉、腾冲、玉树、阿拉山口、阿拉尔、图木舒克、五家渠、北屯、铁门关、双河、霍尔果斯和可克达拉。
[2]于亚平,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络格局时空变化分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1608-1616.
[3]刘铁冬,张佳佳,李羽佳.基于GIS技术的城市绿地景观格局动态变化:以哈尔滨市主城区为例[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):65-68;74.
[4]Rafiee R,Mahiny A S,Khorasani N.Assessment of changes in urban green spaces of Mashad city using satellite data[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2009,11(6):431-438.
[5]刘滨谊,吴敏.“网络效能”与城市绿地生态网络空间格局形态的关联分析[J].中国园林,2012,28(10):66-70.
[6]刘晖,薛立尧,王芳.西安城市公园绿地形态演变语境与模式[J].风景园林,2012,21(2):22-27.
[7]谢军飞,李延明,郭佳.北京城市公共绿地景观格局分析[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):194-198.
[8]Nurbaya A,Zain A F M,Djakapermana R D.Study of distribution and slope aspect approach to increase public green open space on Special Capital Region of Jakarta using high resolution imagery[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2016,227(7):574-582.
[9]姚崇怀,李德玺.绿容积率及其确定机制[J].中国园林,2015,31(9):5-11.
[10]肖希,李敏.绿斑密度:高密度城市绿地规划布局适用指标研究:以澳门半岛为例[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):97-102.
[11]张浪.城市绿地系统布局结构模式的对比研究[J].中国园林,2015,31(4):50-54.
[12]郭春华.基于绿地空间形态生成机制的城市绿地系统规划研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[13]王绍增,李敏.城市开敞空间规划的生态机理研究(上)[J].中国园林,2001,17(4):5-9.
[14]王绍增,李敏.城市开敞空间规划的生态机理研究(下)[J].中国园林,2001,17(5):32-36.
[15]万敏,胡锦洲,瞿娜娜.绿网城市理论及其武汉在地实践[J].中国园林,2017,33(2):5-13.
[16]刘颂,刘蕾.再论我国市域绿地的管控[J].风景园林,2015,22(5):38-43.
[17]周媛,石铁矛,胡远满,等.基于城市气候环境特征的绿地景观格局优化研究[J].城市规划,2014,38(5):83-89.
[18]周聪惠,成玉宁.基于空间关联量化模型的公园绿地布局调适方法[J].中国园林,2016,32(6):40-45.
[19]申世广,王浩,荚德平,等.基于GIS的常州市绿地适宜性评价方法研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(4):72-76.
[20]潘剑彬,李树华.北京城市公园绿地热舒适度空间格局特征研究[J].中国园林,2015,31(10):91-95.
[21]赵兵,李露露,曹林.基于GIS的城市公园绿地服务范围分析及布局优化研究:以花桥国际商务城为例[J].中国园林,2015,31(6):95-99.
[22]李方正,王瑞琦,李雄,等.中国城市绿化发展的空间差异及成因分析:基于289个地级市数据的实证研究[C]//中国风景园林学会.中国风景园林学会2017年会论文集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:298-302.
[23]Sun J Y,Wang X H,Chen A P,et al.NDVIindicated characteristics of vegetation cover change in China's metropolises over the last three decades[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,179(1-4):1-14.
[24]Kabisch N,Haase D.Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990~2006[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2013,110(2):113-122.
[25]韩旭,唐永琼,陈烈.我国城市绿地建设水平的区域差异研究[J].规划师,2008,24(7):96-101.
[26]刘志强,王俊帝.基于锡尔系数的中国城市绿地建设水平区域差异实证分析[J].中国园林,2015,31(3):81-85.
[27]伍伯妍,钟全林,程栋梁,等.中国城市绿地空间分布特征及其影响因素研究[J].沈阳大学学报:社会科学版,2012,14(2):13-16.
[28]Levin S A.The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology[M].Ecological Time Series,Springer US,1992:1943-1967.
[29]Wu J G,Jelinski D E,Luck M,et al.Multiscale Analysis of Landscape Heterogeneity:Scale Variance and Pattern Metrics[J].Geographic Information Sciences,2000,6(1):6-19.
[30]Yue W,Xu J,Xu L,et al.Spatial variance characters of urban synthesis pattern indices at different scales[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(11):2053.
[31]陈培阳,朱喜钢.基于不同尺度的中国区域经济差异[J].地理学报,2012,67(8):1085-1097.
[32]胡伟艳,刘恬.建设占用耕地空间差异的多尺度特征研究:以武汉城市圈为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(5):38-46.
[33]丁志伟,张改素,王发曾.中原地区多尺度城乡收入的时空分异[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):131-148.
(1)至2015年底,我国共设城市656个,因数据不全剔除了39个城市,包括地级市14个:三沙、来宾、崇左、眉山、广安、丽江、临沧、定西、陇南、海东、固原、中卫、昌都和林芝;县级市25个:临安、共青城、扶余、东宁、靖西、康定、马尔康、仁怀、福泉、蒙自、文山、芒市、弥勒、香格里拉、腾冲、玉树、阿拉山口、阿拉尔、图木舒克、五家渠、北屯、铁门关、双河、霍尔果斯和可克达拉。