微米/纳米SiC影响下非平衡凝固镁合金形核及组织细化
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摘要
采用真空感应熔炼与阶梯铜模喷铸相结合,制备出微米/纳米Si C参与下快冷镁合金,研究SiC尺寸对非平衡凝固镁合金异质形核及组织细化的影响。结果表明:冷速的提高与Si C的添加共同促进镁合金的复合细化,其中铜模喷铸条件下微米SiC的细化效果更佳。当铜模内径d_i=4 mm,添加2%的微米Si C(质量分数)后快冷镁合金平均晶粒尺寸减小到5μm以内。经(400℃, 2 h)等温固溶处理后,快冷合金晶界处的离异共晶β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相消失,初生α-Mg晶粒由细小蔷薇状向多边形组织发生转变。通过枝晶生长与溶质截留模型的理论计算,铜模喷铸条件下获得的过冷度范围为67～80K,所对应的临界形核半径为0.115～0.116μm,因此,更有利于微米Si C对镁合金的组织细化。
With the combination of vacuum induction melting and spray casting by step copper mould, rapid cooled magnesium alloys containing micro/nano SiC were fabricated, and then the influence of particle size of Si C on heterogeneous nucleation and microstructure refinement was investigated. The results show that both the increase of cooling rate and the addition of SiC promote grain refinement of magnesium alloy, whereas, the effect of SiC with micron size is better than that with nano under spray casting condition. As for the copper mould with inner diameter d_i=4 mm, the addition of 2% micron SiC generates the reduction of average grain size within 5 μm. After solid solution treatment at400 ℃ for 2 h, the grain morphology of primary α-Mg phase transits from fine rosette to polygon, accompanied by the disappearance of divorced eutectic β-Mg_(17) Al_(12) phase at grain boundary. According to the theoretical calculation of dendrite growth and solute trapping model, the obtained undercooling range for spray casting is 67-80 K,which corresponds to the critical nucleation radius with 0.115-0.116 μm. Consequently, SiC particle with micron size is advantageous for microstructure refinement.
With the combination of vacuum induction melting and spray casting by step copper mould, rapid cooled magnesium alloys containing micro/nano SiC were fabricated, and then the influence of particle size of Si C on heterogeneous nucleation and microstructure refinement was investigated. The results show that both the increase of cooling rate and the addition of SiC promote grain refinement of magnesium alloy, whereas, the effect of SiC with micron size is better than that with nano under spray casting condition. As for the copper mould with inner diameter d_i=4 mm, the addition of 2% micron SiC generates the reduction of average grain size within 5 μm. After solid solution treatment at400 ℃ for 2 h, the grain morphology of primary α-Mg phase transits from fine rosette to polygon, accompanied by the disappearance of divorced eutectic β-Mg_(17) Al_(12) phase at grain boundary. According to the theoretical calculation of dendrite growth and solute trapping model, the obtained undercooling range for spray casting is 67-80 K,which corresponds to the critical nucleation radius with 0.115-0.116 μm. Consequently, SiC particle with micron size is advantageous for microstructure refinement.
引文
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[22]WANG H F,LIU F,CHEN Z,YANG G C,ZHOU Y H.Analysis of non-equilibrium dendrite growth in a bulk undercooled alloy melt:Model and application[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(2):497-506.
[23]胡耀波,杨生伟,姚青山,潘复生.挤压比及Mn含量对Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-x Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017,46(1):135-142.HU Yao-bo,YANG Sheng-wei,YAO Qing-shan.PAN Fu-sheng.Effects of extrusion ratio and Mn content on microstructure and properties of Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-x Mn magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017,46(1):135-142.
[24]LI M,TAMURA T,MIWA K.Controlling microstructures of AZ31 magnesium alloys by an electromagnetic vibration technique during solidification:From experimental observation to theoretical understanding[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(14):4635-4643.
[25]MONTIEL D,GUREVICH S,OFORI-OPOKU N,PROVATASN.Characterization of late-stage equiaxed solidification of alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2014,77:183-190.
[2]杨文朋,郭学锋,梁世何.Ce对往复挤压-低温正挤压Mg-Zn-Ce合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(12):3336-3343.YANG Wen-peng,GUO Xue-feng,LIANG Shi-he.Effects of Ce on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ce alloys processed by reciprocating extrusion and low-temperature forward extrusion[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(12):3336-3343.
[3]王长义.AZ91HP镁合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为与断裂机理[J].失效分析与预防,2015,10(2):87-91.WANG Chang-yi.Fatigue crack propagation behavior and mechanism of AZ91HP magnesium alloy[J].Failure Analysis and Prevention,2015,10(2):87-91.
[4]梁键能,林翠.温度对AZ91D镁合金初期大气腐蚀行为的影响[J].失效分析与预防,2009,4(1):1-6.LIANG Jian-neng,LIN Cui.Influence of temperature initial atmospheric corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy[J].Failure Analysis and Prevention,2009,4(1):1-6.
[5]王文礼,张薇,雷宁宁,王杰.稀土元素Sm、Ce对Mg-Y系合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016,45(6):1473-1476.WANG Wen-li,ZHANG Wei,LEI Ning-ning,WANG Jie.Effect of Sm and Ce addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Y series magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2016,45(6):1473-1476.
[6]杨伟,殷海眯,商景利,王祥,刘吕果.SiC颗粒参与下快冷镁合金异质形核与高温晶粒长大[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(2):243-250.YANG Wei,YIN Hai-mi,SHANG Jing-1i,WANG Xiang,LIULü-guo.Heterogeneous nucleation and grain growth at high temperature for quenched magnesium alloy containing SiCparticle[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(2):243-250.
[7]GUNTHER R,HARTIG C,BORMANN R.Grain refinement of AZ31 by(SiC)P:Theoretical calculation and experiment[J].Acta Materialia,2006,54(20):5591-5597.
[8]LUO A.Processing,microstructure,and mechanical behavior of cast magnesium metal matrix composites[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1995,26:2445-2455.
[9]CAI Y,TAN M J,SHEN G J,SU H Q.Microstructure and heterogeneous nucleation phenomena in cast SiC particles reinforced magnesium composite[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2000,282(1/2):232-239.
[10]LELITO J,ZAK P,SUCHY J S,KRAJEWSKI W,GREER A L,DARLAK P.试验确定AZ91/SiC复合材料异质形核模型中决定于SiC质量分数和过冷度的晶粒密度函数[J].铸造,2011,60(3):224-228.LELITO J,ZAK P,SUCHY J S,KRAJEWSKI W,GREER AL,DARLAK P.Experimental determination of SiC and undercooling in AZ91/SiC composite heterogeneous nuclation model[J].Foundry,2011,60(3):224-228.
[11]常亚涛,郭学锋,崔红保,原志鹏,朱攀攀.冷却速度对B2-NiSc金属间化合物组织的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(7):1444-1450.CHANG Ya-tao,GUO Xue-feng,CUI Hong-bao,YUANZhi-peng,ZHU Pan-pan.Effect of cooling rate on microstructure evolution of alloy mainly consisted of B2-NiSc intermetallics[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(7):1444-1450.
[12]LIU F,YANG G C.Rapid solidification of highly undercooled bulk liquid superalloy:Recent developments,future directions[J].International Materials Reviews,2006,3:146-170.
[13]余琨,黎文献,王日初,冯艳,吴志文.快速凝固镁合金开发原理及研究进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(7):1025-1033.YU Kun,LI Wen-xian,WANG Ri-chu,FENG Yan,WU Zhi-wen.Research theory and development of rapidly solidified magnesium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(7):1025-1033.
[14]WANG W L,LI Z Q,WEI B.Macrosegregation pattern and microstructure feature of ternary Fe-Sn-Si immiscible alloy solidified under free fall condition[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(14):5482-5493.
[15]GUPTA M,LAI M.Synthesis,microstructure and properties characterization of disintegrated melt deposited Mg/SiCcomposite[J].Journal of Materials Science,2000,35:2155-2165.
[16]MABUCHI M,KUBOTA K,HIGASHI K.High strength and high strain rate super plasticity in a Mg-Mg2Si composite[J].Scripta Metallurgica et Material,1995,33(2):331-335.
[17]QUESTED T E,GREER A L.Athermal heterogeneous nucleation of solidification[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53:2683-2692.
[18]杨伟,陈寿辉,张守银,余欢,严青松,蔡长春.冷却速率对AZ91D镁合金非平衡凝固组织的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(3):593-599.YANG Wei,CHEN Shou-hui,ZHANG Shou-yin,YU Huan,YAN Qin-song,CAI Chang-chun.Effect of cooling rate on non-equilibrium solidified microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(3):593-599.
[19]LIU L,LI J F,ZHOU Y H.Solidification interface morphology pattern in the undercooled Co-24.0at.%Sn eutectic melt[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(14):5558-5567.
[20]WANG H P,YAO W J,WEI B.A remarkable solute trapping within rapidly growing dendrites[J].Applied Physics Letters,2006,89(20):201905.
[21]KURZ W,GIOVANOLA B,TRIVEDI R.Theory of microstructural development during rapid solidification[J].Acta Metallurgica,1986,34(5):823-830.
[22]WANG H F,LIU F,CHEN Z,YANG G C,ZHOU Y H.Analysis of non-equilibrium dendrite growth in a bulk undercooled alloy melt:Model and application[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(2):497-506.
[23]胡耀波,杨生伟,姚青山,潘复生.挤压比及Mn含量对Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-x Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017,46(1):135-142.HU Yao-bo,YANG Sheng-wei,YAO Qing-shan.PAN Fu-sheng.Effects of extrusion ratio and Mn content on microstructure and properties of Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-x Mn magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017,46(1):135-142.
[24]LI M,TAMURA T,MIWA K.Controlling microstructures of AZ31 magnesium alloys by an electromagnetic vibration technique during solidification:From experimental observation to theoretical understanding[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(14):4635-4643.
[25]MONTIEL D,GUREVICH S,OFORI-OPOKU N,PROVATASN.Characterization of late-stage equiaxed solidification of alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2014,77:183-190.