基于DEM的空间流速场构建方法及应用
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摘要
流域各点流速的计算对流域汇流有着重要的影响,提出考虑雨强的曼宁公式计算方法,构建空间流速场,使汇流计算更加精确。该计算方法充分考虑了地形地貌、水力条件以及降雨强度对流速的影响,对比于曼宁公式计算方法,其计算条件更趋于实际情况。通过流速计算构建出的空间流速场,推导流域汇流时间概率密度分布函数即地貌瞬时单位线,将其应用于万泉河水系内定安河流域,结果表明考虑雨强的曼宁公式计算方法推求出的洪水过程线优于曼宁公式计算方法。
The calculation of flow velocity at each point in the basin has an important influence on the basin confluence. A calculation method of Manning formula considering rainfall intensity is proposed to construct the spatial velocity field so as to make the calculation of confluence more accurate. The calculation method considering the topography,hydraulic conditions and the influence of rainfall intensity on velocity,the comparative calculation method of Manning Formula,the calculation condition is more practical. Based on the spatial velocity field constructed by velocity calculation,the time probability density distribution function of watershed confluence,i. e. the geo-morphological instantaneous unit line,is deduced and applied to the Dingan River Basin in Wanquan River System. The results show that the flood process line calculated by the Manning Formula considering the rainfall intensity is better than that calculated by the Manning Formula.
The calculation of flow velocity at each point in the basin has an important influence on the basin confluence. A calculation method of Manning formula considering rainfall intensity is proposed to construct the spatial velocity field so as to make the calculation of confluence more accurate. The calculation method considering the topography,hydraulic conditions and the influence of rainfall intensity on velocity,the comparative calculation method of Manning Formula,the calculation condition is more practical. Based on the spatial velocity field constructed by velocity calculation,the time probability density distribution function of watershed confluence,i. e. the geo-morphological instantaneous unit line,is deduced and applied to the Dingan River Basin in Wanquan River System. The results show that the flood process line calculated by the Manning Formula considering the rainfall intensity is better than that calculated by the Manning Formula.
引文
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[12]孔凡哲,芮孝芳,李燕.基于空间分布流速场的单位线推求及应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):485-488.
[13]赵小娥,魏琳,曹叔尤,等.强降雨条件下坡面流的水动力学特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):45-47.
[14]Molnar,Peter,Ramirez,Jorge A.Energy dissipation theories and optimal channel characteristics of river networks[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(7):1 809-1 818.
[15]邹霞,宋星原,袁迪,等.基于地貌瞬时单位线的缺资料小流域水文预报[J].人民黄河,2015,37(1):11-14.
[16]纪小敏,陈颖冰,谢海文,等.江苏省无资料山丘区洛阳河流域径流模拟方法探讨[J].水文,2018,38(3):57-61.
[17]陈颖冰,石朋,瞿思敏,等.基于等价地貌参数的地貌单位线确定方法[J].水电能源科学,2017(5):18-20.
[2]芮孝芳.地貌瞬时单位线研究进展[J].水科学进展,1999,10(3):345-350.
[3]Rodriguez-Iturbe I,Devoto G,ValdS J B.Discharge response analysis and hydrologic similarity:The interrelation between the geomorphologic IUH and the storm characteristics[J].Water Resources Research,1979,15(6):1 435-1 444.
[4]Gupta V K,Waymire E,Wang C T.A representation of an instantaneous unit hydrograph from geomorphology[J].Water Resources Research,1980,16(5):855-862.
[5]芮孝芳.地貌瞬时单位线理论的若干评论[J].水科学进展,1991,2(3):194-200.
[6]沈慧.基于流域空间信息集成的流速场与单位线估计[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.
[7]Maidment D R,Olivera F,Calver A,et al.Unit hydrograph derived from a spatially distributed velocity field[J].Hydrological processes,1996,10(6):831-844.
[8]Muzik I.GIS derived distributed unit hydrograph,a new tool for flood modeling[Z].CIVIL-COMP PRESS,EDINBURGH,EH 3 5 BR(UK).,1995:243-247.
[9]Melesse A M,Graham W D,Jordan J D.Spatially Distributed Watershed Mapping and Modeling:GIS-based Storm Runoff and Hydrograph Analysis:(part 2)[J].Journal of Spatial Hydrology,2003,3(2):1-28.
[10]石朋.网格型松散结构分布式水文模型及地貌瞬时单位线研究[D].南京:河海大学,2006.
[11]石朋,芮孝芳,陈喜.分布式水文模型及地貌瞬时单位线研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[12]孔凡哲,芮孝芳,李燕.基于空间分布流速场的单位线推求及应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):485-488.
[13]赵小娥,魏琳,曹叔尤,等.强降雨条件下坡面流的水动力学特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):45-47.
[14]Molnar,Peter,Ramirez,Jorge A.Energy dissipation theories and optimal channel characteristics of river networks[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(7):1 809-1 818.
[15]邹霞,宋星原,袁迪,等.基于地貌瞬时单位线的缺资料小流域水文预报[J].人民黄河,2015,37(1):11-14.
[16]纪小敏,陈颖冰,谢海文,等.江苏省无资料山丘区洛阳河流域径流模拟方法探讨[J].水文,2018,38(3):57-61.
[17]陈颖冰,石朋,瞿思敏,等.基于等价地貌参数的地貌单位线确定方法[J].水电能源科学,2017(5):18-20.