黑土区水稻耗需水过程与产量形成及水分利用的响应关系
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摘要
采用U_7(7~6)均匀设计,探索黑土区水稻耗需水过程与产量形成及水分利用响应关系,建立试验区水稻水分生产函数。结果表明,抽穗期耗水量对产量影响最大,乳熟期耗水量影响最低。各时期耗水量对有效穗数影响为:抽穗期>拔节期>乳熟期>分蘖中期>分蘖后期;各时期耗水量对穗粒数影响为:抽穗期>拔节期>乳熟期>分蘖前期;水稻结实率、千粒重对各时期耗水量响应分别为:拔节期>抽穗期>乳熟期>分蘖后期,抽穗期>拔节期>乳熟期>分蘖后期;抽穗期耗水量对WUE正影响显著高于其他阶段;分蘖后期耗水量对WUE呈负影响。选择Jensen、Blank、Stewart和Singh用于水分生产函数地区性验证,确定和平灌区最佳水分生产函数模型为Jensen,分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期为水稻需水敏感期。研究可为黑土区水稻节水灌溉制度制定提供依据。
Using U_7(7~6) uniform design, response relationship of rice yield formation and water use efficiency to water consumption in black soil area were explored, the water production function of rice in the experimental area was established. Results showed that the water consumption at the heading stage had the greatest influence on rice yield, while the water consumption at the milky stage had the lowest effect on it. The effect of water consumption in each period on the effective spike number was represented as the heading stage> the jointing stage> the milky stage> the mid-tillering stage> the late tillering stage; the effect of water consumption in each period on grains per spike was shown as the heading stage> the jointing stage> the milky stage> the early tillering stage; the response relation of water consumption in each period on seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight were represented respectively as the jointing period> the heading stage> the milky stage> the late tillering stage; the heading stage> the jointing stage> the milky stage> the late tillering stage. The positive effect of water consumption at heading stage on water use efficiency(WUE) was significantly higher than other stages,the late tillering stage showed a negative effect on WUE. Jensen model, Blank model, Stewart model and Singh model were validated in order to clarify the water production function of Heping irrigation area, the Jensen model was identified as the optimal water production function in Heping irrigation area, the mid-tillering stage, the jointing stage and the heading stage were determined as moisture-sensitive period of rice. This research work would provide a basis for making water-saving irrigation system for rice in black soil area.
Using U_7(7~6) uniform design, response relationship of rice yield formation and water use efficiency to water consumption in black soil area were explored, the water production function of rice in the experimental area was established. Results showed that the water consumption at the heading stage had the greatest influence on rice yield, while the water consumption at the milky stage had the lowest effect on it. The effect of water consumption in each period on the effective spike number was represented as the heading stage> the jointing stage> the milky stage> the mid-tillering stage> the late tillering stage; the effect of water consumption in each period on grains per spike was shown as the heading stage> the jointing stage> the milky stage> the early tillering stage; the response relation of water consumption in each period on seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight were represented respectively as the jointing period> the heading stage> the milky stage> the late tillering stage; the heading stage> the jointing stage> the milky stage> the late tillering stage. The positive effect of water consumption at heading stage on water use efficiency(WUE) was significantly higher than other stages,the late tillering stage showed a negative effect on WUE. Jensen model, Blank model, Stewart model and Singh model were validated in order to clarify the water production function of Heping irrigation area, the Jensen model was identified as the optimal water production function in Heping irrigation area, the mid-tillering stage, the jointing stage and the heading stage were determined as moisture-sensitive period of rice. This research work would provide a basis for making water-saving irrigation system for rice in black soil area.
引文
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[14]彭致功,刘钰,许迪,等.基于RS数据和GIS方法的冬小麦水分生产函数估算[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):167-171.
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[16]何进宇,田军仓,马波,等.膜下滴灌旱作水稻水分生产函数研究[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(11):41-48.
[17]罗玉峰,崔远来,朱秀珍.高斯-牛顿法及其在作物水分生产函数模型参数求解中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2004(1):1-2.
[18]金建华,王仰仁,孙书洪,等.棉花水分敏感指数累积函数研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(7):4-6.
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[20]沈细中,朱良宗,崔远来,等.作物水、肥动态生产函数—修正Morgan模型[J].灌溉排水学报,2001,20(2):17-20.
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[22]王立坤,单玉芬,马永胜,等.黑龙江省西部半干旱区向日葵水分生产函数试验研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(4):33-36.
[23]郑文生,张桂珍,张忠学,等.黑龙江省西部半干旱区玉米水分生产函数建模与评价[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(1):61-65.
[24]水利部农村水利司.水稻节水灌溉技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[25]谢晓金,李秉柏,李映雪,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成要素和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):411-415.
[26]王唯逍,刘小军,田永超,等.不同土壤水分处理对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7053-7060.
[27]程卫国,卢文喜,安永凯.吉林省水稻水分生产函数模型的适应性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(2):61-66.
[28]姚宁.基于CERES-Wheat模型的冬小麦动态水分生产函数研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[29]Blum A.Effective use of water(EUW)and not water-use efficiency(WUE)is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress[J].Field Crops Research,2009,112(2):119-123.
[30]Pandey R K,Maranville J W,Admou A.Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment:I.Grain yield and yield components[J].Agricultural Water Management,2000,46(1):15-27.
[31]Belder P,Bouman B A M,Cabangon R,et al.Effect of watersaving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in asia[J].Agricultural Water Management,2004,65(3):193-210.
[32]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.干旱胁迫时期对水稻产量及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008(2):160-166.
[33]沈维,姚帮松,程峰,等.水稻分蘖期生理耗水量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(22):13-14+39.
[34]柴江颖,崔远来,汪文超,等.鄱阳湖流域水稻水分生产函数模型试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(8):1-4.
[35]韩松俊,刘群昌,王少丽,等.作物水分敏感指数累积函数的改进及其验证[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):83-88.
[36]陈晓楠,黄强,邱林,等.基于遗传程序设计的作物水分生产函数研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):6-9.
[2]彭世彰,蔡敏,孔伟丽,等.不同生育阶段水分亏缺对水稻干物质与产量的影响[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(1):10-13.
[3]迟道才,佟延旭,陈涛涛,等.多生育期不同水分胁迫耦合对水稻产量及水分生产率的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(1):71-77.
[4]杨生龙,王兴盛,强爱玲,等.不同灌溉方式对水稻产量及产量构成因子的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(1):49-51.
[5]汤洪,吕浩正,杨通洲,等.影响水稻结实率的因素及预防对策[J].湖南农业科学,2013(8):17-18,21.
[6]董淑喜,徐淑琴.水分胁迫对寒区水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(6):64-66.
[7]Smilovic M,Gleeson T,Adamowski J.Crop kites:Determining crop-water production functions using crop coefficients and sensitivity indices[J].Advances in Water Resources,2016,97:193-204.
[8]Al-Jamal M S,Sammis T W,Ball S,et al.Computing the crop water production function for onion[J].Agricultural Water Management,2000,46(1):29-41.
[9]Najafi M M H,Alizadeh A,Davari K,et al.Determination of water-salinity production function for two cotton cultivars[J].2012,8(3):672-679.
[10]Dehkordi D K,Kashkuli H A,Naderi A.Estimate of optimum water-yield production function of corn under deficit irrigation and different ratios of superabsorbent in Khouzestan Province of Iran[J].Advances in Environmental Biology,2013,7(9):2279-2282.
[11]Brumbelow K,Georgakakos A.Determining crop-water production functions using yield-irrigation gradient algorithms[J].Agricultural Water Management,2007,87(2):151-161.
[12]侯琼,王海梅,云文丽.基于Jensen模型的内蒙古河套灌区春玉米水分生产函数研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):84-89.
[13]迟道才,王瑄,夏桂敏,等.北方水稻动态水分生产函数研究[J].农业工程学报,2004(3):30-34.
[14]彭致功,刘钰,许迪,等.基于RS数据和GIS方法的冬小麦水分生产函数估算[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):167-171.
[15]张和喜,迟道才,王永涛,等.黔中地区玉米水分生产函数模型适应性评价[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(3):176-179.
[16]何进宇,田军仓,马波,等.膜下滴灌旱作水稻水分生产函数研究[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(11):41-48.
[17]罗玉峰,崔远来,朱秀珍.高斯-牛顿法及其在作物水分生产函数模型参数求解中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2004(1):1-2.
[18]金建华,王仰仁,孙书洪,等.棉花水分敏感指数累积函数研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(7):4-6.
[19]付红.查哈阳灌区水稻水分生产函数模型试验研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2008,39(2):159-162.
[20]沈细中,朱良宗,崔远来,等.作物水、肥动态生产函数—修正Morgan模型[J].灌溉排水学报,2001,20(2):17-20.
[21]崔远来,茆智,李远华.水稻水分生产函数时空变异规律研究[J].水科学进展,2002,13(4):484-491.
[22]王立坤,单玉芬,马永胜,等.黑龙江省西部半干旱区向日葵水分生产函数试验研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(4):33-36.
[23]郑文生,张桂珍,张忠学,等.黑龙江省西部半干旱区玉米水分生产函数建模与评价[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(1):61-65.
[24]水利部农村水利司.水稻节水灌溉技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[25]谢晓金,李秉柏,李映雪,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成要素和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):411-415.
[26]王唯逍,刘小军,田永超,等.不同土壤水分处理对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7053-7060.
[27]程卫国,卢文喜,安永凯.吉林省水稻水分生产函数模型的适应性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(2):61-66.
[28]姚宁.基于CERES-Wheat模型的冬小麦动态水分生产函数研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[29]Blum A.Effective use of water(EUW)and not water-use efficiency(WUE)is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress[J].Field Crops Research,2009,112(2):119-123.
[30]Pandey R K,Maranville J W,Admou A.Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment:I.Grain yield and yield components[J].Agricultural Water Management,2000,46(1):15-27.
[31]Belder P,Bouman B A M,Cabangon R,et al.Effect of watersaving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in asia[J].Agricultural Water Management,2004,65(3):193-210.
[32]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.干旱胁迫时期对水稻产量及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008(2):160-166.
[33]沈维,姚帮松,程峰,等.水稻分蘖期生理耗水量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(22):13-14+39.
[34]柴江颖,崔远来,汪文超,等.鄱阳湖流域水稻水分生产函数模型试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(8):1-4.
[35]韩松俊,刘群昌,王少丽,等.作物水分敏感指数累积函数的改进及其验证[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):83-88.
[36]陈晓楠,黄强,邱林,等.基于遗传程序设计的作物水分生产函数研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):6-9.