蛋白酶对肉鸭菜籽粕标准回肠氨基酸消化率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究蛋白酶对肉鸭菜籽粕标准回肠氨基酸消化率的影响。试验采用套算法进行代谢试验,选用5种不同来源的菜籽粕,菜籽粕替代饲粮比例为15%。选择640只1日龄肉公鸭,随机分为13个处理,其中12个处理(每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只肉鸭)中6个处理为基础饲粮和5个菜籽粕替代基础饲粮的不加酶处理,另外6个为对应的加酶处理(添加200 mg/kg蛋白酶),1个处理为无氮饲粮处理(8个重复,每个重复8只肉鸭)。肉鸭15～17日龄开始饲喂试验饲粮,试验期3 d。结果表明:1) 5种菜籽粕的粗脂肪(EE)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、硫代葡萄糖苷(GS)、异硫氰酸酯(ITC)和噁唑烷硫酮(OZT)含量的平均值分别为8.21%、36.22%、12.96%、38.65%、13.83%、29.89μmol/g、2.74 mg/g和0.45 mg/g。5种菜籽粕的总氨基酸含量分别为32. 97%、37. 77%、28.88%、36. 08%和36. 29%,变异系数为10. 31%;其中赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(M et)、苏氨酸(Thr)含量的平均值分别为1. 95%、0. 47%和1. 89%,变异系数分别为30. 49%、23. 69%和30.65%。2)不同菜籽粕对肉鸭标准回肠氨基酸消化率有显著影响(P <0. 05),其中M et、Lys和Thr的标准回肠消化率平均值为91.04%、66.19%和73.54%。3)添加蛋白酶可显著提高肉鸭菜籽粕必需氨基酸中Thr(6.73%)、异亮氨酸(4.47%)、亮氨酸(3.03%)、缬氨酸(4.60%)和精氨酸(2.36%)以及非必需氨基酸中天冬氨酸(8.46%)、丝氨酸(7.05%)、谷氨酸(5.97%)、甘氨酸(9.38%)、丙氨酸(8.44%)和脯氨酸(3.94%)的标准回肠消化率(P<0.05)。结果提示,不同来源菜籽粕的肉鸭标准回肠氨基酸消化率差异较大,且Met标准回肠消化率较高;蛋白酶对肉鸭菜籽粕标准回肠氨基酸消化率的改进程度与氨基酸种类有关。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of protease on standard ileum amino acid digestibility of rapeseed meal in meat ducks. The metabolic experiment was using a substitution method,selected five rapeseed meals from different sources,and the rapeseed meal replacement ratio was 15%. A total of 640 oneday-old male ducks were randomly divided into 13 treatments,12 treatments( 6 replicates per treatment,8 ducks per replicate) included 6 treatments which were the basal diet and 5 kinds of rapeseed meals replace basal diets with no protease addition,and other 6 treatments were corresponding protease addition treatments( adding200 mg/kg protease),and another set up a nitrogen-free diet treatment( 8 replicates,8 ducks per replicate).Meat ducks were fed experimental diets from 15 to 17 days of age,and the experiment lasted for 3 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average contents of ether extract( EE),crude protein( CP),crude fiber( CF),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF),glucosinolates( GS),isothiocyanates( ITC) and oxazolidine thione( OZT) in 5 kinds of rapeseed meal were 8.21%,36.22%,12.96%,38.65%,13.83%,29.89 μmol/g,2.74 mg/g and 0.45 mg/g,respectively. The total amino acid contents of 5 kinds of rapeseed meals were 32.97%,37.77%,28.88%,36.08% and 36.29% respectively,and its coefficient of variation( CV) was 10.31%; the average contents of lysine( Lys),methionine( Met) and threonine( Thr) in rapeseed meal were 1. 95%,0. 47% and 1. 89%,respectively,and their CV were 30. 49%,23. 69% and30.65%,respectively. 2) Different kinds of rapeseed meals had significant effects on standard ileum amino acid digestibility of meat ducks( P < 0. 05),and the average standard ileal digestibility of Met,Lys and Thr was 91.04%,66.19% and 73.54%,respectively. 3) Adding protease significantly improved the standard ileal digestibility of essential amino acids such as Thr( 6. 73%),isoleucine( 4. 47%),leucine( 3. 03%),valine( 4.60%),and arginine( 2.36%) of rapeseed meal( P<0.05),as well as non-essential amino acids such as aspartic acid( 8.46%),serine( 7.05%),glutamate( 5.97%),glycine( 9.38%),alanine( 8.44%) and proline( 3.94%) of rapeseed meal( P<0.05). In conclusion,the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of different sources of rapeseed meal in meat ducks present a wide range,and the Met standard ileum digestibility in rapeseed meal is the highest; the improvement degree of protease improve the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of rapeseed meal in meat ducks relate to the type of amino acid.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3285-3293]
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of protease on standard ileum amino acid digestibility of rapeseed meal in meat ducks. The metabolic experiment was using a substitution method,selected five rapeseed meals from different sources,and the rapeseed meal replacement ratio was 15%. A total of 640 oneday-old male ducks were randomly divided into 13 treatments,12 treatments( 6 replicates per treatment,8 ducks per replicate) included 6 treatments which were the basal diet and 5 kinds of rapeseed meals replace basal diets with no protease addition,and other 6 treatments were corresponding protease addition treatments( adding200 mg/kg protease),and another set up a nitrogen-free diet treatment( 8 replicates,8 ducks per replicate).Meat ducks were fed experimental diets from 15 to 17 days of age,and the experiment lasted for 3 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average contents of ether extract( EE),crude protein( CP),crude fiber( CF),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF),glucosinolates( GS),isothiocyanates( ITC) and oxazolidine thione( OZT) in 5 kinds of rapeseed meal were 8.21%,36.22%,12.96%,38.65%,13.83%,29.89 μmol/g,2.74 mg/g and 0.45 mg/g,respectively. The total amino acid contents of 5 kinds of rapeseed meals were 32.97%,37.77%,28.88%,36.08% and 36.29% respectively,and its coefficient of variation( CV) was 10.31%; the average contents of lysine( Lys),methionine( Met) and threonine( Thr) in rapeseed meal were 1. 95%,0. 47% and 1. 89%,respectively,and their CV were 30. 49%,23. 69% and30.65%,respectively. 2) Different kinds of rapeseed meals had significant effects on standard ileum amino acid digestibility of meat ducks( P < 0. 05),and the average standard ileal digestibility of Met,Lys and Thr was 91.04%,66.19% and 73.54%,respectively. 3) Adding protease significantly improved the standard ileal digestibility of essential amino acids such as Thr( 6. 73%),isoleucine( 4. 47%),leucine( 3. 03%),valine( 4.60%),and arginine( 2.36%) of rapeseed meal( P<0.05),as well as non-essential amino acids such as aspartic acid( 8.46%),serine( 7.05%),glutamate( 5.97%),glycine( 9.38%),alanine( 8.44%) and proline( 3.94%) of rapeseed meal( P<0.05). In conclusion,the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of different sources of rapeseed meal in meat ducks present a wide range,and the Met standard ileum digestibility in rapeseed meal is the highest; the improvement degree of protease improve the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of rapeseed meal in meat ducks relate to the type of amino acid.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3285-3293]
引文
[1]呙于明.家禽营养[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:3.
[2] KROGDAHL,SELL J L. Influence of age on lipase,amylase,and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys[J]. Poultry Science,1989,68(11):1561-1568.
[3] GHAZI S,ROOKE J A,GALBRAITH H,et al. The potential for improving soya-bean meal in diets for chicks:treatment with different proteolytic enzymes[J].British Poultry Science,1997,37:554-555.
[4] ANGEL C R,SAYLOR W,VIEIRA S L,et al.Effects of a monocomponent protease on performance and protein utilization in 7-to 22-day-old broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(10):2281-2286.
[5] RUBIO L A,BRENES A,CENTENO C. Effects of feeding growing broiler chickens with practical diets containing sweet lupin(Lupinus angustifolius)seed meal[J]. British Poultry Science,2003,44(3):391-397.
[6] ADEOLA O,COWIESON A J.Board-invited review:opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(10):3189-3218.
[7] COWIESON A J,ROOS F F.Bioefficacy of a monocomponent protease in the diets of pigs and poultry:a meta-analysis of effect on ileal amino acid digestibility[J]. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition,2013,2:e13.
[8] STEIN H H,SVE B,FULLER MF,et al.Invited review:amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients:terminology and application[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(1):172-180.
[9]李东东,李宗锐,丁雪梅,等.不同粗蛋白质水平饲粮添加外源蛋白酶对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2820-2831.
[10]邓雪娟,刘国华,蔡辉益,等.分光光度计法测定家禽饲料和食糜中二氧化钛[J].饲料工业,2008,29(2):57-58.
[11]吴诗樵.外源蛋白酶对鸡饲料体外能量和氨基酸消化率的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2018.
[12] HUANG K H,RAVINDRAN V,LI X,et al.Influence of age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens[J]. British Poultry Science,2005,46(2):236-245.
[13] LIU S Y,SELLE P H,COURT S G,et al. Protease supplementation of sorghum-based broiler diets enhances amino acid digestibility coefficients in four small intestinal sites and accelerates their rates of digestion[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,183(3/4):175-183.
[14] RAVINDRAN V,HEW L I,RAVINDRAN G,et al.Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens[J]. Animal Science,2005,81(1):85-97.
[15] COWIESON A J.Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets[J]. The Journal of Poultry Science,2010,47(1):1-7.
[16] ADEBIYI A O,OLUKOSI O A. Apparent and standardised ileal amino acid digestibility of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles with or without exogenous protease in broilers and turkeys[J]. British Poultry Science,2015,56(2):239-246.
[17]张泽虎.饲粮中添加蛋白酶对单胃动物氨基酸消化率的研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2015(11):48-52.
[18] FREITAS D M,VIEIRA S L,ANGEL C R,et al.Performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2011,20(3):322-334.
[2] KROGDAHL,SELL J L. Influence of age on lipase,amylase,and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys[J]. Poultry Science,1989,68(11):1561-1568.
[3] GHAZI S,ROOKE J A,GALBRAITH H,et al. The potential for improving soya-bean meal in diets for chicks:treatment with different proteolytic enzymes[J].British Poultry Science,1997,37:554-555.
[4] ANGEL C R,SAYLOR W,VIEIRA S L,et al.Effects of a monocomponent protease on performance and protein utilization in 7-to 22-day-old broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(10):2281-2286.
[5] RUBIO L A,BRENES A,CENTENO C. Effects of feeding growing broiler chickens with practical diets containing sweet lupin(Lupinus angustifolius)seed meal[J]. British Poultry Science,2003,44(3):391-397.
[6] ADEOLA O,COWIESON A J.Board-invited review:opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(10):3189-3218.
[7] COWIESON A J,ROOS F F.Bioefficacy of a monocomponent protease in the diets of pigs and poultry:a meta-analysis of effect on ileal amino acid digestibility[J]. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition,2013,2:e13.
[8] STEIN H H,SVE B,FULLER MF,et al.Invited review:amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients:terminology and application[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(1):172-180.
[9]李东东,李宗锐,丁雪梅,等.不同粗蛋白质水平饲粮添加外源蛋白酶对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2820-2831.
[10]邓雪娟,刘国华,蔡辉益,等.分光光度计法测定家禽饲料和食糜中二氧化钛[J].饲料工业,2008,29(2):57-58.
[11]吴诗樵.外源蛋白酶对鸡饲料体外能量和氨基酸消化率的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2018.
[12] HUANG K H,RAVINDRAN V,LI X,et al.Influence of age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens[J]. British Poultry Science,2005,46(2):236-245.
[13] LIU S Y,SELLE P H,COURT S G,et al. Protease supplementation of sorghum-based broiler diets enhances amino acid digestibility coefficients in four small intestinal sites and accelerates their rates of digestion[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,183(3/4):175-183.
[14] RAVINDRAN V,HEW L I,RAVINDRAN G,et al.Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens[J]. Animal Science,2005,81(1):85-97.
[15] COWIESON A J.Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets[J]. The Journal of Poultry Science,2010,47(1):1-7.
[16] ADEBIYI A O,OLUKOSI O A. Apparent and standardised ileal amino acid digestibility of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles with or without exogenous protease in broilers and turkeys[J]. British Poultry Science,2015,56(2):239-246.
[17]张泽虎.饲粮中添加蛋白酶对单胃动物氨基酸消化率的研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2015(11):48-52.
[18] FREITAS D M,VIEIRA S L,ANGEL C R,et al.Performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2011,20(3):322-334.