生长期肉鸡玉米和玉米干酒糟及其可溶物的代谢能和净能评定
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摘要
本研究采用禽用开放式呼吸测热装置进行能量代谢试验,共2个试验,分别测定玉米和玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)的代谢能和净能。试验1和试验2各选用25～28日龄ROSS308雄鸡180只,采用近似拉丁方设计,配制2种基础饲粮和4种待测饲粮,每种饲粮6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验1中待测玉米(玉米吉粳511、吉农823)以40%比例替代玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮。试验2中待测玉米DDGS(中粮玉米DDGS、吉燃玉米DDGS)以30%比例替代玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中能量部分。试验1和试验2各分3期,每期31 d,每期试验中使用雄性鸡雏60只,随机分为3组,每组20只,试验鸡第1～21天在鸡舍内分组饲养,第21天称重后从每组中选择4只试验鸡,分别放入呼吸测热装置的代谢室内,测定气体交换和排泄物总量,适应3d、呼吸测热3 d、绝食测热3 d,呼吸测热的同时进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:1)试验1中,玉米待测饲粮的表观代谢能、代谢能摄入量、沉积能及净能显著高于基础饲粮(P<0.05);平均日增重、产热量、绝食产热量、呼吸熵及净能/表观代谢能未受待测饲粮的影响(P>0.05)。2)试验2中,玉米DDGS待测饲粮的平均日采食量、代谢能摄入量及产热量显著高于基础饲粮(P<0.05);待测饲粮的表观代谢能、沉积能、净能及净能/表观代谢能显著低于基础饲粮(P<0.05);平均日增重、绝食产热量、呼吸熵未受待测饲粮的影响(P>0.05)。干物质基础的玉米吉粳511、吉农823对于ROSS 308雄鸡(25～28日龄)的表观代谢能分别为13.79和13.64 MJ/kg,净能分别为10.77和10.57 MJ/kg。干物质基础的中粮玉米DDGS、吉燃DDGS对于ROSS 308雄鸡(25～28日龄)表观代谢能分别为10.37和10.74 MJ/kg,净能分别为6.43和6.57 MJ/kg。
In this study,an open-circuit calorimeter for poultry was used for energy metabolism test,two experiments were designed to measure the metabolizable energy(ME) and net energy(NE) of corn and corn distillers dried grains with soluble(DDGS) for growing broilers.A total of 180 male ROSS 308 broilers(25 to 28 days of age) were selected for experiments 1 and 2,respectively.The experiments used an approximate Latin square design,and formulated 2 basic diets and 4 test diets,6 replicates with 10 broilers per replicate for1 diet.In experiment 1,each test corn(Jijing 511 and Jinong 823) replaced 40% of the corn-soybean meal basal diet.In experiment 2,30% corn DDGS(Zhongliang and Jiran) was used to replace the part of energy of corn-soybean meal basal diet.Experiments 1 and 2 were divided into 3 periods,respectively and each one was31 days,and 60 male broilers were used in each period and randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 broilers per group.The broilers were fed in chicken houses with different pens for 1 to 20 days.After weighing,4 broilers were selected in each pen on day 21 and then were put into individual respiration chamber to measure the gaseous exchange and total excreta for 9 days,including a 3-day dietary adaptation period,a 3-day respiratory calorimetry and a 3-day fasting heat production,and digestion metabolism tests were carried out simultaneously.The results showed as follows:1) in experiment 1,apparent metabolizable energy(AME),ME intake(MEI),retained energy(RE),NE in corn test diets were significantly higher as compared with the basal diet(P<0.05).The average daily gain(ADG),heat production(HP),fasting heat production(FHP),respiration quotient(RQ),NE/AME were not influenced by test diets(P>0.05).2) In experiment 2,the average daily feed intake(ADFI),MEI,HP in corn DDGS test diets were significantly higher than those in basal diets(P<0.05);the AME,RE,NE,NE/AME in test diets were significantly lower as compared with the basal diet(P<0.05);the ADG,FHP,RQ were not influenced by the test diets(P>0.05).As corn Jijing 511 and Jinong823 for ROSS 308 male broilers(25 to 28 days of age),the AME as DM basis were 13.79 and13.64 MJ/kg,and NE as DM basis were 10.77 and 10.57 MJ/kg,respectively.As Zhongliang corn DDGS and Jiran corn DDGS for ROSS 308 male broilers(25 to 28 days of age),the AME as DM basis were 10.37 and 10.74 MJ/kg,and NE as DM basis were 6.43 and 6.57 MJ/kg,respectively.
In this study,an open-circuit calorimeter for poultry was used for energy metabolism test,two experiments were designed to measure the metabolizable energy(ME) and net energy(NE) of corn and corn distillers dried grains with soluble(DDGS) for growing broilers.A total of 180 male ROSS 308 broilers(25 to 28 days of age) were selected for experiments 1 and 2,respectively.The experiments used an approximate Latin square design,and formulated 2 basic diets and 4 test diets,6 replicates with 10 broilers per replicate for1 diet.In experiment 1,each test corn(Jijing 511 and Jinong 823) replaced 40% of the corn-soybean meal basal diet.In experiment 2,30% corn DDGS(Zhongliang and Jiran) was used to replace the part of energy of corn-soybean meal basal diet.Experiments 1 and 2 were divided into 3 periods,respectively and each one was31 days,and 60 male broilers were used in each period and randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 broilers per group.The broilers were fed in chicken houses with different pens for 1 to 20 days.After weighing,4 broilers were selected in each pen on day 21 and then were put into individual respiration chamber to measure the gaseous exchange and total excreta for 9 days,including a 3-day dietary adaptation period,a 3-day respiratory calorimetry and a 3-day fasting heat production,and digestion metabolism tests were carried out simultaneously.The results showed as follows:1) in experiment 1,apparent metabolizable energy(AME),ME intake(MEI),retained energy(RE),NE in corn test diets were significantly higher as compared with the basal diet(P<0.05).The average daily gain(ADG),heat production(HP),fasting heat production(FHP),respiration quotient(RQ),NE/AME were not influenced by test diets(P>0.05).2) In experiment 2,the average daily feed intake(ADFI),MEI,HP in corn DDGS test diets were significantly higher than those in basal diets(P<0.05);the AME,RE,NE,NE/AME in test diets were significantly lower as compared with the basal diet(P<0.05);the ADG,FHP,RQ were not influenced by the test diets(P>0.05).As corn Jijing 511 and Jinong823 for ROSS 308 male broilers(25 to 28 days of age),the AME as DM basis were 13.79 and13.64 MJ/kg,and NE as DM basis were 10.77 and 10.57 MJ/kg,respectively.As Zhongliang corn DDGS and Jiran corn DDGS for ROSS 308 male broilers(25 to 28 days of age),the AME as DM basis were 10.37 and 10.74 MJ/kg,and NE as DM basis were 6.43 and 6.57 MJ/kg,respectively.
引文
[1]刘伟.家禽净能的测定方法、影响其测定的因素及研究现状[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会第七届中国畜牧科技论坛论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2016:1.
[2]吕知谦,黄冰冰,李藏兰,等.日粮纤维组成对生长猪净能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(2):65-69.
[3]熊本海,易渺.猪的净能体系研究进展[J].饲料工业,2012,33(23):1-6.
[4]朱立鑫,易学武,谯仕彦.不同净能水平和赖氨酸净能比的低蛋白日粮对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(9):33-37.
[5]LIU W,LIU G H,LIAO R B,et al.Apparent metabolizable and net energy values of corn and soybean meal for broiler breeding cocks[J].Poultry Science,2016,96(1):135-143.
[6]DALE N.Relationship between bushel weight,metabolizable energy,and protein content of corn from an adverse growing season[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,1994,3(1):83-86.
[7]CARRB,LESSIRE M,JUIN H.Prediction of the net energy value of broiler diets[J].Animal,2014,8(9):1395-1401.
[8]SAUVANT D,PEREZ J M,TRAN G.Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials:pigs,poultry,cattle,sheep,goats,rabbits,horses and fish[M].The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2004.
[9]KOH K,MACLEOD M G.Circadian variation in heat production and respiratory quotient in growing broilers maintained at different food intakes and ambient temperatures[J].British Poultry Science,1999,40(3):353-356.
[10]NOBLET J.Net energy evaluation of feeds and determination of net energy requirements for pigs[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2007,36(Suppl.1):277-284.
[11]SAKOMURA N K,SILVA R,COUTO H P,et al.Modeling metabolizable energy utilization in broiler breeder pullets[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(3):419-427.
[12]NOBLET J,MILGEN J V,DUBOIS S,et al.Utilisation of metabolisable energy of feeds in pigs and poultry:interest of net energy systems[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Annual Australian Poultry Science Sumposium.Sydney:New South Wales,2010:26-35.
[13]高亚俐.回归法和饥饿法测定维持净能及0~3周龄艾维茵肉鸡净能需要量研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[14]NOBLET J,DUBOIS S,LASNIER J,et al.Fasting heat production and metabolic BW in group-housed broilers[J].Animal,2015,9(7):1138-1144.
[15]高亚俐,王康宁.1~21日龄艾维茵肉鸡净能需要量研究[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(1):147-153.
[16]张琼莲.0~3周龄黄羽肉鸡菜粕、棉粕、麦麸、米糠净能测定及其对生长性能、氮利用率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[17]桓宗锦.肉鸡玉米和豆粕净能的测定及其预测模型的建立[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[18]李英.肉鸡采食量过低的影响因素[J].家禽科学,2015,24(7):22-29.
[19]SPRATT R S,BAYLEY H S,MCBRIDE B W,et al.Energy metabolism of broiler breeder hens.1.The partition of dietary energy intake[J].Poultry Science,1990,69(8):1339-1347.
[20]BAREKATAIN M R,NOBLET J,WU S B,et al.Effect of sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles and microbial enzymes on metabolizable and net energy values of broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(11):2793-2801.
[21]CHOCT M,HUGHES R J,TRIMBLE R P,et al.Nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy[J].Journal of Nutrition,1995,125(3):485-492.
[22]刘伟.肉鸡饲料净能测定方法及其应用的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[23]NING D,YUAN J M,WANG Y W,et al.The net energy values of corn,dried distillers grains with solubles and wheat bran for laying hens using indirect calorimetry method[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(2):209-216.
[24]ADEOLA O,ILELEJI K E.Comparison of two diet types in the determination of metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grains with solubles for broiler chickens by the regression method[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(3):579-585.
[25]LOPEZ G,LEESON S.Assessment of the nitrogen correction factor in evaluating metabolizable energy of corn and soybean meal in diets for broilers[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(2):298-306.
[2]吕知谦,黄冰冰,李藏兰,等.日粮纤维组成对生长猪净能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(2):65-69.
[3]熊本海,易渺.猪的净能体系研究进展[J].饲料工业,2012,33(23):1-6.
[4]朱立鑫,易学武,谯仕彦.不同净能水平和赖氨酸净能比的低蛋白日粮对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(9):33-37.
[5]LIU W,LIU G H,LIAO R B,et al.Apparent metabolizable and net energy values of corn and soybean meal for broiler breeding cocks[J].Poultry Science,2016,96(1):135-143.
[6]DALE N.Relationship between bushel weight,metabolizable energy,and protein content of corn from an adverse growing season[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,1994,3(1):83-86.
[7]CARRB,LESSIRE M,JUIN H.Prediction of the net energy value of broiler diets[J].Animal,2014,8(9):1395-1401.
[8]SAUVANT D,PEREZ J M,TRAN G.Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials:pigs,poultry,cattle,sheep,goats,rabbits,horses and fish[M].The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2004.
[9]KOH K,MACLEOD M G.Circadian variation in heat production and respiratory quotient in growing broilers maintained at different food intakes and ambient temperatures[J].British Poultry Science,1999,40(3):353-356.
[10]NOBLET J.Net energy evaluation of feeds and determination of net energy requirements for pigs[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2007,36(Suppl.1):277-284.
[11]SAKOMURA N K,SILVA R,COUTO H P,et al.Modeling metabolizable energy utilization in broiler breeder pullets[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(3):419-427.
[12]NOBLET J,MILGEN J V,DUBOIS S,et al.Utilisation of metabolisable energy of feeds in pigs and poultry:interest of net energy systems[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Annual Australian Poultry Science Sumposium.Sydney:New South Wales,2010:26-35.
[13]高亚俐.回归法和饥饿法测定维持净能及0~3周龄艾维茵肉鸡净能需要量研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[14]NOBLET J,DUBOIS S,LASNIER J,et al.Fasting heat production and metabolic BW in group-housed broilers[J].Animal,2015,9(7):1138-1144.
[15]高亚俐,王康宁.1~21日龄艾维茵肉鸡净能需要量研究[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(1):147-153.
[16]张琼莲.0~3周龄黄羽肉鸡菜粕、棉粕、麦麸、米糠净能测定及其对生长性能、氮利用率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[17]桓宗锦.肉鸡玉米和豆粕净能的测定及其预测模型的建立[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[18]李英.肉鸡采食量过低的影响因素[J].家禽科学,2015,24(7):22-29.
[19]SPRATT R S,BAYLEY H S,MCBRIDE B W,et al.Energy metabolism of broiler breeder hens.1.The partition of dietary energy intake[J].Poultry Science,1990,69(8):1339-1347.
[20]BAREKATAIN M R,NOBLET J,WU S B,et al.Effect of sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles and microbial enzymes on metabolizable and net energy values of broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(11):2793-2801.
[21]CHOCT M,HUGHES R J,TRIMBLE R P,et al.Nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy[J].Journal of Nutrition,1995,125(3):485-492.
[22]刘伟.肉鸡饲料净能测定方法及其应用的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[23]NING D,YUAN J M,WANG Y W,et al.The net energy values of corn,dried distillers grains with solubles and wheat bran for laying hens using indirect calorimetry method[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(2):209-216.
[24]ADEOLA O,ILELEJI K E.Comparison of two diet types in the determination of metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grains with solubles for broiler chickens by the regression method[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(3):579-585.
[25]LOPEZ G,LEESON S.Assessment of the nitrogen correction factor in evaluating metabolizable energy of corn and soybean meal in diets for broilers[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(2):298-306.