重构“宾兴”:当代民间助学可持续发展的精准模式
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摘要
民间助学对于实现教育公平的作用日益凸显。我国古代存在大量的民间助学组织,尤以清代宾兴最盛,影响最大。历史的发展具有惯性,通过分析当今民间助学活动存在的主要问题,探讨清代宾兴"官倡民助"的运作模式、"发典生息""基金运作"的经费筹措与管理和"地域助学""思源银"的资助条件及方式对当代民间助学模式创新的借鉴之处,进而提出民间助学可持续发展的精准模式。
The role of Non-governmental Educational grants in the realization of educational equity has become increasingly prominent. There were a large number of non-governmental supported organizations in ancient China, especially the binxing in the Qing Dynasty, which was the most prosperous, the most influential.The development of history has inertia. this paper analyzes the main problems of the folk supported educational activities, and discuss binxing's operational Mode of officials' cailling-folks' supporting, its Fund raising Measures of getting interest from pawn, fund financing, its management, its supporting conditions of regional supporting and "Siyuan silver", as well as its reference value to contemporary folk supporting mode innovation. and then put forward a precise model of sustainable development of folk education.
The role of Non-governmental Educational grants in the realization of educational equity has become increasingly prominent. There were a large number of non-governmental supported organizations in ancient China, especially the binxing in the Qing Dynasty, which was the most prosperous, the most influential.The development of history has inertia. this paper analyzes the main problems of the folk supported educational activities, and discuss binxing's operational Mode of officials' cailling-folks' supporting, its Fund raising Measures of getting interest from pawn, fund financing, its management, its supporting conditions of regional supporting and "Siyuan silver", as well as its reference value to contemporary folk supporting mode innovation. and then put forward a precise model of sustainable development of folk education.
引文
[1]顾明远.教育大辞典:中国古代教育史:第八卷上[M].上海:上海教育出版社,1990:204.
[2]毛晓阳.论清代宾兴的教育公益基金属性[J].考试研究,2008,4(4).
[3]毛晓阳,等.略论清代科举宾兴的财会管理制度[J].福建江夏学院学报,2013,3(6):24.
[4]李才栋,等.关于古代地方助学助考机构——宾兴会研究[J].江西教育学院学报:社会科学,2005(5).
[5]中广网教育.2010年全国学生资助政策执行情况[EB/OL].http://gaokao.eol.cn/kuai_xun_3075/20110816/t20110816_666633.shtml,2011-8-16.
[6]全国学生资助中心.2014年中国学生资助发展报告[EB/OL].http://www.xszz.cee.edu.cn/tongzhigonggao/2015-08-21/2320.html,2015-8-21.
[7]吴惠,张彦通.加快高校教育基金会发展初探[J].中国高等教育,2006(11).
[8]粟道中.民间助学的思考[J].中国西部,2014(9):47.
[9]叶锋,等.受助生原是副局长之女引发的是非[N].新华每日电讯,2007-09-01(2).
[10]高一村.受助资格被取消的背后:现代慈善讲求的是平等互动[N].中国社会报,2007-09-05(3).
[11]刘飞超,等.襄樊贫困大学生被终止资助真相[N].中国商报,2007-09-04(6).
[12]侯露露.“恩人”为何变“仇人”[N].人民日报,2007-12-28(10).
[13]杨品优.清代江西宾兴组织探析[J].江西师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2008(5):109.
[14]杨品优.清代江西宾兴组织的兴起述论[J].青海师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2010(3):80.
[15]涂兰玉.宾兴馆章程记[M]//同治新建县志:艺文志·记:影印本卷七十五.台北:台北成文出版社.
[16]罗传铭,路炳文.民国商南县志:卷三“学校志·宾兴”[Z].台北:成文出版社,1976年据1919年铅印本影印本.
(1)光绪《嘉善县志》,卷五《书院·登瀛集附》。
(1)万载宾兴堂册(道光七年刻本)。
[2]毛晓阳.论清代宾兴的教育公益基金属性[J].考试研究,2008,4(4).
[3]毛晓阳,等.略论清代科举宾兴的财会管理制度[J].福建江夏学院学报,2013,3(6):24.
[4]李才栋,等.关于古代地方助学助考机构——宾兴会研究[J].江西教育学院学报:社会科学,2005(5).
[5]中广网教育.2010年全国学生资助政策执行情况[EB/OL].http://gaokao.eol.cn/kuai_xun_3075/20110816/t20110816_666633.shtml,2011-8-16.
[6]全国学生资助中心.2014年中国学生资助发展报告[EB/OL].http://www.xszz.cee.edu.cn/tongzhigonggao/2015-08-21/2320.html,2015-8-21.
[7]吴惠,张彦通.加快高校教育基金会发展初探[J].中国高等教育,2006(11).
[8]粟道中.民间助学的思考[J].中国西部,2014(9):47.
[9]叶锋,等.受助生原是副局长之女引发的是非[N].新华每日电讯,2007-09-01(2).
[10]高一村.受助资格被取消的背后:现代慈善讲求的是平等互动[N].中国社会报,2007-09-05(3).
[11]刘飞超,等.襄樊贫困大学生被终止资助真相[N].中国商报,2007-09-04(6).
[12]侯露露.“恩人”为何变“仇人”[N].人民日报,2007-12-28(10).
[13]杨品优.清代江西宾兴组织探析[J].江西师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2008(5):109.
[14]杨品优.清代江西宾兴组织的兴起述论[J].青海师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2010(3):80.
[15]涂兰玉.宾兴馆章程记[M]//同治新建县志:艺文志·记:影印本卷七十五.台北:台北成文出版社.
[16]罗传铭,路炳文.民国商南县志:卷三“学校志·宾兴”[Z].台北:成文出版社,1976年据1919年铅印本影印本.
(1)光绪《嘉善县志》,卷五《书院·登瀛集附》。
(1)万载宾兴堂册(道光七年刻本)。