遮阴对“温185”核桃叶片生理特性的影响
|
摘要
以"温185"核桃为试材,设置不同梯度光照处理,研究了不同光照处理对叶片生理指标及叶片解剖结构的影响,以探究农业生产中核桃乔化密植枝条叶片相互遮阴对树体造成的影响。结果表明:43%光照条件短时间会提高叶片中Chl(a+b)的含量;当光照低于69%透光率时,对核桃树长时间遮阴会抑制Chl(a+b)的合成,84%的光照条件可以促进Chl(a+b)的合成;各遮阴处理下的脯氨酸含量极显著低于全光照条件;遮阴处理可以提高叶片水势、丙二醛,且二者随着遮阴程度的增加而增加;84%光照处理下的叶片气孔长度、气孔面积显著高于对照,但随着遮阴程度的加重,叶片表皮细胞长度、上下表皮厚度、海绵、栅栏组织厚度、海/栅、气孔密度、气孔面积均降低,气孔长度变大。试验表明,43%光照短时间遮阴不会对核桃产生影响;当光照低于69%时,长时间遮阴会对核桃生长产生影响,84%光照对核桃生长具有一定的促进作用。
Walnut is a kind of tall tree and closely cultivated species in agricultural production,so is shaded seriously among tree body.Our aim is to explore the effects of severe shading on walnut trees.‘Wen 185'walnut cultivars were selected as the test material and with white nylon mesh for their artificial shade in the walnut leaf stage.The effects of different light treatments on physiological indexes and leaf anatomical structure of leaves were studied.The results showed that,shading for a short time,43% lighting conditions will improve Chl(a+b)contents of walnut′s leaves.For a long time,Chl(a+b)contents will be limited when light was lower 69%lighting conditions,and the light reached 84% of natural light,it could improve the growth of Chl(a+b)contents.Variance analysis showed that the proline contents of 100% natural light was significantly higher than that of shading conditions.On the other hand,shading reduced the water potential and MDA.The length and size of stomata of 84% lighting condition were significantly higher than that of CK.With the increased of shade degree,the length of epidermal cell,thickness of the upper and lower epidermis,sponges tissue thickness,palisade tissue thickness,ratio of spongy tissue and palisade tissue,stomatal density and area were decreased,stomatal length became longer.The conclusion was,for a short time of sever shade would not affect the walnut,if a long time shading on the walnut tree,when the light was lower than 69%,it could inhibit the growth of walnut,however slight shade(84%light conditions)would promote physiological effects in walnut trees.
Walnut is a kind of tall tree and closely cultivated species in agricultural production,so is shaded seriously among tree body.Our aim is to explore the effects of severe shading on walnut trees.‘Wen 185'walnut cultivars were selected as the test material and with white nylon mesh for their artificial shade in the walnut leaf stage.The effects of different light treatments on physiological indexes and leaf anatomical structure of leaves were studied.The results showed that,shading for a short time,43% lighting conditions will improve Chl(a+b)contents of walnut′s leaves.For a long time,Chl(a+b)contents will be limited when light was lower 69%lighting conditions,and the light reached 84% of natural light,it could improve the growth of Chl(a+b)contents.Variance analysis showed that the proline contents of 100% natural light was significantly higher than that of shading conditions.On the other hand,shading reduced the water potential and MDA.The length and size of stomata of 84% lighting condition were significantly higher than that of CK.With the increased of shade degree,the length of epidermal cell,thickness of the upper and lower epidermis,sponges tissue thickness,palisade tissue thickness,ratio of spongy tissue and palisade tissue,stomatal density and area were decreased,stomatal length became longer.The conclusion was,for a short time of sever shade would not affect the walnut,if a long time shading on the walnut tree,when the light was lower than 69%,it could inhibit the growth of walnut,however slight shade(84%light conditions)would promote physiological effects in walnut trees.
引文
[1]高辉远,邹琦,程炳嵩.甘薯光合活力、羧化效率日变化与光合午休的关系[J].作物学报,1997(1):62-65.
[2]ISHIDA A,TOMA T.Limitation of leaf carbon gain by stomatal and photochemical processes in the top canopy of Macaranga conifera,a tropical pioneer tree[J].Tree Physiology,1999,19(7):467-473.
[3]唐建昭,王靖,潘学标,等.农牧交错带油葵光合作用日变化及午休现象的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2014(6):81-87.
[4]唐钢梁,李向义,林丽莎,等.骆驼刺在不同遮荫下的水分状况变化及其生理响应[J].植物生态报,2013,37(4):354-364.
[5]吕晋慧,李艳锋,王玄,等.遮阴处理对金莲花生长发育和生理响应的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1772-1780.
[6]郑斌,陈洪国,颜志强,等.遮阴对白花败酱叶片形态解剖结构及生理的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(13):3111-3115.
[7]陈丽飞,江鹏道,王艳,等.不同光照条件对大花萱草叶片解剖结构的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(23):63-65.
[8]刘济明,闫国华,徐国瑞,等.罗甸小米核桃幼苗对光照强度变化的生理响应[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2059-2064.
[9]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[10]刘峄,张婷,岳婉婷,等.遮荫对海姆维斯蒂栒子叶片生理生化特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(21):5184-5186.
[11]刘国华,芦建国.遮阴对几种鸢尾属植物形态与生理特性影响[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(3):42-45.
[12]孙谷畴,林植芳,林桂珠.不同光强下生长的几种亚热带森林树木的Rubisco羧化速率和碳酸酐酶的活性[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):304-310.
[13]张哲,杜桂娟,马凤江,等.遮阴对5种豆科牧草形态和生理指标影响的初探[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1296-1300.
[14]刘钟,薛英利,杨圆满,等.人工遮阴条件下3个马铃薯品种耐阴性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2015,30(4):566-574.
[15]MURCHIE E H,HORTON P.Contrasting patterns of photosynthetic acclimation to the light environment are dependent on the differential expression of the responses to altered irradiance and spectral quality[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1998,21(2):139-148.
[16]BAIG M J,ANAND A,MANDAL P K,et al.Irradiance influences contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins in tropical grasses and legumes[J].Photosynthetica,2005,43(1):47-53.
[17]孙治强,张强,张惠梅.低温弱光对番茄叶绿素含量变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2005,20(1):82-85.
[18]ADAMS B D,ADAMS W W.Carotenoid composition in sun and shade leaves of plants with different life forms[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1992,15(4):411-419.
[19]吴能表,谈锋,肖文娟,等.光强因子对少花桂幼苗形态和生理指标及精油含量的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1159-1164.
[20]王家保,王令霞,陈业渊,等.不同光照度对番荔枝幼苗叶片生长发育和光合性能的影响[J].热带作物学报,2003,24(1):48-51.
[21]PUTZ F E,MOONEY H A,BULLOCK S H.The biology of vines[M].England:Trends in Ecology and Evolution,1989.
[22]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005(S1):118-127.
[23]ANNA D S.The role of cytoskeleton in stomata functioning[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2006,28(1):59-79.
[24]王曙光,李中青,贾寿山,等.小麦叶片气孔性状与产量和抗旱性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1609-1614.
[25]ZEIGE E,ZHU J.Role of zeaxanthin in blue light photo reception and the modulation of light-CO2interactions in guard cells[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1998,49(1):433-442.
[26]高冠龙,张小由,常宗强.植物气孔导度的环境响应模拟及其尺度扩展[J].生态学报,2016,36(6):1491-1500.
[27]覃凤飞,李强,崔棹茗.越冬期遮阴条件下3个不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿品种叶片解剖结构与其光生态适应性[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(4):333-345.
[28]史刚荣,蔡庆生.白三叶叶片解剖可塑性及其对光强的响应[J].草地学报,2006,14(4):301-305.
[2]ISHIDA A,TOMA T.Limitation of leaf carbon gain by stomatal and photochemical processes in the top canopy of Macaranga conifera,a tropical pioneer tree[J].Tree Physiology,1999,19(7):467-473.
[3]唐建昭,王靖,潘学标,等.农牧交错带油葵光合作用日变化及午休现象的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2014(6):81-87.
[4]唐钢梁,李向义,林丽莎,等.骆驼刺在不同遮荫下的水分状况变化及其生理响应[J].植物生态报,2013,37(4):354-364.
[5]吕晋慧,李艳锋,王玄,等.遮阴处理对金莲花生长发育和生理响应的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1772-1780.
[6]郑斌,陈洪国,颜志强,等.遮阴对白花败酱叶片形态解剖结构及生理的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(13):3111-3115.
[7]陈丽飞,江鹏道,王艳,等.不同光照条件对大花萱草叶片解剖结构的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(23):63-65.
[8]刘济明,闫国华,徐国瑞,等.罗甸小米核桃幼苗对光照强度变化的生理响应[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2059-2064.
[9]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[10]刘峄,张婷,岳婉婷,等.遮荫对海姆维斯蒂栒子叶片生理生化特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(21):5184-5186.
[11]刘国华,芦建国.遮阴对几种鸢尾属植物形态与生理特性影响[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(3):42-45.
[12]孙谷畴,林植芳,林桂珠.不同光强下生长的几种亚热带森林树木的Rubisco羧化速率和碳酸酐酶的活性[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):304-310.
[13]张哲,杜桂娟,马凤江,等.遮阴对5种豆科牧草形态和生理指标影响的初探[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1296-1300.
[14]刘钟,薛英利,杨圆满,等.人工遮阴条件下3个马铃薯品种耐阴性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2015,30(4):566-574.
[15]MURCHIE E H,HORTON P.Contrasting patterns of photosynthetic acclimation to the light environment are dependent on the differential expression of the responses to altered irradiance and spectral quality[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1998,21(2):139-148.
[16]BAIG M J,ANAND A,MANDAL P K,et al.Irradiance influences contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins in tropical grasses and legumes[J].Photosynthetica,2005,43(1):47-53.
[17]孙治强,张强,张惠梅.低温弱光对番茄叶绿素含量变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2005,20(1):82-85.
[18]ADAMS B D,ADAMS W W.Carotenoid composition in sun and shade leaves of plants with different life forms[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1992,15(4):411-419.
[19]吴能表,谈锋,肖文娟,等.光强因子对少花桂幼苗形态和生理指标及精油含量的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1159-1164.
[20]王家保,王令霞,陈业渊,等.不同光照度对番荔枝幼苗叶片生长发育和光合性能的影响[J].热带作物学报,2003,24(1):48-51.
[21]PUTZ F E,MOONEY H A,BULLOCK S H.The biology of vines[M].England:Trends in Ecology and Evolution,1989.
[22]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005(S1):118-127.
[23]ANNA D S.The role of cytoskeleton in stomata functioning[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2006,28(1):59-79.
[24]王曙光,李中青,贾寿山,等.小麦叶片气孔性状与产量和抗旱性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1609-1614.
[25]ZEIGE E,ZHU J.Role of zeaxanthin in blue light photo reception and the modulation of light-CO2interactions in guard cells[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1998,49(1):433-442.
[26]高冠龙,张小由,常宗强.植物气孔导度的环境响应模拟及其尺度扩展[J].生态学报,2016,36(6):1491-1500.
[27]覃凤飞,李强,崔棹茗.越冬期遮阴条件下3个不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿品种叶片解剖结构与其光生态适应性[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(4):333-345.
[28]史刚荣,蔡庆生.白三叶叶片解剖可塑性及其对光强的响应[J].草地学报,2006,14(4):301-305.