大豆酶解蛋白改善断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道健康的研究
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摘要
为了探明大豆酶解蛋白替代仔猪饲粮中血浆蛋白粉、肠膜蛋白或鱼粉的功效。研究选择28 d断奶三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪320头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复20头。分别饲喂:处理1组:3%血浆蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理2组(无血浆蛋白质):9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理3组(无肠膜蛋白):4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理4(无鱼粉):3.5%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白日粮。试验期28 d,于试验14 d直肠取粪便测定微生物,28 d采集血液测定血清抗体水平。研究结果证明:与常规的血浆-肠膜-鱼粉日粮相比,9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉的无血浆蛋白粉日粮,可以获得完全相同的增重和腹泻率(P>0.05),但是,采食量和料重比显著降低(P<0.05);4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%鱼粉的无肠膜蛋白日粮处理提高了日增重,降低了料重比和腹泻率(P<0.05);3.5%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%肠膜的无鱼粉日粮处理获得了最高的试验期末体重、日增重和采食量,显著降低了料重比和腹泻率(P<0.05)。仔猪成活率处理之间均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%鱼粉的日粮组获得了最低的大肠杆菌总数;9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉组获得了最高的乳酸菌总数。无大豆酶解蛋白日粮组的大肠杆菌总数最多,乳酸菌总数最少。9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉组获得了最高的IgA和IgM抗体水平(P<0.05)。由此证明,使用9%的大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮中3%的血浆蛋白粉,4%的大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮3%的肠膜蛋白质,3.5%大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮中3%的鱼粉。大豆酶解蛋白替代血浆蛋白粉可以改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,调节肠道菌群,增加免疫力。
To determine the efficacy of enzymolyt?ic soybean meal in replacing plasma protein pow?der, intestinal membrane protein or fish meal on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Three hundred twenty 28-old ternary hybrid(Duroc×Landrace×Large York?shire) weaned piglets were randomly allocated to4 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal based diets:① 3% plasma protein+3% intestinal membrane protein+3% fish meal diet; ② 9% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% intestinal membrane protein+3% fish meal diet(no plasma protein); ③ 4% enzymolytic soy?bean meal+3% plasma protein+ 3% fish meal diet(no intestinal membrane protein); ④ 3.5% enzymolyt?ic soybean meal+3% plasma protein+3% intestinal membrane protein diet(no fish meal). The experi?ment lasted for 28 days. The feces were taken from the rectum to determine the microba quantities on14 d of the experiment. Blood was taken to measure immune and biochemical indicators at the last day of the experiment. The results of the study showed that compared with the conventional plasma-gut-fish meal diet, 9% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% intestinal membrane+3% fish meal without plasma protein powder diet had the same weight gain and the diarrhea rate(P>0.05), however, the feed intake and feed/gain significantly decreased(P<0.05); 4% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% plasma +3% fish meal without intestinal membrane protein diet improved the daily gain but reduced feed/gain and diarrhea rate(P<0.05); the highest final weight, daily gain, and feed intake, also lowest feed/gain and diarrhea rate of pig?lets were observed(P<0.05) in 3.5% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% plasma+3% intestinal membrane group with the same survival rate. 4% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% plasma+3% fish meal without intes?tinal protein diet showed the lowest total quantity of E. coli compared with other groups; the 9% enzymo?lytic soybean meal+3% intestinal membrane+3% fish meal group showed the highest total quantity of Lactobacillus and highest antibody levels of IgA and IgM(P<0.05). There were the highest E. coli and lowest Lactobacillus quantities in non-fermented soybean group. It is proved that 3% of the plasma pro?tein powder in weaned piglets could be replaced by 9% of enzymolytic soybean meal, 4% of enzymolytic soybean meal could replace 3% of intestinal membrane protein, and 3.5% of that could be used as func?tional as 3% of fish meal. The enzymolytic soybean meal used in weaned piglets for replacing plasma pro?tein in improving growth performance, intestinal flora, and immunity is practicable.
To determine the efficacy of enzymolyt?ic soybean meal in replacing plasma protein pow?der, intestinal membrane protein or fish meal on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Three hundred twenty 28-old ternary hybrid(Duroc×Landrace×Large York?shire) weaned piglets were randomly allocated to4 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal based diets:① 3% plasma protein+3% intestinal membrane protein+3% fish meal diet; ② 9% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% intestinal membrane protein+3% fish meal diet(no plasma protein); ③ 4% enzymolytic soy?bean meal+3% plasma protein+ 3% fish meal diet(no intestinal membrane protein); ④ 3.5% enzymolyt?ic soybean meal+3% plasma protein+3% intestinal membrane protein diet(no fish meal). The experi?ment lasted for 28 days. The feces were taken from the rectum to determine the microba quantities on14 d of the experiment. Blood was taken to measure immune and biochemical indicators at the last day of the experiment. The results of the study showed that compared with the conventional plasma-gut-fish meal diet, 9% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% intestinal membrane+3% fish meal without plasma protein powder diet had the same weight gain and the diarrhea rate(P>0.05), however, the feed intake and feed/gain significantly decreased(P<0.05); 4% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% plasma +3% fish meal without intestinal membrane protein diet improved the daily gain but reduced feed/gain and diarrhea rate(P<0.05); the highest final weight, daily gain, and feed intake, also lowest feed/gain and diarrhea rate of pig?lets were observed(P<0.05) in 3.5% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% plasma+3% intestinal membrane group with the same survival rate. 4% enzymolytic soybean meal+3% plasma+3% fish meal without intes?tinal protein diet showed the lowest total quantity of E. coli compared with other groups; the 9% enzymo?lytic soybean meal+3% intestinal membrane+3% fish meal group showed the highest total quantity of Lactobacillus and highest antibody levels of IgA and IgM(P<0.05). There were the highest E. coli and lowest Lactobacillus quantities in non-fermented soybean group. It is proved that 3% of the plasma pro?tein powder in weaned piglets could be replaced by 9% of enzymolytic soybean meal, 4% of enzymolytic soybean meal could replace 3% of intestinal membrane protein, and 3.5% of that could be used as func?tional as 3% of fish meal. The enzymolytic soybean meal used in weaned piglets for replacing plasma pro?tein in improving growth performance, intestinal flora, and immunity is practicable.
引文
[1]吕学贤.发酵豆粕对仔猪生产性能和免疫性能影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
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[5]徐有生.瘦肉型猪饲养管理及疫病防制彩色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[6]陈勇,曹永辛.小肽吸收机制及营养作用[J].中国饲料,1999(12):15-17.
[7]Boza J J,Monnoz D,Vuichoud J,et al.Protein hydrolysate vs free amino acid-based diets on the nutritional recovery of the starved rat[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2000,39(6):237.
[8]刘海燕,邱玉朗,魏炳栋,等.发酵酶解豆粕对仔猪生长性能、日粮营养物质消化率和血液指标的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(6):655-660.
[9]冯杰,刘欣,卢亚萍,等.微生物发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长、血清指标及肠道形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(1):40-43.
[10]郑云峰,龙洪年.发酵豆粕“肽多乐”对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].广东饲料,2006,27(5):37-38.
[11]Broom L J,Miller H M.Effects of zinc oxide and Enterococus faecium SF68 dietary supplementation on the performance,intestinal microbiota and immune status of weaned piglets[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2006,80(1):45-54.
[12]俞晓辉.发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[13]Amato K R,Yeoman C J,Kent A,et al.Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey(Alouatta pigra)gastrointestinal microbiomes[J].The Isme Journal,2013,7(7):1344-1353.
[14]Lee J H,Yoo J S,Kim H J,et al.Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performence,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microorganisms in weanling pigs[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(S1):652.
[15]Lee S H,Ingale S L,Kim J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis LS1-2 fermentation biomass on growth performance nutrient digestibility,cecal microbiota and intestinal morphology of weanling pig[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,188(2):102-110.
[16]Pieper R,Neumann K,Kr Ger S,et al.Influence of fermentable carbohydrates or protein on large intestinal and urinary metabolomic profilea in piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(S4):34-36.
[17]Rist V T S,Weiss E,Eklund M,et al.Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health a review[J].Animal,2013,7(7):1067-1078.
[18]Cho J H,Zhang Z F,Kim I H.Effects of fermented grainsas raw cereal substitutes on growth performance,nutrient digestibility blood profiles,and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2013,154(1):131-136.
[2]X.Liu,Z.Xu,Y.Liu,et al.The effects of fermented soybeanmeal on growth performance and immune characteristics inweaned piglets[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,2007,31:341-345.
[3]Yuan Y C,S.Y.Gong,D.H.Yu,et al.Evaluation of fermented soybean meal in the practical diets for juvenile Chinese sucker[J].Myxocyprinus asiaticus.Aquac.Nutr.,2013,19:74-83.
[4]李同洲.科学养猪手册[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.
[5]徐有生.瘦肉型猪饲养管理及疫病防制彩色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[6]陈勇,曹永辛.小肽吸收机制及营养作用[J].中国饲料,1999(12):15-17.
[7]Boza J J,Monnoz D,Vuichoud J,et al.Protein hydrolysate vs free amino acid-based diets on the nutritional recovery of the starved rat[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2000,39(6):237.
[8]刘海燕,邱玉朗,魏炳栋,等.发酵酶解豆粕对仔猪生长性能、日粮营养物质消化率和血液指标的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(6):655-660.
[9]冯杰,刘欣,卢亚萍,等.微生物发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长、血清指标及肠道形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(1):40-43.
[10]郑云峰,龙洪年.发酵豆粕“肽多乐”对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].广东饲料,2006,27(5):37-38.
[11]Broom L J,Miller H M.Effects of zinc oxide and Enterococus faecium SF68 dietary supplementation on the performance,intestinal microbiota and immune status of weaned piglets[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2006,80(1):45-54.
[12]俞晓辉.发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[13]Amato K R,Yeoman C J,Kent A,et al.Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey(Alouatta pigra)gastrointestinal microbiomes[J].The Isme Journal,2013,7(7):1344-1353.
[14]Lee J H,Yoo J S,Kim H J,et al.Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performence,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microorganisms in weanling pigs[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(S1):652.
[15]Lee S H,Ingale S L,Kim J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis LS1-2 fermentation biomass on growth performance nutrient digestibility,cecal microbiota and intestinal morphology of weanling pig[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,188(2):102-110.
[16]Pieper R,Neumann K,Kr Ger S,et al.Influence of fermentable carbohydrates or protein on large intestinal and urinary metabolomic profilea in piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(S4):34-36.
[17]Rist V T S,Weiss E,Eklund M,et al.Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health a review[J].Animal,2013,7(7):1067-1078.
[18]Cho J H,Zhang Z F,Kim I H.Effects of fermented grainsas raw cereal substitutes on growth performance,nutrient digestibility blood profiles,and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2013,154(1):131-136.