CTAB与亚临界水联合预处理对污泥水热液化制备生物油的影响
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摘要
以脱水污泥为原料针探究对其水热液化(HTL)制取生物油的影响.结果表明,胞外聚合物(EPS)的释放可以促进有机物在高温时断链成分子量较高的有机质,促进生物油的形成.与原污泥相比,亚临界水(SCW)预处理会促进脱氨基反应,生物油中的氮含量降低51.74%;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)预处理则促进了19.3wt%的有机物转移至油相中,同时生物油中的酸含量降低13.49%;CTAB-SCW联合预处理后,生物油收率提升了66.92%,醇含量提升28.32%.联合预处理中酯交换反应是主反应,同时亲核反应、氧化反应和消除反应也显著增强.
Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL) of dehydrated sludge was conducted for bio-oil production in the present study. Results showed that the removal of extracellular polymeric substance caused organic matter to break down into organic polymer compounds at high temperature and promoted the formation of bio-oil. Compared with the non-pretreatment sludge, subcritical water(SCW)pretreatment promoted the deamination reaction and the nitrogen content reduced by 51.74% in the bio-oil. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) pretreatment promoted 19.3wt% of organic matter from the aqueous and gaseous phases to the oil phase and the acid content reduced by 13.49wt%. CTAB-SCW combined pretreatment the bio-oil yield increased by 66.92% and the alcohol content by 28.32%. Transesterification reaction in the combined pretreatment was the main reaction, at the same time, the nucleophilic reaction, the oxidation reaction and the elimination reaction were also remarkably enhanced.
Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL) of dehydrated sludge was conducted for bio-oil production in the present study. Results showed that the removal of extracellular polymeric substance caused organic matter to break down into organic polymer compounds at high temperature and promoted the formation of bio-oil. Compared with the non-pretreatment sludge, subcritical water(SCW)pretreatment promoted the deamination reaction and the nitrogen content reduced by 51.74% in the bio-oil. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) pretreatment promoted 19.3wt% of organic matter from the aqueous and gaseous phases to the oil phase and the acid content reduced by 13.49wt%. CTAB-SCW combined pretreatment the bio-oil yield increased by 66.92% and the alcohol content by 28.32%. Transesterification reaction in the combined pretreatment was the main reaction, at the same time, the nucleophilic reaction, the oxidation reaction and the elimination reaction were also remarkably enhanced.
引文
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[2]Melero J,Vasiliadu R,Vasiliadu I,et al.Municipal sewage sludge to biodiesel by simultaneous extraction and conversion of lipids[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,103:111-118.
[3]Wu L,Higashimori A,Qin Y,et al.Comparison of hyperthermophilic-mesophilic two-stage with single-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge:Process performance and microbial community analysis[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,290:290-301.
[4]桂肖山,徐闯,王泽茜.Ca O2投加量及投加方式对剩余污泥厌氧发酵产生短链脂肪酸的影响.[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(5):1785-1791.Gui X,Xu C,Wang Q,Effects of the dosage and dosing methods of CaO2 on the production of short-chain fatty acids produced during anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge.China Environmental Science,2018,38(5):1785-1791.
[5]Peng C,Zhai Y,Zhu Y,et al.Investigation of the structure and reaction pathway of char obtained from sewage sludge with biomass wastes,using hydrothermal treatment[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,166:114-123.
[6]Lee A,Bennett J,Manayil J,et al.Heterogeneous catalysis for sustainable biodiesel production via esterification and transesterification[J].Chenical Society Reviews,2014,43:7887-916.
[7]Wang Y,Dea S,Yan N,Rational control of nano-scale metal-catalysts for biomass conversion.Chemical Communications.2016,52:6210-6224.
[8]王经臣,杨璐宁,徐期勇.市政污泥热解过程颗粒物中重金属分布.[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(10):3781-3787.Wang J,Yang L,Xu Q,Study on heavy metals in particulate matter of municipal sewage sludge pyrolysis.China Environmental Science,2018,38(10):3781-3787.
[9]Christopher L,Clark J,Kraus G,Integrated forest biorefineries:Challenges and opportunities(Royal Society of Chemistry,London[R]2012.
[10]Zhai Y,Chen H,Xu B,et al.Influence of sewage sludge-based activated carbon and temperature on the liquefaction of sewage sludge:yield and composition of bio-oil,immobilization and risk assessment of heavy metals[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,159:72-79.
[11]Wu S,Liu F,Huang S,et al.Direct n-hexane extraction of wet sewage sludge at thermal and pressurized conditions:A preliminary investigation on its process and product characteristics[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2017,156:90-97.
[12]Zhang L,Liu Y,A novel method for harmLess disposal and resource reutilization of steel wire rope sludges.Environmental Science and Pollution Ressearch.2016,23:1-9.
[13]Li G,Wang Z,Zhao R,Research Progress of Oil Making from Sewage Sludge by Direct Thermochemistry Liquefaction Technology[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Science&Technology,2009,24:74-78.
[14]Sun Y,Sun Z,Zhang J,Transformation regularity of nitrogen in aqueous product derived from hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge in subcritical water[J].Environmental Science,2015,36:2210-2215.
[15]Mariusz czuk,Wojciech Kostowski,Marcin Karas,Applying waste heat recovery system in a sewage sludge dryer-a technical and economic optimization[J].Energ.Convers.Manage,2016,125:121-132.
[16]杨敏,陈德珍,戴晓虎.污泥热解液与牛粪混合厌氧消化特性研究.中国环境科学,2018,38(2):634-642 181(2016):905-915.Yang M,Chen D,DAI X,Anaerobic co-digestion of the sewage sludge pyrolysis liquids and cow dung under thermophilic condition.China Environmental Science,2018,38(2):634-642.
[17]Wang L,Li A,Chang Y,Relationship between enhanced dewaterability and structural properties of hydrothermal sludge after hydrothermal treatment of excess sludge[J].Water Research,2017,112:72-82.
[18]Amini Z,Ilham Z,Ong H,et al.State of the art and prospective of lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction for biodiesel production[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2017,141:339-353.
[19]Qian L,Wang S,Savage P,Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions[J].Bioresource Technology 2017,232:27-34.
[20]Borges M,Dlza L,Recent developments on heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production by oil esterification and transesterification reactions:a review[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev2012,16:2839-49.
[21]Lopez B,Cerdan L,Medina A,et al.Production of biodiesel from vegetable oil and microalgae by fatty acid extraction and enzymatic esterification[J].J.Biosci.Bioeng.,2015,119:706-11.
[22]Gog A,Roman M,Rosa M,et al.Biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification-current state and perspectives[J].Renewable Energy,2012,39:10-6.
[23]Yang T,Liu X,Li R,et al.Liquefaction of rice stalk in sub-and supercritical supercritical ethanol[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2019,144:28-38.
[24]Li R,Ma Z,Yang T,et al.Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge to produce bio-oil:Effect of copretreatmentwith subcritical water and mixed surfactants[J].J.Supercritical Fluids,2018,138:115-123.
[25]Zhou Y,Zhang J,Zhang Z,et al.Enhanced performance of short-time aerobic digestion for waste activated sludge under the presence of cocoamidopropyl betaine[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,320:494-500.
[26]Zhou Y,Zhang Z,Zhang J,et al.Understanding key constituents and feature of the biopolymer in activated sludge responsible for binding heavy metals[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,304:527-532.
[27]Miyake M.Recent progress of the characterization of oppositely charged polymer/surfactant complex in dilution deposition system[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2017,239:146-157.
[28]Wang Y,Chen G,Li Y,et al.Experimental study of the bio-oil production from sewage sludgeby supercritical conversion process[J].Waste Management,2015,33:2408-2415.
[29]Zhou D,Zhang S,Fu H,et al.Liquefaction of macroalgae enteromorpha prolifera in sub-supercritical alcohols:Direct production of ester compounds[J].Energy&Fuels,2012,26:2342-2351.