不同生境黑果枸杞实生苗生长及土壤养分空间差异的研究
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摘要
研究不同生境黑果枸杞实生苗数量、生长状况、生物量分配及土壤养分空间差异,探讨环境因子对黑果枸杞实生苗生长的影响,为黑果枸杞种群恢复及持续经营提供理论依据。采用固定样地调查法,于2016年对张掖市甘州区、临泽县、肃南县及周边地区的农田地埂、水渠边、盐化沙地、盐碱荒地等各生境黑果枸杞进行调查。研究结果表明:不同生境均有黑果枸杞实生苗分布,农田地埂生境实生苗数量相对水渠边、盐化沙地、盐碱荒地分别增加66.67%、122.22%、215.79%。因环境条件差异,不同生境的黑果枸杞实生苗采取了不同的生存策略适应环境:农田地埂生境的黑果枸杞主要为增高生长,盐化沙地的黑果枸杞主要为冠幅的增长,而盐碱荒地的黑果枸杞主要为增粗生长。农田地埂生境0～20 cm土层有机质含量相对水渠边、盐化沙地、盐碱荒地分别增加28.50%、2.62%、10.13%;全氮含量分别增加44.08%、33.16%、72.41%;有效氮含量分别增加46.81%、0%、50%。空气湿度、土壤含水量对黑果枸杞幼苗数量及幼苗生长有显著影响。在今后的黑果枸杞栽培管理中,幼苗期应加强水分管理。
In order to provide theoretical basis to population restoration and sustainable growth of Lycium ruthenicum, we studied the seedling number, growth conditions, biomass allocation,spatial variability of soil nutrient, and the effect of environment factors on Lycium ruthenicum seedlings growth under various growth environments. By using sample plot investigation method, the Lycium ruthenicum growth was investigated in various habitats such as field bund, irrigation canal side, saline sandy soil, and salty land in Ganzhou District, Linze County, Sunan County, and surrounding areas of city of Zhangye in 2016. The results showed that the seedlings distributed in all habitats, and the number of the seedlings in the field bund was the greatest among all habitats i.e. 66.67%, 122.22%, and 215.79% of that in canal side, saline sandy, and salty land, respectively. The growth characteristics varied among habitats. The seedlings in the field bund were mainly growth in height while that in saline sandy were mainly the growth in crown. In salty land, the seedlings were mainly the growth in stem diameter. The organic matter contents in 0～20 cm soil layer in field bund increased 28.50%, 2.62%, and 10.13%; total N increased 44.08%, 33.16%, and 72.41%; and available N increased 46.81%, 0%, and 50%, over that in canal side, saline sandy, and salty land, respectively. It is shown that the air humidity and soil moisture contents had significant effects on seedling numbers and growth. It is concluded that water management in the seedling stage is an important mean for the production of Lycium ruthenicum.
In order to provide theoretical basis to population restoration and sustainable growth of Lycium ruthenicum, we studied the seedling number, growth conditions, biomass allocation,spatial variability of soil nutrient, and the effect of environment factors on Lycium ruthenicum seedlings growth under various growth environments. By using sample plot investigation method, the Lycium ruthenicum growth was investigated in various habitats such as field bund, irrigation canal side, saline sandy soil, and salty land in Ganzhou District, Linze County, Sunan County, and surrounding areas of city of Zhangye in 2016. The results showed that the seedlings distributed in all habitats, and the number of the seedlings in the field bund was the greatest among all habitats i.e. 66.67%, 122.22%, and 215.79% of that in canal side, saline sandy, and salty land, respectively. The growth characteristics varied among habitats. The seedlings in the field bund were mainly growth in height while that in saline sandy were mainly the growth in crown. In salty land, the seedlings were mainly the growth in stem diameter. The organic matter contents in 0～20 cm soil layer in field bund increased 28.50%, 2.62%, and 10.13%; total N increased 44.08%, 33.16%, and 72.41%; and available N increased 46.81%, 0%, and 50%, over that in canal side, saline sandy, and salty land, respectively. It is shown that the air humidity and soil moisture contents had significant effects on seedling numbers and growth. It is concluded that water management in the seedling stage is an important mean for the production of Lycium ruthenicum.
引文
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[16] 许中旗,黄选瑞,徐成立,等.光照条件对蒙古栎幼苗生长及形态特征的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1121-1128.
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[2] Liu Z G,Dang J,Wang Q L,et al.Optimization of polysaccharides from Lycium ruthenicum fruit using RSM and its antioxidant activity[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2013,61:127-134.
[3] Liu Z G,Shu Q Y,wang L,et al.Genetic diversity of the endangered and medically important Lycium ruthenicum Murr.revealed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers[J].Biochemical Systema tics and Ecology,2012,45:86-97.
[4] Zheng J,Ding C X,Wang L S,et al.Anthocyanins composition and antioxidant activity of wild Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Food Chemistry,2011,126(3):859-865.
[5] 戴国礼,秦垦,曹有龙,等.黑果枸杞的花部结构及繁育系统特征[J].广西植物,2013,33(1):126-132.
[6] 王桔红,马瑞君,陈文.冷层积和室温干燥贮藏对河西走廊8种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(8):791-801.
[7] 韩多红,李善家,王恩军,等.外源钙对盐胁迫下黑果枸杞种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(1):34-39.
[8] Chen H K,Zhao W H.Effect of NaCl stress on seed germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr[J].Agriculture Science and Technology,2010,11(4):37-38.
[9] 何芳兰,赵明,王继和,等.几种荒漠植物种子萌发对干旱胁迫的响应及其抗旱性评价研究[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(1):100-106.
[10] 关继义,陈立新.土壤实验实习教程[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2005:85-187.
[11] 付婵娟,刘艳红,赵本元.神农架巴山冷杉群落更新特点及影响因素[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4179-4186.
[12] 马莉薇,张文辉,薛瑶芹,等.秦岭北坡不同生境栓皮栎实生苗生长及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6512-6520.
[13] 郭有燕,张文辉,周建云,等.黄土高原丘陵区文冠果天然种群实生苗更新特征[J].林业科学,2015,51(2):11-17.
[14] Ziegenhagen B,Kausch W.Productivity of young shaded oaks(Quercusrobur L.) as corresponding to shoot morphology and leaf anatomy[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1995,72(2-3):97-108.
[15] 陈章和,张德明.南亚热带森林24种乔木的种子萌发和幼苗生长[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1999,7(1):37-46.
[16] 许中旗,黄选瑞,徐成立,等.光照条件对蒙古栎幼苗生长及形态特征的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1121-1128.
[17] 闫兴富,王建礼,周立彪.光照对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1682-1688.
[18] Henderson D E,Jose S.Biomass production potential of three short rotation woody crop species under varying nitrogen and water availability[J].Agroforestry Systems,2010,80(2):259-273.
[19] Asbjornsen H,Vogt K A,Ashton M S.Synergistic responses of oak,pine and shrub seedlings to edge environments and drought in a fragmented tropical highland oak forest,Oaxaca,Mexico[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,192(2-3):313-334.
[20] 吴敏,张文辉,周建云,等.不同分布区栓皮栎实生苗更新及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2106-2114.