新疆地区药用肉苁蓉表型多样性及聚类分析
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摘要
该文对3种药用肉苁蓉居群进行调查取样,选取来源于新疆17个肉苁蓉分布区的样点,生长状况良好的118份药用肉苁蓉样品的14项表观性状进行观察测量,对9个表型数量性状进行ANOVA和聚类分析。结果显示肉苁蓉表观性状变异丰富,9项性状指标有8项在种间存在显著差异。3种肉苁蓉性状总体变异系数以着花密度最大(71.1%),筒长变异系数最小(15.9%)。不同居群间表型性状分化明显,其中着花数平均变异系数最大(46.5%)、筒长的平均变异系数最小(10.0%);D4居群的平均变异系数最大(41.1%)、S3居群的平均变异系数最小(13.5%)。系统聚类显示,在欧氏距离为15时,肉苁蓉样品分为三大类群,新疆北部的居群S1,S3,D1,S2,D4,D6,D7,D5聚为一类,新疆东部和中部的居群D8,S4,D9,D2,D3聚为一类,肉苁蓉和盐生肉苁蓉居群未能完全分开,但明显区分于管花肉苁蓉居群T1,T3,T2。不同居群间呈斑块状分布,每一类群具有相似的形态特征。表型多样性研究结果表明肉苁蓉在不同的分布区呈现不同的表型特征,直观地显示了肉苁蓉的居群差异,填补了近年来肉苁蓉形态学研究的空白。肉苁蓉的表型变异与寄主种类没有显著相关性,而是与分布区域有关,推测是由于山脉阻隔形成地理隔离,导致肉苁蓉在长期的适应与进化过程中形成各居群特有的遗传结构,研究结果体现了肉苁蓉在环境适应上的潜能,可为肉苁蓉资源保护及优良种质的选育提供科学依据。
To intuitively understand the phenotypic diversity of intra-population and inter-population of the medicinal Cistanche Herba distributed in Xinjiang province, three species of Cistanche Herba were selected for the first time to be conducted to phenotypic observation and measurement from the morphological perspective, aiming to fill the gap in the morphological research concerning Cistanche Herba, and discuss about the relationship between the phenotypic variation and the host plants together with the geographical conditions, thus better understanding the speciation and evolutionary mechanism of Cistanche Herba and providing some scientific basis for the resource protection and germplasm breeding of Cistanche Herba. Based on sampling survey, a total of 118 well grown medicinal Cistanche samples from 17 Cistanche Herba distribution areas in Xinjiang province were selected, and various indexes were observed and measured. Besides, ANOVA and clustering analysis were conducted with 9 phenotypic quantity characters. The Cistanche Herba was plentiful in phenotypic variation. For detail, significant intra-population differences were observed in eight of the nine character indexes, and the intra-population differences were more obvious than those of inter-population. For each quantity character of the three species, the flower density possessed the maximal variable coefficient(71.1%) while the flower length was the minimum(15.9%). The phenotypic variation was also obvious among different populations. Specifically, the average variable coefficient of flower number was the maximal one(46.5%) and the flower length was the minimum one(10.0%). For different populations, the average variable coefficient of the D4 population was the maximal one(41.1%) and the S3 population was the minimum one(13.5%). According to the clustering analysis, all the samples of Cistanche Herba could be divided into three groups when the Euclidean distance was set at 15. The populations of S1, S3, D1, S2, D4, D6, D7 and D5 which distributed in the north of Xinjiang were clustered into one group, and the populations of D8, S4, D9, D2 and D3 that grown in east and central of Xinjiang were clustered into another group. The populations of C. deserticola and C. salsa could not be completely separated, but both of them were obviously differentiated from the T1, T3 and T2 populations of C. tubulosa. Besides, the C. deserticola and C. salsa displayed a patch distribution among different populations, and similar phenotypic characters were shared for each population. The research results of phenotype were consistent with that of molecular biology study of Cistanche Herba. The different phenotypic characters in different distribution areas were deduced to be arose from geographical isolation caused by mountains, which led to the specific genetic structure for each population of Cistanche Herba during the long-term adaptation and evolution. In conclusion, the current study showed the adaptation potency of Cistanche Herba exposed to different habitats.
To intuitively understand the phenotypic diversity of intra-population and inter-population of the medicinal Cistanche Herba distributed in Xinjiang province, three species of Cistanche Herba were selected for the first time to be conducted to phenotypic observation and measurement from the morphological perspective, aiming to fill the gap in the morphological research concerning Cistanche Herba, and discuss about the relationship between the phenotypic variation and the host plants together with the geographical conditions, thus better understanding the speciation and evolutionary mechanism of Cistanche Herba and providing some scientific basis for the resource protection and germplasm breeding of Cistanche Herba. Based on sampling survey, a total of 118 well grown medicinal Cistanche samples from 17 Cistanche Herba distribution areas in Xinjiang province were selected, and various indexes were observed and measured. Besides, ANOVA and clustering analysis were conducted with 9 phenotypic quantity characters. The Cistanche Herba was plentiful in phenotypic variation. For detail, significant intra-population differences were observed in eight of the nine character indexes, and the intra-population differences were more obvious than those of inter-population. For each quantity character of the three species, the flower density possessed the maximal variable coefficient(71.1%) while the flower length was the minimum(15.9%). The phenotypic variation was also obvious among different populations. Specifically, the average variable coefficient of flower number was the maximal one(46.5%) and the flower length was the minimum one(10.0%). For different populations, the average variable coefficient of the D4 population was the maximal one(41.1%) and the S3 population was the minimum one(13.5%). According to the clustering analysis, all the samples of Cistanche Herba could be divided into three groups when the Euclidean distance was set at 15. The populations of S1, S3, D1, S2, D4, D6, D7 and D5 which distributed in the north of Xinjiang were clustered into one group, and the populations of D8, S4, D9, D2 and D3 that grown in east and central of Xinjiang were clustered into another group. The populations of C. deserticola and C. salsa could not be completely separated, but both of them were obviously differentiated from the T1, T3 and T2 populations of C. tubulosa. Besides, the C. deserticola and C. salsa displayed a patch distribution among different populations, and similar phenotypic characters were shared for each population. The research results of phenotype were consistent with that of molecular biology study of Cistanche Herba. The different phenotypic characters in different distribution areas were deduced to be arose from geographical isolation caused by mountains, which led to the specific genetic structure for each population of Cistanche Herba during the long-term adaptation and evolution. In conclusion, the current study showed the adaptation potency of Cistanche Herba exposed to different habitats.
引文
[1] 程齐来,陈君. 肉苁蓉属植物研究概况[J]. 中药材,2004,27(10):789.
[2] 牛娟, 武燕, 何华, 等. 梭梭人工接种肉苁蓉与野生肉苁蓉活性成分及金属元素的含量测定[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2017, 34(5): 671.
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[4] 中国药典.一部[S]. 1963.
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[14] R Claen-Bockhoff, E G H Oliver. A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data[J]. Taxon,2011,60(4):1138.
[15] Wolfe A D, Randle C P, Liu L, et al. Phylogeny and biogeography of Orobanchaceae[J]. Folia Geobot,2005,40:115.
[16] 杨继. 植物种内形态变异的机制及其研究方法[J]. 武汉植物学研究,1991,9(2):185.
[17] 徐晓琴,倪慧,魏鸿雁,等. 新疆地产三种肉苁蓉的显微鉴别研究[J]. 时珍国医国药,2013(4):881.
[18] 周季维. 生物统计学入门[M]. 昆明:云南人民出版社,1985.
[19] 周福军,颜庭芬,王琴,等. 高山红景天形态分化与生存环境关系的研究[J]. 植物研究,2001,21(1):90.
[20] 黄林芳,郑司浩,武拉斌,等. 基于化学成分及分子特征中药材肉苁蓉生态型研究[J]. 中国科学:生命科学,2014,44(3):318.
[21] 屠鹏飞,楼之岑,李顺成,等. 三种肉苁蓉补肾阳药效比较[J]. 中药材,1996(8):420.
[22] Thorogood C J, Rumsey F J, Harris S A, et al. Host-driven divergence in the parasitic plant Orobanche minor Sm. (Orobanchaceae)[J]. Mol Ecol,2008,17(19):4289.
[23] 张慧,黄蜚颖,苏本伟,等. 寄主对桑寄生药材质量的影响[J]. 世界科学技术——中医药现代化,2016,18(7):1182.
[2] 牛娟, 武燕, 何华, 等. 梭梭人工接种肉苁蓉与野生肉苁蓉活性成分及金属元素的含量测定[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2017, 34(5): 671.
[3] 王文采,潘开玉,张志耘,等. 中国植物志.第69卷[M] 北京:科学出版社,1990:82.
[4] 中国药典.一部[S]. 1963.
[5] 陈士林,姚辉,韩建萍,等. 中药材DNA条形码分子鉴定指导原则[J]. 中国中药杂志,2013,38(2):141.
[6] 中国药典.一部[S]. 2005:126.
[7] 屠鹏飞,何燕萍,楼之岑. 肉苁蓉的本草考证[J]. 中国中药杂志,1994,19(1):3.
[8] 孙永强,郑兴国,陆中元,等. 新疆肉苁蓉资源及人工种植研究初探[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(3):123.
[9] 温都苏. 中国肉苁蓉属的分类学研究及其寄主植物的确定[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[10] 徐荣,陈君,陈士林. 肉苁蓉种质资源多样性的AFLP分析[J]. 中草药,2007,38(11):1703.
[11] 徐荣,朱维成,于晶. 肉苁蓉种质主要性状的变异和相关分析[J]. 中国农学通报,2009,14(25):59.
[12] 胡世林,赵中振,池群. 中国道地药材[M]. 哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1989.
[13] 陈士林,肖培根. 中药资源可持续利用导论[M]. 北京:中国医学科技出版社,2006.
[14] R Claen-Bockhoff, E G H Oliver. A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data[J]. Taxon,2011,60(4):1138.
[15] Wolfe A D, Randle C P, Liu L, et al. Phylogeny and biogeography of Orobanchaceae[J]. Folia Geobot,2005,40:115.
[16] 杨继. 植物种内形态变异的机制及其研究方法[J]. 武汉植物学研究,1991,9(2):185.
[17] 徐晓琴,倪慧,魏鸿雁,等. 新疆地产三种肉苁蓉的显微鉴别研究[J]. 时珍国医国药,2013(4):881.
[18] 周季维. 生物统计学入门[M]. 昆明:云南人民出版社,1985.
[19] 周福军,颜庭芬,王琴,等. 高山红景天形态分化与生存环境关系的研究[J]. 植物研究,2001,21(1):90.
[20] 黄林芳,郑司浩,武拉斌,等. 基于化学成分及分子特征中药材肉苁蓉生态型研究[J]. 中国科学:生命科学,2014,44(3):318.
[21] 屠鹏飞,楼之岑,李顺成,等. 三种肉苁蓉补肾阳药效比较[J]. 中药材,1996(8):420.
[22] Thorogood C J, Rumsey F J, Harris S A, et al. Host-driven divergence in the parasitic plant Orobanche minor Sm. (Orobanchaceae)[J]. Mol Ecol,2008,17(19):4289.
[23] 张慧,黄蜚颖,苏本伟,等. 寄主对桑寄生药材质量的影响[J]. 世界科学技术——中医药现代化,2016,18(7):1182.