余云岫《古代疾病名候疏义》释义方法与特点研究
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摘要
余云岫所著《古代疾病名候疏义》内容丰富、考释词义严谨。其释义方法为解释一个医词时,不仅要查阅医书,还要参考其他类别的典籍及旧注。查阅同一个医词在不同古籍中的记载,使不同典籍中针对同一医词的训释互见,发现异同,辅助互证。旧注可以帮助后人理解词义,对有疑义的词义,旧注虽未得出最终结论,但可提供大量参考材料,供后人考证时使用。医学词汇在流传过程中不免产生误用、歧义,造成混讹,使词的本义不明。余云岫追本溯源,离析辨别词义,使相混用的医词词义明晰。有些疾病证候名涉医的义项并不是该词的本义,而是从本义推出的引申义。余云岫受到西方医学的影响,阐释医词词义时,力求找到与该医词对应的西医病名。结合中国医学与西方医学说明病名,加之余云岫从医的经验,指明这些中国早期古籍中的病证名在中国医学典籍与西方医学中的所指,有利于近现代人理解古代医词所指的病证名。
Yu Yunxiu′s Gu Dai Ji Bing Ming Hou Shu Yi(Ancient Disease Names and Syndromes) is rich in content and rigorous in interpretation.The interpretation method includes consulting medical books and referring to other categories of classics and notes.The records of the same medical words in different ancient books were checked,so that the interpretations of the same medical words in different books can be seen and found,and the similarities and differences can be found.The old note can help future generations understand the meaning of the word.For the meaning with doubt,the old note does not reach the final conclusion but it can provide a large amount of reference materials for later researches.In the process of circulation,medical vocabulary inevitably was faced with misuse and ambiguity,causing confusion and making the original meaning of the word unknown.Yu Yunxiu traced the source of the original and separated the meaning of the words,so that the meaning of the mixed medical words was clear.Some disease syndrome names are not the original meaning of the word,but it may be the implication of the original meaning.Yu Yunxiu was influenced by western medicine.When interpreting the meaning of medical words,he sought to find the name of the western medicine that corresponds to the medical word.Combining Chinese medicine and western medicine to explain the name of the disease as well as combining his experience in medical treatment,he pointed out that the names of the diseased were used in ancient Chinese medical classics and western medicine,which is conducive to the understanding of ancient medical words for modern people.
Yu Yunxiu′s Gu Dai Ji Bing Ming Hou Shu Yi(Ancient Disease Names and Syndromes) is rich in content and rigorous in interpretation.The interpretation method includes consulting medical books and referring to other categories of classics and notes.The records of the same medical words in different ancient books were checked,so that the interpretations of the same medical words in different books can be seen and found,and the similarities and differences can be found.The old note can help future generations understand the meaning of the word.For the meaning with doubt,the old note does not reach the final conclusion but it can provide a large amount of reference materials for later researches.In the process of circulation,medical vocabulary inevitably was faced with misuse and ambiguity,causing confusion and making the original meaning of the word unknown.Yu Yunxiu traced the source of the original and separated the meaning of the words,so that the meaning of the mixed medical words was clear.Some disease syndrome names are not the original meaning of the word,but it may be the implication of the original meaning.Yu Yunxiu was influenced by western medicine.When interpreting the meaning of medical words,he sought to find the name of the western medicine that corresponds to the medical word.Combining Chinese medicine and western medicine to explain the name of the disease as well as combining his experience in medical treatment,he pointed out that the names of the diseased were used in ancient Chinese medical classics and western medicine,which is conducive to the understanding of ancient medical words for modern people.
引文
[1]余云岫.古代疾病名候疏义[M].张苇航,王育林,点校.北京:学苑出版社,2012.
[2]许慎.说文解字[M].徐铉,校定.北京:中华书局,2013.
[3]朱祖廷.尔雅诂林[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,1996.
[4]十三经注疏·毛诗正义[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[5]钱绎.方言箋疏[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1984.
[6]刘熙.释名疏证补[M].毕沅,疏证.王先谦,补.北京:中华书局,2008.
[2]许慎.说文解字[M].徐铉,校定.北京:中华书局,2013.
[3]朱祖廷.尔雅诂林[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,1996.
[4]十三经注疏·毛诗正义[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[5]钱绎.方言箋疏[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1984.
[6]刘熙.释名疏证补[M].毕沅,疏证.王先谦,补.北京:中华书局,2008.