玻璃生产关键工艺性能的测量方法综述
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摘要
综述玻璃生产制备过程中的关键工艺性能的测量表征方法和适用仪器设备,关键工艺性能主要包括熔解特性、熔体特性、侵蚀特性和温黏特性等。熔解特性包括原料选择、原料间互溶反应、玻璃液澄清等;熔体特性包括表面张力、高温电阻率、羟基含量等;侵蚀特性包括玻璃液对耐火材料的侵蚀和耐火材料对玻璃液的污染两个方面;温黏特性主要包括高温黏度(熔融温度Tm、工作点Tw、液相线TL)、中温黏度(软化点Ts)、低温黏度(膨胀软化点Td、退火点Ta、转变点Tg和应变点Tst等)。上述工艺性能精确测量和表征,对制备高质量玻璃制品具有重要意义。
This article reviews the measurement and characterization methods for key process performances in glass production and applicable equipment.The key process properties include melt properties,meltliquid characteristics,erosion properties,and temperature-viscosity properties.Melting characteristics include the screening of raw materials,mutual solubility of raw materials,the clarification of the liquid glass;melt-liquid properties include surface tension,high temperature resistivity and hydroxyl content;erosion characteristics include erosion of glass materials on refractory and refractory material on glass;temperature-viscosity characteristics include high temperature viscosity(melting temperature Tm,working point Tw,liquid line TL),medium temperature viscosity(softening point Ts),low temperature viscosity(dilatometric transition point Td,annealing point Ta,transition point Tgand strain point Tst).Accurate measurement and characterization of the above process properties are important for the preparation of high quality glass products.
This article reviews the measurement and characterization methods for key process performances in glass production and applicable equipment.The key process properties include melt properties,meltliquid characteristics,erosion properties,and temperature-viscosity properties.Melting characteristics include the screening of raw materials,mutual solubility of raw materials,the clarification of the liquid glass;melt-liquid properties include surface tension,high temperature resistivity and hydroxyl content;erosion characteristics include erosion of glass materials on refractory and refractory material on glass;temperature-viscosity characteristics include high temperature viscosity(melting temperature Tm,working point Tw,liquid line TL),medium temperature viscosity(softening point Ts),low temperature viscosity(dilatometric transition point Td,annealing point Ta,transition point Tgand strain point Tst).Accurate measurement and characterization of the above process properties are important for the preparation of high quality glass products.
引文
[1]田英良.铝硅酸盐电子玻璃发展动态[C].2011中国硅酸盐学会电子玻璃分会论文选编,2011.
[2]Ellison A,Cornejo I A.Glass substrates for liquid crystal displays[J].International Journal of Applied Glass Science,2010,1(1):87-103.
[3]韩建军,吴孟鸣,汤何锐,等.TFT-LCD基板玻璃的研究与发展[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(12):4078-4083.
[4]Gerthoffer A,Roux F,Emieux F,et al.CIGS solar cells on flexible ultra-thin glass substrates:Characterization and bending test[J].Thin Solid Films,2015,592:99-104.
[5]Chen J,Liu C T.Technology advances in flexible displays and substrates[J].IEEE Access,2013,1:150-158.
[6]田英良,孙诗兵.新编玻璃工艺学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2009.
[7]田英良,程金树,张磊,等.硅砂原料对无碱铝硼硅玻璃熔化特性的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2012,30(1):102-105.
[8]ASTM C42916,Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture[S].
[9]ASTM C14694a(2014),Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Glass Sand[S].
[10]田英良.高碱铝硅酸盐玻璃熔化反应及澄清问题研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012.
[11]马立云,赵凤阳,单传丽,等.澄清剂对高应变点玻璃的澄清效果研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(4):1383-1387.
[12]田英良,郭曙光,孙诗兵,等.B2O3对TFT-LCD基板玻璃表面张力的影响[C].2014国际先进玻璃熔制技术研讨会论文集,2014:83-89.
[13]刘尧龙,陆平,程金树.Zr O2对高硼硅玻璃高温粘度和表面张力的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(9):2777-2780.
[14]Zhang F Y,Mukai K,Takagi K,et al.Surface tension and its temperature coefficient of molten tin determined with the sessile drop method at different oxygen partial pressures[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2002,254(2):338-345.
[15]ASTM C81390(2014),Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle[S].
[16]田英良.医药玻璃[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.
[17]田英良,程金树,朱满康,等.高碱铝硅酸盐玻璃高温电阻特性[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(1):127-130.
[18]田英良,朱满康,郭现龙,等.Sr O/(Sr O+Ca O)比对无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃高温电阻特性影响研究[C].2011国际先进玻璃熔制技术研讨会,2011.
[19]汪庆卫,宁伟,施山利,等.玻璃窑炉中耐火材料侵蚀机理分析及探讨[C].中国玻璃工业节能新技术交流大会,2012.
[20]吕洪珊.TFT-LCD项目使用的高级耐火材料[J].中国硅酸盐学会电子玻璃分会2010年光电子玻璃技术研讨会,2011.
[21]黄杰.我国全氧玻璃窑炉耐火材料现状及提高[C].全国玻璃工业节能新技术交流大会,2010.
[22]ASTM C62109(2014),Standard Test Method for Isothermal Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass[S].
[23]ASTM C122 09(2014),Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories[S].
[24]李晓媛.玻璃窑用耐火材料的评价技术[J].耐火与石灰,1997(12):17-21.
[25]GB 10204-1988,玻璃熔窑用耐火材料静态下_抗玻璃液侵蚀试验方法[S].
[26]张磊.TFT-LCD基板玻璃配方及工艺性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2011.
[27]ASTM C965-96(2017),Standard Practice for Measuring Viscosity of Glass Above the Softening Point[S].
[28]耿铁,盛洁,蔚川乐,等.玻璃析晶温度及其研究概述[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(11):3672-3675.
[29]ASTM C82981(2015),Standard Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method[S].
[30]ISO 7884-3-1987,Glass-Viscosity and viscometric fixed points-Part 3:Determination of viscosity by fibre elongation viscometer[S].
[31]Anma M.Thermal dimensional stability of glass substrates for poly-Si TFT-LCD application[J].Journal of the Society for Information Display,2001,9(2):95-99.
[32]ASTM C1350M-96(2003),Standard Test Method for Measurement of Viscosity of Glass Between Softening Point and Annealing Range(Approximately 108 Pa·s to Approximately 1013 Pa·s)by Beam Bending(Metric)[S].
[33]ISO 7884-8-1987,Glass-Viscosity and viscometric fixed points-Part 8:Determination of(dilatometric)transformation temperature[S].
[34]JIS R3103-1-2001,Viscosity and viscometric fixed points of glass-Part 1:Determination of softening point[S].
[35]ASTM C1351M96(2017),Standard Test Method for Measurement of Viscosity of Glass Between 104Pa·s and 108Pa·s by Viscous Compression of a Solid Right Cylinder[Metric][S]
[2]Ellison A,Cornejo I A.Glass substrates for liquid crystal displays[J].International Journal of Applied Glass Science,2010,1(1):87-103.
[3]韩建军,吴孟鸣,汤何锐,等.TFT-LCD基板玻璃的研究与发展[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(12):4078-4083.
[4]Gerthoffer A,Roux F,Emieux F,et al.CIGS solar cells on flexible ultra-thin glass substrates:Characterization and bending test[J].Thin Solid Films,2015,592:99-104.
[5]Chen J,Liu C T.Technology advances in flexible displays and substrates[J].IEEE Access,2013,1:150-158.
[6]田英良,孙诗兵.新编玻璃工艺学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2009.
[7]田英良,程金树,张磊,等.硅砂原料对无碱铝硼硅玻璃熔化特性的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2012,30(1):102-105.
[8]ASTM C42916,Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture[S].
[9]ASTM C14694a(2014),Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Glass Sand[S].
[10]田英良.高碱铝硅酸盐玻璃熔化反应及澄清问题研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012.
[11]马立云,赵凤阳,单传丽,等.澄清剂对高应变点玻璃的澄清效果研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(4):1383-1387.
[12]田英良,郭曙光,孙诗兵,等.B2O3对TFT-LCD基板玻璃表面张力的影响[C].2014国际先进玻璃熔制技术研讨会论文集,2014:83-89.
[13]刘尧龙,陆平,程金树.Zr O2对高硼硅玻璃高温粘度和表面张力的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(9):2777-2780.
[14]Zhang F Y,Mukai K,Takagi K,et al.Surface tension and its temperature coefficient of molten tin determined with the sessile drop method at different oxygen partial pressures[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2002,254(2):338-345.
[15]ASTM C81390(2014),Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle[S].
[16]田英良.医药玻璃[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.
[17]田英良,程金树,朱满康,等.高碱铝硅酸盐玻璃高温电阻特性[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(1):127-130.
[18]田英良,朱满康,郭现龙,等.Sr O/(Sr O+Ca O)比对无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃高温电阻特性影响研究[C].2011国际先进玻璃熔制技术研讨会,2011.
[19]汪庆卫,宁伟,施山利,等.玻璃窑炉中耐火材料侵蚀机理分析及探讨[C].中国玻璃工业节能新技术交流大会,2012.
[20]吕洪珊.TFT-LCD项目使用的高级耐火材料[J].中国硅酸盐学会电子玻璃分会2010年光电子玻璃技术研讨会,2011.
[21]黄杰.我国全氧玻璃窑炉耐火材料现状及提高[C].全国玻璃工业节能新技术交流大会,2010.
[22]ASTM C62109(2014),Standard Test Method for Isothermal Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass[S].
[23]ASTM C122 09(2014),Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories[S].
[24]李晓媛.玻璃窑用耐火材料的评价技术[J].耐火与石灰,1997(12):17-21.
[25]GB 10204-1988,玻璃熔窑用耐火材料静态下_抗玻璃液侵蚀试验方法[S].
[26]张磊.TFT-LCD基板玻璃配方及工艺性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2011.
[27]ASTM C965-96(2017),Standard Practice for Measuring Viscosity of Glass Above the Softening Point[S].
[28]耿铁,盛洁,蔚川乐,等.玻璃析晶温度及其研究概述[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(11):3672-3675.
[29]ASTM C82981(2015),Standard Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method[S].
[30]ISO 7884-3-1987,Glass-Viscosity and viscometric fixed points-Part 3:Determination of viscosity by fibre elongation viscometer[S].
[31]Anma M.Thermal dimensional stability of glass substrates for poly-Si TFT-LCD application[J].Journal of the Society for Information Display,2001,9(2):95-99.
[32]ASTM C1350M-96(2003),Standard Test Method for Measurement of Viscosity of Glass Between Softening Point and Annealing Range(Approximately 108 Pa·s to Approximately 1013 Pa·s)by Beam Bending(Metric)[S].
[33]ISO 7884-8-1987,Glass-Viscosity and viscometric fixed points-Part 8:Determination of(dilatometric)transformation temperature[S].
[34]JIS R3103-1-2001,Viscosity and viscometric fixed points of glass-Part 1:Determination of softening point[S].
[35]ASTM C1351M96(2017),Standard Test Method for Measurement of Viscosity of Glass Between 104Pa·s and 108Pa·s by Viscous Compression of a Solid Right Cylinder[Metric][S]