固化模式对双固化树脂水门汀微观机械性能及聚合程度的影响
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摘要
目的研究不同固化模式对临床常用的两种双固化树脂水门汀表面纳米硬度、弹性模量、压入蠕变等微观机械性能及聚合程度的影响。方法采用即刻光照、间歇光照、延迟光照和无光照四种不同的固化模式,分别对Rely X Unicem、Perma Cem 2.0两种双固化树脂水门汀进行固化,制备厚度为0.5 mm、直径5 mm的圆形测试试件。室温避光保存24 h后,使用纳米压痕法对表面纳米硬度、弹性模量、压入蠕变等微观机械性能进行测量,使用傅立叶变换红外光谱-衰减全发射法测试材料的转化率。利用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行分析(α=0.05)。结果固化模式对本实验选用的两种双固化树脂水门汀的表面纳米硬度、弹性模量有显著影响(P<0.001)。对于Rely X Unicem,无光照组的表面纳米硬度、弹性模量最低,分别为(153.1±14.6)MPa和(7.6±0.7)GPa,即刻、间歇、延迟光照组差异无统计学意义。对于Perma Cem 2.0,无光照组的表面纳米硬度、弹性模量最低,分别为(244.8±21.1)MPa和(7.3±0.5)GPa,即刻、间歇、延迟光照组差异无统计学意义。固化模式对Rely X Unicem的压入蠕变有显著影响(F=135.41,P<0.001),对Perma Cem 2.0也有显著影响(F=148.94,P<0.001),其由高到低依次为:无光照组>延迟光照组>即刻、间歇光照组。固化模式对Perma Cem 2.0的转化率有显著影响(F=20.76,P=0.004),但对Rely X Unicem的转化率无显著影响(F=0.899,P=0.447)。结论双固化树脂水门汀在无光照时容易固化不全,降低其微观机械性能。即刻、间歇光照比延迟光照更有利于降低树脂水门汀的压入蠕变。固化模式对不同种类的双固化树脂水门汀聚合程度及微观机械性能的影响程度不同。
Objective To investigate the influence of different curing modes on nanohardness,elastic modulus,indentation creep and monomer conversion of two types of dual-cured resin cements.Methods Specimens of 5 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated with two dual-cured resincements:Rely X Unicem(RU)and Perma Cem 2.0(PC),under four different curing modes:immediatelight-curing mode(IML),intermittent light-curing mode(ITL),delayed light-cuing mode(DL)andchemical curing mode(CC). After 24 hours′ storage in darkness at room temperature,nanohardness,elastic modulus and indentation creep were measured with a nanoindentation device under a 10 m N loadfor 20 s holding time. Monomer conversion was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software(α=0.05). Results Curing modes showed significant influence on nanohardness and elastic modulus for both RU and PC(P<0.001). For RU,nanohardness and elastic modulus of CC group were the lowest among the four curing modes,which were(153.1 ± 14.6)MPa and(7.6 ± 0.7)GPa,respectively. For PC,nanohardness and elastic modulus of CC group were the lowest among the four curing modes,which were(244.8 ± 21.1)MPa and(7.3 ± 0.5)GPa,respectively. There were no significant differences in nanohardness and elastic modulus among IML,ITL and DL groups for both RU and PC. Curing modes showed significant influence on indentation creep for RU(F = 135.41,P<0.001)and PC(F = 148.94,P<0.001),which ranked in the following order:CC>DL>IML,ITL. For RU,there were no significant difference in monomer conversion among the four curing modes(F = 0.899,P = 0.447). However,there were significant difference in monomer conversion among the four curing modes for PC(F = 20.76,P = 0.004). Conclusions Lack of light activation resulted in an insufficient polymerization and compromised mechanical properties for dual-cured resin cements.Immediate and delayed light curing modes produce higher indentation creep. Curing modes had different levels of impact on the mechanical properties and monomer conversion of dual-cured resin cements with different components.
Objective To investigate the influence of different curing modes on nanohardness,elastic modulus,indentation creep and monomer conversion of two types of dual-cured resin cements.Methods Specimens of 5 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thickness were fabricated with two dual-cured resincements:Rely X Unicem(RU)and Perma Cem 2.0(PC),under four different curing modes:immediatelight-curing mode(IML),intermittent light-curing mode(ITL),delayed light-cuing mode(DL)andchemical curing mode(CC). After 24 hours′ storage in darkness at room temperature,nanohardness,elastic modulus and indentation creep were measured with a nanoindentation device under a 10 m N loadfor 20 s holding time. Monomer conversion was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software(α=0.05). Results Curing modes showed significant influence on nanohardness and elastic modulus for both RU and PC(P<0.001). For RU,nanohardness and elastic modulus of CC group were the lowest among the four curing modes,which were(153.1 ± 14.6)MPa and(7.6 ± 0.7)GPa,respectively. For PC,nanohardness and elastic modulus of CC group were the lowest among the four curing modes,which were(244.8 ± 21.1)MPa and(7.3 ± 0.5)GPa,respectively. There were no significant differences in nanohardness and elastic modulus among IML,ITL and DL groups for both RU and PC. Curing modes showed significant influence on indentation creep for RU(F = 135.41,P<0.001)and PC(F = 148.94,P<0.001),which ranked in the following order:CC>DL>IML,ITL. For RU,there were no significant difference in monomer conversion among the four curing modes(F = 0.899,P = 0.447). However,there were significant difference in monomer conversion among the four curing modes for PC(F = 20.76,P = 0.004). Conclusions Lack of light activation resulted in an insufficient polymerization and compromised mechanical properties for dual-cured resin cements.Immediate and delayed light curing modes produce higher indentation creep. Curing modes had different levels of impact on the mechanical properties and monomer conversion of dual-cured resin cements with different components.
引文
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[2]Bueno AL,Arrais CA,Jorge AC,et al.Light-activation through indirect ceramic restorations:does the overexposure compensate for the attenuation in light intensity during resin cement polymerization?[J].J Appl Oral Sci,2011,19(1):22-27.
[3]Moraes RR,Faria-e-Silva AL,Ogliari FA,et al.Impact of immediate and delayed light activation on self-polymerization of dual-cured dental resin luting agents[J].Acta Biomater,2009,5(6):2095-2100.
[4]Moosavi H,Hariri I,Sadr A,et al.Effects of curing mode and moisture on nanoindentation mechanical properties and bonding of a self-adhesive resin cement to pulp chamber floor[J].Dent Mater,2013,29(6):708-717.
[5]Dewaele M,Asmussen E,Peutzfeldt A,et al.Influence of curing protocol on selected properties of light-curing polymers:degree of conversion,volume contraction,elastic modulus,and glass transition temperature[J].Dent Mater,2009,25(12):1576-1584.
[6]Khoroushi M,Ghasemi M,Abedinzadeh R,et al.Comparison of immediate and delayed light-curing on nano-indentation creep and contraction stress of dual-cured resin cements[J].J Mech Behav Biomed Mater,2016(64):272-280.
[7]Oliver WC,Pharr GM.Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation:Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology[J].J Mater Res,2004,19(1):3-20.
[8]Lee JW,Cha HS,Lee JH.Curing efficiency of various resinbased materials polymerized through different ceramic thicknesses and curing time[J].J Adv Prosthodontics,2011,3(3):126-131.
[9]Faria-e-Silva A,Boaro L,Braga R,et al.Effect of immediate or delayed light activation on curing kinetics and shrinkage stress of dual-cure resin cements[J].Oper Dent,2011,36(2):196-204.
[10]Thind BS,Stirrups DR,Lloyd CH.A comparison of tungstenquartz-halogen,plasma arc and light-emitting diode light sources for the polymerization of an orthodontic adhesive[J].Eur J Orthod,2006,28(1):78-82.
[11]Altan H,Bilgic F,Arslanoglu Z,et al.Nanomechanical Properties of Different Dental Restorative Materials[J].Acta Physica Polonica,2016,130(1):394-396.
[12]Kuguimiya RN,Rode KM,Carneiro PM,et al.Influence of Curing Units and Indirect Restorative Materials on the Hardness of Two Dual-curing Resin Cements Evaluated by the Nanoindentation Test[J].J Adhes Dent,2015,17(3):243-248.
[13]El-Safty S,Silikas N,Akhtar R,et al.Nanoindentation creep versus bulk compressive creep of dental resin-composites[J].Dent Mater,2012,28(11):1171-1782.
[14]靳巧玲,李国禄,王海斗,等.纳米压痕技术在材料力学测试中的应用[J].表面技术,2015,44(12):127-136.
[15]Li J,Li H,Fok AS,et al.Multiple correlations of material parameters of light-cured dental composites[J].Dent Mater,2009,25(7):829-836.
[16]Vrochari AD,Eliades G,Hellwig E,et al.Curing efficiency of four self-etching,self-adhesive resin cements[J].Dent Mater,2009,25(9):1104-1108.
[17]Zhou J,Huang M,Sagnang F,et al.Interfacial failure of a dental cement composite bonded to glass substrates[J].Dent Mater,2006,6(22):585-591.
[18]Karakis D,Y?ld?r?m-Bicer AZ,Dogan A,et al.Effect of self and dual-curing on degree of conversion and crosslink density of dualcure core build-up materials[J].J Prosthodont Res,2016,61(2):210-216.