皮质醇分泌缓解负性情绪的证据及其机制
|
摘要
压力面前个体产生一定的生理心理反应。心理反应可通过主观情绪体验表达;生理反应则由交感神经(SNS轴)和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA轴)的变化来反映。皮质醇激素是人类HPA轴的终端产物,也是判别HPA轴功能的重要生物指标。研究发现,皮质醇分泌对个体的心理健康有着不可替代的积极作用。本文综述了皮质醇分泌缓解个体压力后所产生的负性情绪体验的证据。同时,文章从压力状态下的大脑皮层活动与皮质醇分泌的关系入手,探讨皮质醇分泌影响负性情绪的原因:机体面对压力时会产生相应的认知和情绪反应,也会不自觉使用情绪调节策略来缓解情绪,而这都伴随着大脑相关脑区的激活,特定区域的激活会刺激HPA轴的皮质醇分泌,进而降低因压力产生的负性情绪。
The individual will make the appropriate physiological and psychological reactions under the stress situation.Psychological response is the individual's subjective emotional reactivity; Physiological response mainly refers to the sympathetic nervous system(SNS axis) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA axis) changes, while cortisol is the end product of the human HPA axis. Cortisol secretion has an irreplaceable positive effect on the individual's mental health.This article reviews evidence that cortisol secretion relieves the negative emotional experience produced by individuals after stress. Meanwhile, we find the relationship between cerebral cortical activity and cortisol secretion under stress, and explore the reasons why cortisol secretion affects negative emotions: When the body faces stress, it will have corresponding cognitive and emotional reactions, and it will also consciously use emotional regulation strategies to ease the emotions,which accompanied by the activation of the relevant brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.Thus, Activation of these specific areas stimulates the secretion of cortisol in the HPA axis, which in turn reduces negative emotions due to stress.
The individual will make the appropriate physiological and psychological reactions under the stress situation.Psychological response is the individual's subjective emotional reactivity; Physiological response mainly refers to the sympathetic nervous system(SNS axis) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA axis) changes, while cortisol is the end product of the human HPA axis. Cortisol secretion has an irreplaceable positive effect on the individual's mental health.This article reviews evidence that cortisol secretion relieves the negative emotional experience produced by individuals after stress. Meanwhile, we find the relationship between cerebral cortical activity and cortisol secretion under stress, and explore the reasons why cortisol secretion affects negative emotions: When the body faces stress, it will have corresponding cognitive and emotional reactions, and it will also consciously use emotional regulation strategies to ease the emotions,which accompanied by the activation of the relevant brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.Thus, Activation of these specific areas stimulates the secretion of cortisol in the HPA axis, which in turn reduces negative emotions due to stress.
引文
1 Leblond JB,Lazarus V,Mouchrif S.Crack paths in threedimensional elastic solids.ii:three-term expansion of the stress intensity factors-applications and perspectives.International Journal of Solids&Structures,1999,36(1):105-142
2 Campbell J,Ehlert U.Acute psychosocial stress:Does the emotional stress response correspond with physiological responses?Psychoneuroendocrinology,2012,37(8):1111-1134
3 Folkman S.Stress:Appraisal and Coping.Springer New York,2013
4 Bohringer A,Schwabe L,Richter S,et al.Intranasal insulin attenuates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to psychosocial stress.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2008,33(10):1394-1400
5 Monteleone AM,Monteleone P,Di FC,et al.Investigation of the Endogenous Stress Response System in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia.Neuropsychobiology,2015,72(1):1
6 UlrichLai YM,Herman JP.Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2009,10(6):397-409
7范越阳,施建农.皮质醇测量在心理学研究中的应用.中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(11):1396-1400
8 Fond G,Hamdani N,Kapczinski F,et al.Effectiveness and tolerance of anti-inflammatory drugs’add-on therapy in major mental disorders:a systematic qualitative review.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,2014,129(3):163-179
9 Bicanic IA,Postma RM,Sinnema G,et al.Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in adolescent rape victims with post traumatic stress disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2013,38(3):408-415
10 Golier JA,Caramanica K,Makotkine I,et al.Cortisol response to cosyntropin administration in military veterans with or without posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2014,40(1):151-158
11 Keller J,Gomez R,Williams G,et al.HPA axis in major depression:cortisol,clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition.Molecular Psychiatry,2017,22(4):527-536
12 Oldehinkel AJ,Ormel J,Bosch NM,et al.Stressed out?Associations between perceived and physiological stress responses in adolescents:the TRAILS study.Psychophysiology,2011,48(4):441-452
13 Het S,Wolf O.Mood changes in response to psychosocial stress in healthy young women:Effects of pretreatment with cortisol.Behavioral Neuroscience,2007,121(1):11-20
14 Stawski RS,Cichy KE,Piazza JR,et al.Associations among daily stressors and salivary cortisol:findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2013,38(11):2654-2665
15 Mauss IB,Levenson RW,Mccarter L,et al.The tie that binds?Coherence among emotion experience,behavior,and physiology.Emotion,2005,5(2):175-90
16 Shiota MN,Neufeld SL,Yeung WH,et al.Feeling good:autonomic nervous system responding in five positive emotions.Emotion,2015,11(6):1368-78
17 Kahle S,Miller JG,Lopez M,et al.Sympathetic recovery from anger is associated with emotion regulation.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,2016,142:359-371
18 Sijtsema JJ,Van Roon AM,Groot PF,et al.Early life adversities and adolescent antisocial behavior:The role of cardiac autonomic nervous system reactivity in the TRAILS study.Biological Psychology,2015,110:24-33
19 Macatee RJ,Albanese BJ,Schmidt NB,et al.The moderating influence of heart rate variability on stressor-elicited change in pupillary and attentional indices of emotional processing:An eye-Tracking study.Biological Psychology,2016,123:83
20 Teixeira RR,Díaz MM,Santos TV,et al.Chronic Stress Induces a Hyporeactivity of the Autonomic Nervous System in Response to Acute Mental Stressor and Impairs Cognitive Performance in Business Executives.Plos One,2015,10(3):e0119025
21 Sapolsky RM,Romero LM,Munck AU.How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses?Integrating permissive,suppressive,stimulatory,and preparative actions.Endocrine Reviews,2000,21(1):55-89
22 Soravia LM,Heinrichs M,Aerni A,et al.Glucocortocoids reduce phobic fears in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2006,103:5585-5590
23 Ostrowski SA,Delahanty DL.Prospects for the Pharmacological Prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress in Vulnerable Individuals.Cns Drugs,2014,28(3):195-203
24 Carpenter LL,Carvalho JP,Tyrka AR,et al.Decreased ACTH and Cortisol Responses to Stress in Healthy Adults Reporting Significant Childhood Maltreatment.Biol Psychiatry,2016,62(10):1080-1087.
25 Het S,Schoofs D,Rohleder N,et al.Stress-Induced Cortisol Level Elevations Are Associated With Reduced Negative Affect After Stress:Indications for a Mood-Buffering Cortisol Effect.Psychosomatic Medicine,2012,74:23-32
26 Monteleone P,Scognamiglio P,Canestrelli B,et al.Asymmetry of salivary cortisol andα-amylase responses to psychosocial stress in anorexia nervosa but not in bulimia nervosa.Psychological Medicine,2011,41(9):1963-1969
27 Herbert J.Cortisol and depression:three questions for psychiatry.Psychological Medicine,2013,43(3):449-469
28 Erickson K,Drevets W,Schulkin J.Glucocorticoid regulation of diverse cognitive functions in normal and pathological emotional states.Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Review,2004,27(3):233-246
29 Figueiredo HF,Bruestle AB,Dolgas CM,et al.The medial prefrontal cortex differentially regulates stress-induced cfos expression in the forebrain depending on type of stressor.European Journal of Neuroscience,2015,18(8):2357-2364
30 Ronzoni G,Antón M,Mora F,et al.Infralimbic cortex controls the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the formation of aversive memory:Effects of environmental enrichment.Behavioural Brain Research,2016,297:338-344
31 Herman JP,Ostrander MM,Mueller NK,et al.Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation:hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenocortical axis.Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology&Biological Psychiatry,2005,29(8):1201-1213
32 Jo?ls,Marian,Karst,et al.The coming out of the brain mineralocorticoid receptor.Trends in Neurosciences,2008,31(1):1-7
33 Raio CM,Orederu TA,Palazzolo L,et al.Cognitive emotion regulation fails the stress test.PNAS,2013,110(37):15139-15144
34 Poon JA,Turpyn CC,Hansen A,et al.Adolescent Substance Use&Psychopathology:Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation.Cognitive Therapy&Research,2016,40(3):368
35 Richardson CM,Rice KG,Devine DP.Perfectionism,emotion regulation,and the cortisol stress response.Journal of Counseling Psychology,2014,61(1):110
36 Lam S,Dickerson SS,Zoccola PM,et al.Emotion regulation and cortisol reactivity to a social-evaluative speech task.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2009,34(9):1355-1362
37 Tang YY,Tang R,Posner MI.Mindfulness meditation improves emotion regulation and reduces drug abuse.Drug&Alcohol Dependence,2016,163 Suppl 1:S13
38 Crum AJ,Akinola M,Martin A,et al.The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive,emotional,and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress.Anxiety Stress&Coping,2017,30(4):1
39 Shonkoff JP,Garner AS,Siegel BS,et al.The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress.Pediatric Dentistry,2014,36(2):102-108
40 Elzinga BM,Roelofs K,Tollenaar MS,et al.Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events a study among healthy young subjects.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2008,33(2):227-237
41 Culpin I,Stapinski L,Miles?B,et al.Exposure to socioeconomic adversity in early life and risk of depression at 18years:The mediating role of locus of control.Journal of Affective Disorders,2015,183:269
42 Banks SJ,Eddy KT,Angstadt M,et al.Amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotion regulation.Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci,2007,2(4):303-312
43 Shapero BG,Abramson LY,Alloy LB.Emotional Reactivity and Internalizing Symptoms:Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation.Cognitive Therapy&Research,2016,40(30):32844 Denson TF,Creswell JD,Terides MD,et al.Cognitive reappraisal increases neuroendocrine reactivity to acute social stress and physical pain.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2014,49(1):69-78
2 Campbell J,Ehlert U.Acute psychosocial stress:Does the emotional stress response correspond with physiological responses?Psychoneuroendocrinology,2012,37(8):1111-1134
3 Folkman S.Stress:Appraisal and Coping.Springer New York,2013
4 Bohringer A,Schwabe L,Richter S,et al.Intranasal insulin attenuates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to psychosocial stress.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2008,33(10):1394-1400
5 Monteleone AM,Monteleone P,Di FC,et al.Investigation of the Endogenous Stress Response System in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia.Neuropsychobiology,2015,72(1):1
6 UlrichLai YM,Herman JP.Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2009,10(6):397-409
7范越阳,施建农.皮质醇测量在心理学研究中的应用.中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(11):1396-1400
8 Fond G,Hamdani N,Kapczinski F,et al.Effectiveness and tolerance of anti-inflammatory drugs’add-on therapy in major mental disorders:a systematic qualitative review.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,2014,129(3):163-179
9 Bicanic IA,Postma RM,Sinnema G,et al.Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in adolescent rape victims with post traumatic stress disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2013,38(3):408-415
10 Golier JA,Caramanica K,Makotkine I,et al.Cortisol response to cosyntropin administration in military veterans with or without posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2014,40(1):151-158
11 Keller J,Gomez R,Williams G,et al.HPA axis in major depression:cortisol,clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition.Molecular Psychiatry,2017,22(4):527-536
12 Oldehinkel AJ,Ormel J,Bosch NM,et al.Stressed out?Associations between perceived and physiological stress responses in adolescents:the TRAILS study.Psychophysiology,2011,48(4):441-452
13 Het S,Wolf O.Mood changes in response to psychosocial stress in healthy young women:Effects of pretreatment with cortisol.Behavioral Neuroscience,2007,121(1):11-20
14 Stawski RS,Cichy KE,Piazza JR,et al.Associations among daily stressors and salivary cortisol:findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2013,38(11):2654-2665
15 Mauss IB,Levenson RW,Mccarter L,et al.The tie that binds?Coherence among emotion experience,behavior,and physiology.Emotion,2005,5(2):175-90
16 Shiota MN,Neufeld SL,Yeung WH,et al.Feeling good:autonomic nervous system responding in five positive emotions.Emotion,2015,11(6):1368-78
17 Kahle S,Miller JG,Lopez M,et al.Sympathetic recovery from anger is associated with emotion regulation.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,2016,142:359-371
18 Sijtsema JJ,Van Roon AM,Groot PF,et al.Early life adversities and adolescent antisocial behavior:The role of cardiac autonomic nervous system reactivity in the TRAILS study.Biological Psychology,2015,110:24-33
19 Macatee RJ,Albanese BJ,Schmidt NB,et al.The moderating influence of heart rate variability on stressor-elicited change in pupillary and attentional indices of emotional processing:An eye-Tracking study.Biological Psychology,2016,123:83
20 Teixeira RR,Díaz MM,Santos TV,et al.Chronic Stress Induces a Hyporeactivity of the Autonomic Nervous System in Response to Acute Mental Stressor and Impairs Cognitive Performance in Business Executives.Plos One,2015,10(3):e0119025
21 Sapolsky RM,Romero LM,Munck AU.How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses?Integrating permissive,suppressive,stimulatory,and preparative actions.Endocrine Reviews,2000,21(1):55-89
22 Soravia LM,Heinrichs M,Aerni A,et al.Glucocortocoids reduce phobic fears in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2006,103:5585-5590
23 Ostrowski SA,Delahanty DL.Prospects for the Pharmacological Prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress in Vulnerable Individuals.Cns Drugs,2014,28(3):195-203
24 Carpenter LL,Carvalho JP,Tyrka AR,et al.Decreased ACTH and Cortisol Responses to Stress in Healthy Adults Reporting Significant Childhood Maltreatment.Biol Psychiatry,2016,62(10):1080-1087.
25 Het S,Schoofs D,Rohleder N,et al.Stress-Induced Cortisol Level Elevations Are Associated With Reduced Negative Affect After Stress:Indications for a Mood-Buffering Cortisol Effect.Psychosomatic Medicine,2012,74:23-32
26 Monteleone P,Scognamiglio P,Canestrelli B,et al.Asymmetry of salivary cortisol andα-amylase responses to psychosocial stress in anorexia nervosa but not in bulimia nervosa.Psychological Medicine,2011,41(9):1963-1969
27 Herbert J.Cortisol and depression:three questions for psychiatry.Psychological Medicine,2013,43(3):449-469
28 Erickson K,Drevets W,Schulkin J.Glucocorticoid regulation of diverse cognitive functions in normal and pathological emotional states.Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Review,2004,27(3):233-246
29 Figueiredo HF,Bruestle AB,Dolgas CM,et al.The medial prefrontal cortex differentially regulates stress-induced cfos expression in the forebrain depending on type of stressor.European Journal of Neuroscience,2015,18(8):2357-2364
30 Ronzoni G,Antón M,Mora F,et al.Infralimbic cortex controls the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the formation of aversive memory:Effects of environmental enrichment.Behavioural Brain Research,2016,297:338-344
31 Herman JP,Ostrander MM,Mueller NK,et al.Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation:hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenocortical axis.Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology&Biological Psychiatry,2005,29(8):1201-1213
32 Jo?ls,Marian,Karst,et al.The coming out of the brain mineralocorticoid receptor.Trends in Neurosciences,2008,31(1):1-7
33 Raio CM,Orederu TA,Palazzolo L,et al.Cognitive emotion regulation fails the stress test.PNAS,2013,110(37):15139-15144
34 Poon JA,Turpyn CC,Hansen A,et al.Adolescent Substance Use&Psychopathology:Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation.Cognitive Therapy&Research,2016,40(3):368
35 Richardson CM,Rice KG,Devine DP.Perfectionism,emotion regulation,and the cortisol stress response.Journal of Counseling Psychology,2014,61(1):110
36 Lam S,Dickerson SS,Zoccola PM,et al.Emotion regulation and cortisol reactivity to a social-evaluative speech task.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2009,34(9):1355-1362
37 Tang YY,Tang R,Posner MI.Mindfulness meditation improves emotion regulation and reduces drug abuse.Drug&Alcohol Dependence,2016,163 Suppl 1:S13
38 Crum AJ,Akinola M,Martin A,et al.The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive,emotional,and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress.Anxiety Stress&Coping,2017,30(4):1
39 Shonkoff JP,Garner AS,Siegel BS,et al.The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress.Pediatric Dentistry,2014,36(2):102-108
40 Elzinga BM,Roelofs K,Tollenaar MS,et al.Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events a study among healthy young subjects.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2008,33(2):227-237
41 Culpin I,Stapinski L,Miles?B,et al.Exposure to socioeconomic adversity in early life and risk of depression at 18years:The mediating role of locus of control.Journal of Affective Disorders,2015,183:269
42 Banks SJ,Eddy KT,Angstadt M,et al.Amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotion regulation.Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci,2007,2(4):303-312
43 Shapero BG,Abramson LY,Alloy LB.Emotional Reactivity and Internalizing Symptoms:Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation.Cognitive Therapy&Research,2016,40(30):32844 Denson TF,Creswell JD,Terides MD,et al.Cognitive reappraisal increases neuroendocrine reactivity to acute social stress and physical pain.Psychoneuroendocrinology,2014,49(1):69-78