火山碎屑岩成岩作用及对储层储集性能的影响——以准噶尔盆地车排子地区石炭系为例
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摘要
以准噶尔盆地车排子地区石炭系火山碎屑岩储层为研究对象,利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射和物性测试等多种分析测试手段,研究了火山碎屑岩储层特征,成岩作用阶段及成岩作用对储层储集性能的影响,提出了火山碎屑岩储层物性主要受控于岩性和成岩作用,其中成岩作用对储集性能的控制具有改善和破坏双重作用,并在此基础上指明火山碎屑岩储层下一步的勘探方向.研究结果表明:研究区火山碎屑岩主要包括熔结凝灰岩、玻屑晶屑凝灰岩、晶屑凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩和凝灰质泥岩,储层物性具有中孔特低渗的特点,发育有原生孔隙、次生孔隙和次生裂缝3类储集空间,原生裂缝不发育;正常火山碎屑岩和凝灰质砂岩储层物性较好,控制火山碎屑岩储层发育的主要成岩作用有压实作用、胶结作用、脱玻化作用、溶蚀溶解作用和交代作用,脱玻化作用、溶蚀-溶解作用对改善储层物性有建设性作用,压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用则会堵塞前期残留下的孔隙,对储层物性起破坏作用.距离石炭系顶面350m以内、胶结和交代作用不强烈且埋藏深度小于2 500m的普通火山碎屑岩和埋藏深度小于1 500m的凝灰质砂岩是研究区有利的勘探目标.
Focusing on Carboniferous volcaniclastic rocks in Chepaizi area of Junggar basin,the reservoir characteristics,diagenetic stage and the effect of diageneses on the reservoir performance of volcaniclastic rocks were studied by using core observation,thin section,SEM,X-ray diffraction and physical property analysis.It is found that lithology and diagenesis are the main controlling factors affecting reservoir physical properties,and the diagenesis has played dual functions of improving and destroying the reservoir performance.On this basis,the future exploration targets of volcaniclastic rock reservoirs were discussed.The results show that volcaniclastic rocks in Chepaizi area are mainly composed of flood tuff,vitreous-crystal tuff,crystal tuff,tuffite and tuff sandstone-mudstone.The volcaniclastic rocks are characterized by middle porosity and extra low permeability,and the reservoir spaces can be divided into three types:primary pores,secondary pores and cracks.Primary fractures are not developed.The ordinary volcaniclastic rocks and tuffaceous sandstone have good physical properties.The major diagenesis controlling the development of volcaniclastic rock reservoirs include compaction,cementation,devitrification,dissolution and replacement.Devitrification and dissolution play a constructive role in improving reservoir physical properties,while compaction,cementation and replacement can block the residual pores in the early stage and destroy the reservoir physical properties.The common volcaniclastic rocks with burial depth less than 2 500 mand the tuffaceous sandstone with burial depth less than 1 500 m,within 350 mof the Carboniferous top surface with weak cementation and replacement are favorable exploration targets.
Focusing on Carboniferous volcaniclastic rocks in Chepaizi area of Junggar basin,the reservoir characteristics,diagenetic stage and the effect of diageneses on the reservoir performance of volcaniclastic rocks were studied by using core observation,thin section,SEM,X-ray diffraction and physical property analysis.It is found that lithology and diagenesis are the main controlling factors affecting reservoir physical properties,and the diagenesis has played dual functions of improving and destroying the reservoir performance.On this basis,the future exploration targets of volcaniclastic rock reservoirs were discussed.The results show that volcaniclastic rocks in Chepaizi area are mainly composed of flood tuff,vitreous-crystal tuff,crystal tuff,tuffite and tuff sandstone-mudstone.The volcaniclastic rocks are characterized by middle porosity and extra low permeability,and the reservoir spaces can be divided into three types:primary pores,secondary pores and cracks.Primary fractures are not developed.The ordinary volcaniclastic rocks and tuffaceous sandstone have good physical properties.The major diagenesis controlling the development of volcaniclastic rock reservoirs include compaction,cementation,devitrification,dissolution and replacement.Devitrification and dissolution play a constructive role in improving reservoir physical properties,while compaction,cementation and replacement can block the residual pores in the early stage and destroy the reservoir physical properties.The common volcaniclastic rocks with burial depth less than 2 500 mand the tuffaceous sandstone with burial depth less than 1 500 m,within 350 mof the Carboniferous top surface with weak cementation and replacement are favorable exploration targets.
引文
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