扁鹊及其学派传承考
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摘要
郑医秦越人为扁鹊,其大致生活年代为公元前695年—公元前655年,活动地带以郑国为中心的附近六国为主,所诊虢国太子为南虢国太子。扁鹊的医学传承不是由齐国至中原,再到巴蜀之地的传承,而是在中原地带继承长桑君及周朝正统官方医学,随着文化中心东移向齐国传播,最终通过仓公的授徒实现广泛地传播。扁鹊弟子淳于意授徒后,根据所授内容的不同,使经脉医学与脏腑医学渐渐分流,张仲景之《伤寒论》应该是对阴阳、经脉医学的继承与发展,而华佗之《中藏经》应该是对五行、脏腑医学的继承与发展。仲景与华佗之前的《黄帝内经》应该是对扁鹊医学历来发展的总结之作,是对扁鹊医学的继承,而不是与扁鹊医学并驾齐驱的医学流派。
Bian Que,a doctor of Qinyue of Zheng State,lived from 695 B. C. to 655 B. C.,and mainly lived in six neighboring states with Zheng State as the center. The prince he once treated came from Southern State of Guo. Bian Que's medical inheritance was not from the Qi State to the Central Plains,and then to the Bashu area,but a process of being from the Central Plains where he inherited Master Chang Sang and the orthodox official medicine of Zhou Dynasty,and with the emergence of the Qi State Jixia Academic Palace,leading to the eastward movement of cultural center,to the Qi State,which ultimately achieved widespread dissemination through Canggong's apprenticeship. After Chun Yu-yi,a disciple of Bian Que,received his own students,he made meridian medicine and visceral medicine gradually diverted according to different contents. Zhang Zhong-jing' s Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases should be the inheritance and development of yin-yang and meridian medicine,while Huatuo's Zhongzang Treatise should be the inheritance and development of five elements and visceral medicine. Before these two works,Huangdi' s Internal Classic should be the summary,inheritance and development of Bian Que' s medicine,rather than the medical school that went hand in hand with Bian Que's medicine.
Bian Que,a doctor of Qinyue of Zheng State,lived from 695 B. C. to 655 B. C.,and mainly lived in six neighboring states with Zheng State as the center. The prince he once treated came from Southern State of Guo. Bian Que's medical inheritance was not from the Qi State to the Central Plains,and then to the Bashu area,but a process of being from the Central Plains where he inherited Master Chang Sang and the orthodox official medicine of Zhou Dynasty,and with the emergence of the Qi State Jixia Academic Palace,leading to the eastward movement of cultural center,to the Qi State,which ultimately achieved widespread dissemination through Canggong's apprenticeship. After Chun Yu-yi,a disciple of Bian Que,received his own students,he made meridian medicine and visceral medicine gradually diverted according to different contents. Zhang Zhong-jing' s Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases should be the inheritance and development of yin-yang and meridian medicine,while Huatuo's Zhongzang Treatise should be the inheritance and development of five elements and visceral medicine. Before these two works,Huangdi' s Internal Classic should be the summary,inheritance and development of Bian Que' s medicine,rather than the medical school that went hand in hand with Bian Que's medicine.
引文
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[2]苏礼.秦越人扁鹊是战国时期人[J].中医文献杂志,2010,18(3):23-24.
[3]曹东义,郭双庚,王振瑞,等.扁鹊生活年代考[J].天津中医药大学学报,1995,14(1):28-32.
[4]熊栋梁.郑国东迁历史地理研究[D].武汉:湖北省社会科学院,2016.
[5]张胜忠.扁鹊的图腾形象[J].河南中医,1997,17(4):201-202.
[6]张效霞.扁鹊与秦越人并非同一人[N].中国中医药报,2014-03-04(003).