废旧晶体硅光伏组件的回收利用
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摘要
为应对光伏产业的快速发展而产生的废旧光伏组件高效低污染回收利用的问题,对不同气氛下光伏封装材料及背板材料的热失重行为及其产物进行了实验分析;并利用高温箱式炉对晶体硅组件进行热处理回收研究。考察了热处理温度、升温速率以及有无背板对硅晶片回收的影响。结果表明,封装材料和背板材料在空气气氛下均存在2个失重阶段,且最终失重温度为500℃左右。通过高温热处理,能够完全去除背板和封装材料,且能回收完整的表面玻璃。预先去除背板的光伏电池在热处理后的硅晶片完整性明显比未去除背板的光伏组件好。以20℃·min~(-1)的升温速率加热至480℃,得到了高完整性的回收硅晶片。
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the production and installation of global PV modules have risen sharply. In order to cope with the recycling of waste PV module with high efficiency and low pollution, the thermogravimetry analysis under different atmospheres was used to analyze the weight loss behaviors and products of the encapsulating and backing plate materials. At the same time, the silicon PV modules were recycled by heat treatment using a box furnace. The effects of heating temperature, heating rate,and the backing plate removal or not on the silicon wafer were discussed. The results show that both the package and the backing plate material had two weight loss stages under air atmosphere, and the final weight loss temperature was about 500℃.Through the high temperature thermal treatment,the backing plate and encapsulating material could be completely removed, and the complete surface glass could be recovered. The silicon wafer from the thermal treated photovoltaic cells without backing plate generally presented a better integrity than ordinary photovoltaic modules with backing plate. A high integrity silicon wafer could be produced when heating to 480 ℃ with a rising rate of 20 ℃·min~(-1).
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the production and installation of global PV modules have risen sharply. In order to cope with the recycling of waste PV module with high efficiency and low pollution, the thermogravimetry analysis under different atmospheres was used to analyze the weight loss behaviors and products of the encapsulating and backing plate materials. At the same time, the silicon PV modules were recycled by heat treatment using a box furnace. The effects of heating temperature, heating rate,and the backing plate removal or not on the silicon wafer were discussed. The results show that both the package and the backing plate material had two weight loss stages under air atmosphere, and the final weight loss temperature was about 500℃.Through the high temperature thermal treatment,the backing plate and encapsulating material could be completely removed, and the complete surface glass could be recovered. The silicon wafer from the thermal treated photovoltaic cells without backing plate generally presented a better integrity than ordinary photovoltaic modules with backing plate. A high integrity silicon wafer could be produced when heating to 480 ℃ with a rising rate of 20 ℃·min~(-1).
引文
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[13]陈玉君,侯巩.聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的热降解性能研究[J].聚酯工业, 2005, 18(2):27-30.
[14]董莉,刘景洋,张建强,等.废晶体硅光伏组件资源化处理技术研究现状[J].现代化工, 2014, 34(2):20-23.
[15] TAMMARO M, RIMAYRO J, FIANDRA V, et al. Thermal treatment of waste photovoltaic module for recovery and recycling:Experimental assessment of the presence of metals in the gas emissions and in the ashes[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 81:103-112.
[16] PARK J, PARK N. Wet etching processes for recycling crystalline silicon solar cells from end-of-life photovoltaic modules[J].RSC Advances, 2014, 4(66):34823-34829.
[2] SHIN J, PARK J, PARK N. A method to recycle silicon wafer from end-of-life photovoltaic module and solar panels by using recycled silicon wafers[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017, 162:1-6.
[3] DIAS P, SCHMIDT L, GOMES L B, et al. Recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules by electrostatic separation[J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2018, 4(2):176-186.
[4] TAO J, YU S. Review on feasible recycling pathways and technologies of solar photovoltaic modules[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2015,141:108-124.
[5]罗付香,彭晓春,吴彦瑜,等.废旧晶硅太阳能电池的回收拆解及进展研究[J].环境科学与管理, 2014, 39(12):160-163.
[6] HUANG W H, SHIN W J, WANG L, et al. Strategy and technology to recycle wafer-silicon solar modules[J]. Solar Energy,2017, 144:22-31.
[7] ILIAS A V, MELETIOS R G, YIANNIS K A, et al. Integration&assessment of recycling into c-Si photovoltaic module’s life cycle[J]. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2018, 3:1-10.
[8] KIM Y, LEE J. Dissolution of ethylene vinyl acetate in crystalline silicon PV modules using ultrasonic irradiation and organic solvent[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2012, 98:317-322.
[9] DIAS P, JAVIMCZIK S, BENEVIT M, et al. Recycling WEEE:Polymer characterization and pyrolysis study for waste of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules[J]. Waste Management, 2017, 60:716-722.
[10] PARK J, KIM W, CHO N, et al. An eco-friendly method for reclaimed silicon wafers from a photovoltaic module:From separation to cell fabrication[J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(6):1706-1714.
[11]田建军,姜恒,苏婷婷,等.基于TGA-FTIR联用技术的EVA热解研究[J].分析测试学报, 2003, 22(5):100-102.
[12] MARCILLA A, GOMEZ A, MENARGUES S. TG/FTIR study of the thermal pyrolysis of EVA copolymers[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2005, 74(1/2):224-230.
[13]陈玉君,侯巩.聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯的热降解性能研究[J].聚酯工业, 2005, 18(2):27-30.
[14]董莉,刘景洋,张建强,等.废晶体硅光伏组件资源化处理技术研究现状[J].现代化工, 2014, 34(2):20-23.
[15] TAMMARO M, RIMAYRO J, FIANDRA V, et al. Thermal treatment of waste photovoltaic module for recovery and recycling:Experimental assessment of the presence of metals in the gas emissions and in the ashes[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 81:103-112.
[16] PARK J, PARK N. Wet etching processes for recycling crystalline silicon solar cells from end-of-life photovoltaic modules[J].RSC Advances, 2014, 4(66):34823-34829.