珠江河口澳门机场周边水域洪枯季潮流动力环境分析
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摘要
基于对澳门机场周边水域往年同步实测水文资料的分析,对该水域涨落潮流速流态、余流和涨落潮历时等因子的变化规律进行了探讨。研究显示,该水域洪季涨潮流向以N～NNE向为主,枯季则呈现整体向西偏转,以NNW～WNW向为主;落潮流则以S～SW向为主,洪枯季和表底层变化不大;从余流分布来看,余流流向与落潮主流向基本一致,机场南侧水域余流大于北侧,洪枯季表层余流相差不大,但洪季底层余流显著大于枯季;从涨落潮历时之比来看,该水域整体涨落潮历时之比小于1、表层涨落潮历时之比小于底层以及机场南侧水域涨落潮历时之比小于北侧,显示水域整体涨潮历时小于落潮历时、北侧水域涨潮历时大于南侧水域以及表层涨潮历时小于底层的规律,该规律结合澳门机场周边水域平均落潮流速大于涨潮流速的实际情况形成了水沙向口门外的净输运,与该水域余流的分布形态和流向一致。
Based on an analysis of the field hydrologic data measured synchronously in the waters surrounding Macau Airport in the past years, discussions on tidal current vectors, residuals and durations of ebb and flood have been made. It shows that the rising current in the sea area during the flood reason would move forward mainly in the direction of N-NNE, while it would turned a little westward in the direction of NNW～WNW direction during the dry season. Tidal current would ebb mainly in the direction of S～SW and vary little between surface and bottom during flood and dry season. The direction difference of rising current respectively during flood and dry season is closely related to the resistance of the islands located southeast at the Pearl River estuary to the surface fresh water and the movement of the high salinity water bodies. The flowing direction of the residual current is basically consistent with the main trend of the ebb tide, while the residual current in the south side of the airport is greater than the north side. There is little difference of residual current at surface during the flood and dry seasons, but those at the bottom during the flood season is significantly larger than that in the dry season. The ratio of flood and ebb durations in the sea area is less than 1.0, which at the water surface is less than that at the bottom and at the south side of the airport less than at the north. It shows that the flood duration in the sea is less than the ebb totally with longer flood duration in the north side of the airport than in the south and the bottom than the surface. This law is consistent with the net transport of water and sediment outside the estuary mouth formed by the average ebb velocities in the water area surrounding the Macau Airport larger than average rising ones, which is also consistent with the distribution pattern and variation characteristics of the residual current.
Based on an analysis of the field hydrologic data measured synchronously in the waters surrounding Macau Airport in the past years, discussions on tidal current vectors, residuals and durations of ebb and flood have been made. It shows that the rising current in the sea area during the flood reason would move forward mainly in the direction of N-NNE, while it would turned a little westward in the direction of NNW～WNW direction during the dry season. Tidal current would ebb mainly in the direction of S～SW and vary little between surface and bottom during flood and dry season. The direction difference of rising current respectively during flood and dry season is closely related to the resistance of the islands located southeast at the Pearl River estuary to the surface fresh water and the movement of the high salinity water bodies. The flowing direction of the residual current is basically consistent with the main trend of the ebb tide, while the residual current in the south side of the airport is greater than the north side. There is little difference of residual current at surface during the flood and dry seasons, but those at the bottom during the flood season is significantly larger than that in the dry season. The ratio of flood and ebb durations in the sea area is less than 1.0, which at the water surface is less than that at the bottom and at the south side of the airport less than at the north. It shows that the flood duration in the sea is less than the ebb totally with longer flood duration in the north side of the airport than in the south and the bottom than the surface. This law is consistent with the net transport of water and sediment outside the estuary mouth formed by the average ebb velocities in the water area surrounding the Macau Airport larger than average rising ones, which is also consistent with the distribution pattern and variation characteristics of the residual current.
引文
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[2] 李团结.伶仃洋地形地貌阶段性演变过程及趋势分析[D].北京:中国地质大学,2017.
[3] 高时友,何用,卢成,等.磨刀门口夏冬季沿岸流特征及成因分析[J].海洋学报,2017,39(5):1-9.
[4] 方神光,陈文龙,崔丽琴.伶仃洋河口水域纳潮特性分析[J].海洋科学,2012,36(6):105-112.
[5] 方神光,陈文龙,崔丽琴.伶仃洋水域纳潮量计算及演变分析[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(1):76-78.
[6] 何用,卢陈,杨留柱,等.珠江河口口门区滩槽演变及对泄洪的影响研究[J].水利学报,2017,49(1):72-80.
[7] 徐林春.人类活动影响下的珠江三角洲水安全研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.
[8] 胡德礼,杨清书,吴超羽,等.珠江网河水沙分配变化及其对伶仃洋水沙场的影响[J].水科学进展,2010,21(1):69-76.
[9] 韩保新.澳门水域水动力条件及水污染状况初探[J].海洋环境科学,1990,9(2):25-31.
[10] 唐中实,程声通,况昶.3S技术在澳门临近水域悬沙信息定量定位研究中的应用[J].环境科学,1998,19(6):73-78.
[11] 张广燕.澳门附近水域汇流区冲淤演变分析[J].人民珠江,2006(3):19-21.
[12] 黄希敏,沈汉坤.珠海一澳门附近水域十字门水道北口治导线平面布置的确定[J].水利规划,1997,(1):53-56.
[13] 许祥向,余顺超,杨健新,等.珠江河口澳门水域遥感监测分析[J].人民珠江,1999(5):24-27.
[14] 张炯,庄佳.磨刀门水道与洪湾水道分流段近期河道演变分析[J].中国水运,2014,14(10):263-266.
[15] 武亚菊,张心凤,卢素兰,等.洪湾水道近30年河床演变特征分析[J].人民珠江,2014(2):24-27.