干旱和复水对不同耐旱型谷子品种苗期生理指标的影响
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摘要
为了探讨不同基因型谷子品种耐旱性差异的生理基础,以耐旱谷子品种济谷16和旱敏感谷子品种鲁谷1号为材料,采用旱棚盆栽试验,研究了干旱胁迫和复水对谷子形态性状、叶片含水量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的影响。结果表明:随着土壤含水量的下降,鲁谷1号叶片首先出现黄色斑点并开始萎蔫。干旱胁迫导致2种谷子的叶片含水量下降,复水后济谷16较快地恢复到对照水平;二者的MDA含量在干旱胁迫后显著增加,鲁谷1号的MDA含量在整个胁迫过程中都高于济谷16。2种谷子的抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均随着干旱胁迫程度的加重而增加。济谷16SOD活性增加的幅度比旱敏感谷子品种鲁谷1号高,但差异并不显著;鲁谷1号POD活性在干旱胁迫的过程中先上升后下降; CAT活性在干旱胁迫过程中略有上升。不同耐旱性谷子品种的形态性状、生理指标存在差异,这些差异造成不同基因型品种的耐旱能力不同。
In order to investigate the physiological basis of variable drought tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet [Setaria italica( L.) Beauv],this paper took drought tolerant variety( Jigu 16) and drought sensitive variety( Lugu 1) as materials,and conducted pot-culture under rainproof shed experiment to study the effects of drought stress and rehydration on foxtail millet morphological characters,leaf water content,malondialdehyde( MDA)content,superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT). The results indicated that along with the decreasing of soil moisture content,leaf of Lugu 1 fristly showed yellow spots then began to wilt. Drought stress made the moisture contents in leaf of 2 varieties dropped down. After rehydration,Jigu 16 rapidly recovered to the initial level compared with Lugu 1. The MDA contents in both varieties showed a significant increase after exposed to drought stress. But Lugu 1 accumulated more MDA than Jigu 16 during the entire process. The enzymatic activities of SOD,POD and CAT in 2 varieties were elevated as the drought stress progressed. The increasing range of SOD activity in Jigu 16 was higher than that of Lugu 1,but there was no significant differences between them. The POD activity of Lugu 1 showed a tendency of first increase then decrease. The CAT activity slightly increased during the entire drought stress process. There were differences in morphological characters and physiological indexes of different drought tolerant varieties. It was these differences that brought about the different drought tolerance to foxtail millet varieties with different genotypes.
In order to investigate the physiological basis of variable drought tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet [Setaria italica( L.) Beauv],this paper took drought tolerant variety( Jigu 16) and drought sensitive variety( Lugu 1) as materials,and conducted pot-culture under rainproof shed experiment to study the effects of drought stress and rehydration on foxtail millet morphological characters,leaf water content,malondialdehyde( MDA)content,superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT). The results indicated that along with the decreasing of soil moisture content,leaf of Lugu 1 fristly showed yellow spots then began to wilt. Drought stress made the moisture contents in leaf of 2 varieties dropped down. After rehydration,Jigu 16 rapidly recovered to the initial level compared with Lugu 1. The MDA contents in both varieties showed a significant increase after exposed to drought stress. But Lugu 1 accumulated more MDA than Jigu 16 during the entire process. The enzymatic activities of SOD,POD and CAT in 2 varieties were elevated as the drought stress progressed. The increasing range of SOD activity in Jigu 16 was higher than that of Lugu 1,but there was no significant differences between them. The POD activity of Lugu 1 showed a tendency of first increase then decrease. The CAT activity slightly increased during the entire drought stress process. There were differences in morphological characters and physiological indexes of different drought tolerant varieties. It was these differences that brought about the different drought tolerance to foxtail millet varieties with different genotypes.
引文
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[2] Zlatev Z,Lidon F C. An overview on drought induced changesin plant growth,water relations and photosynthesis[J]. Emir.J. Food Agric.,2012,24(1):57-72.
[3] Vellosillo T, Vicente J, Kulasekaran S, et al.. Emergingcomplexity in reactive oxygen species production and signalingduring the response of plants to pathogens[J]. Plant Physiol.,2010,154(2):444-448.
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[6]秦岭,杨延兵,管延安,等.不同生态区主要育成谷子品种芽期耐旱性鉴定[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):146-151.Qin L,Yang Y B,Guan Y A,et al.. Identification of droughttolerance at germination period of foxtail millet cultivarsdeveloped from different ecological regions[J]. J. PlantGenetic Res.,2013,14(1):146-151.
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[8]代小冬,杨育峰,朱灿灿,等.谷子萌芽期对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):139-144.Dai X D,Yang Y F,Zhu C C,et al.. Seed germinationresponse to drought stress and drought resistance evaluation offoxtail millet[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sin.,2015,30(4):139-144.
[9]代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,等.谷子苗期对不同程度干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].作物杂志,2016,1:140-143.Dai X D,Xu X Z,Zhu C C,et al.. Seeding stage response todifferent water availability and drought resistance evaluation offoxtail millet[J]. Crops,2016,1:140-143.
[10]代小冬,朱灿灿,秦娜,等.不同基因型谷子品种(系)对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):15-19.Dai X D,Zhu C C,Qin N,et al.. Response of foxtail milletvarieties(lines)with different genotypes to drought stress anddrought resistance evaluation[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2017,33(34):15-19.
[11]张文英,智慧,柳斌辉,等.谷子孕穗期一些生理性状与品种抗旱性的关系[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):128-133.Zhang W Y,Zhi H,Liu B H,et al.. Relationship betweendrought tolerance ability and some physiological characteristicsof foxtail millet at booting stage[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sin.,2011,26(3):128-133.
[12]白玉.谷子萌发期和苗期抗旱性研究及抗旱鉴定指标的筛选[D].北京:首都师范大学,硕士学位论文,2009.Bai Y. Study on drought resistance and screening of droughtresistance indexes in foxtail millet at germination stage andseedling stage[D]. Beijing:Capital Normal University,Master Dissertation,2009.
[13]张锦鹏,王茅雁,白云凤,等.谷子品种抗旱性的苗期快速鉴定[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005(1):59-62.Zhang J P,Wang M Y,Bai Y F,et al.. Rapid evaluation ondrought tolerance of foxtail millet at seedling stage[J]. J. PlantGenetic Res.,2005(1):59-62.
[14]张文英.谷子种质资源抗旱性评价[D].北京:中国农业科学院,硕士学位论文,2014.Zhang W Y. Evaluation of the drought tolerance of germplasmresources in foxtail millet,Setaria italica L[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MasterDissertation,2014.
[15]张文英,智慧,柳斌辉,等.谷子孕穗期抗旱指标筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(5):765-772.Zhang W Y,Zhi H,Liu H B,et al.. Screening of indexes fordrought tolerance test at booting stage in foxtail millet[J]. J.Plant Genetic Res.,2012,13(5):765-772.
[16]朱学海.谷子耐旱资源筛选及其遗传多样性分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,硕士学位论文,2008.Zhu X H. Selecting of drought resistant resources and itsanalysis of genetic diversity in foxtail millet[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MasterDissertation,2008.
[17]李荫梅.谷子(粟)品种资源抗旱性鉴定研究[J].华北农学报,1991,6(3):20-25.Li Y M. A study on the identification of drought-resistance onmillet germplasm[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sin.,1991,6(3):20-25.
[18]王光玲.谷子品种抗旱性生态鉴定的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,1989(2):21-24.
[19]陈少裕.膜脂过氧化对植物细胞的伤害[J].植物生理学通讯,1991,27(2):84-90.
[20]武维华.植物生理学:第二版[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[21] Gong M,You X,Zhang Q. Effects of Glomus intraradices onthe growth and reactive oxygen metabolism of foxtail milletunder drought[J]. Ann. Microbiol.,2015,65(1):595-602.
[22] Dai H, Shan C, Wei A, et al.. Leaf senescence andphotosynthesis in foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L.)P. Beauv]varieties exposed to drought conditions[J]. Australian J. CropSci.,2012,6(2):232-237.
[23]朱学海,宋燕春,赵治海,等.用渗透剂胁迫鉴定谷子芽期耐旱性的方法研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(1):62-67.Zhu X H, Song Y C, Zhao Z H, et al.. Methods foridentification of drought tolerance at germination period offoxtail millet by osmotic stress[J]. J. Plant Genetic Res.,2008,9(1):62-67.
[2] Zlatev Z,Lidon F C. An overview on drought induced changesin plant growth,water relations and photosynthesis[J]. Emir.J. Food Agric.,2012,24(1):57-72.
[3] Vellosillo T, Vicente J, Kulasekaran S, et al.. Emergingcomplexity in reactive oxygen species production and signalingduring the response of plants to pathogens[J]. Plant Physiol.,2010,154(2):444-448.
[4] González E M,Aparicio-Tejo P M,Gordon A J,et al.. Water-deficit effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of pea nodules[J]. J. Exp. Bot.,1998,49(327):1705-1714.
[5]张文英,智慧,柳斌辉,等.谷子全生育期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(5):560-565.Zhang W Y,Zhi H,Liu B H,et al.. Indexed screening fordrought resistance test of foxtail millet[J]. J. Plant GeneticRes.,2010,11(5):560-565.
[6]秦岭,杨延兵,管延安,等.不同生态区主要育成谷子品种芽期耐旱性鉴定[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):146-151.Qin L,Yang Y B,Guan Y A,et al.. Identification of droughttolerance at germination period of foxtail millet cultivarsdeveloped from different ecological regions[J]. J. PlantGenetic Res.,2013,14(1):146-151.
[7]秦岭,杨延兵,陈二影,等.不同生态区主要育成谷子品种苗期抗旱性鉴定[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(6):28-31.Qin L,Yang Y B,Chen E Y,et al.. The evaluation fordrought tolerance of foxtail millet cultivars developed fromdifferent ecological region[J]. Shandong Agric. Sci.,2016,48(6):28-31.
[8]代小冬,杨育峰,朱灿灿,等.谷子萌芽期对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):139-144.Dai X D,Yang Y F,Zhu C C,et al.. Seed germinationresponse to drought stress and drought resistance evaluation offoxtail millet[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sin.,2015,30(4):139-144.
[9]代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,等.谷子苗期对不同程度干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].作物杂志,2016,1:140-143.Dai X D,Xu X Z,Zhu C C,et al.. Seeding stage response todifferent water availability and drought resistance evaluation offoxtail millet[J]. Crops,2016,1:140-143.
[10]代小冬,朱灿灿,秦娜,等.不同基因型谷子品种(系)对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):15-19.Dai X D,Zhu C C,Qin N,et al.. Response of foxtail milletvarieties(lines)with different genotypes to drought stress anddrought resistance evaluation[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2017,33(34):15-19.
[11]张文英,智慧,柳斌辉,等.谷子孕穗期一些生理性状与品种抗旱性的关系[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):128-133.Zhang W Y,Zhi H,Liu B H,et al.. Relationship betweendrought tolerance ability and some physiological characteristicsof foxtail millet at booting stage[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sin.,2011,26(3):128-133.
[12]白玉.谷子萌发期和苗期抗旱性研究及抗旱鉴定指标的筛选[D].北京:首都师范大学,硕士学位论文,2009.Bai Y. Study on drought resistance and screening of droughtresistance indexes in foxtail millet at germination stage andseedling stage[D]. Beijing:Capital Normal University,Master Dissertation,2009.
[13]张锦鹏,王茅雁,白云凤,等.谷子品种抗旱性的苗期快速鉴定[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005(1):59-62.Zhang J P,Wang M Y,Bai Y F,et al.. Rapid evaluation ondrought tolerance of foxtail millet at seedling stage[J]. J. PlantGenetic Res.,2005(1):59-62.
[14]张文英.谷子种质资源抗旱性评价[D].北京:中国农业科学院,硕士学位论文,2014.Zhang W Y. Evaluation of the drought tolerance of germplasmresources in foxtail millet,Setaria italica L[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MasterDissertation,2014.
[15]张文英,智慧,柳斌辉,等.谷子孕穗期抗旱指标筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(5):765-772.Zhang W Y,Zhi H,Liu H B,et al.. Screening of indexes fordrought tolerance test at booting stage in foxtail millet[J]. J.Plant Genetic Res.,2012,13(5):765-772.
[16]朱学海.谷子耐旱资源筛选及其遗传多样性分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,硕士学位论文,2008.Zhu X H. Selecting of drought resistant resources and itsanalysis of genetic diversity in foxtail millet[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MasterDissertation,2008.
[17]李荫梅.谷子(粟)品种资源抗旱性鉴定研究[J].华北农学报,1991,6(3):20-25.Li Y M. A study on the identification of drought-resistance onmillet germplasm[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sin.,1991,6(3):20-25.
[18]王光玲.谷子品种抗旱性生态鉴定的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,1989(2):21-24.
[19]陈少裕.膜脂过氧化对植物细胞的伤害[J].植物生理学通讯,1991,27(2):84-90.
[20]武维华.植物生理学:第二版[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[21] Gong M,You X,Zhang Q. Effects of Glomus intraradices onthe growth and reactive oxygen metabolism of foxtail milletunder drought[J]. Ann. Microbiol.,2015,65(1):595-602.
[22] Dai H, Shan C, Wei A, et al.. Leaf senescence andphotosynthesis in foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L.)P. Beauv]varieties exposed to drought conditions[J]. Australian J. CropSci.,2012,6(2):232-237.
[23]朱学海,宋燕春,赵治海,等.用渗透剂胁迫鉴定谷子芽期耐旱性的方法研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(1):62-67.Zhu X H, Song Y C, Zhao Z H, et al.. Methods foridentification of drought tolerance at germination period offoxtail millet by osmotic stress[J]. J. Plant Genetic Res.,2008,9(1):62-67.