基于植被生产力的西南地区生态系统脆弱性特征
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摘要
中国西南地区是全球生物多样性保护的重要地区之一.在全球气候变化背景下,该地区生态系统呈现出脆弱性增加的趋势.本研究基于生态系统总初级生产力(GPP),根据IPCC有关脆弱性的概念,计算西南地区生态系统的脆弱性,并分析了该区脆弱等级的空间分布格局,以及生态系统脆弱性与降水、温度、海拔、坡度和植被类型等因子间的相关性.结果表明:西南地区生态系统脆弱性呈现由东南向西北逐渐增强的趋势,区域内多数地区为轻度、中度脆弱区(二者共占69%).脆弱等级随着区域内年平均降水量、多年平均温度的增加而减少,随着区域内海拔、坡度的增加而增加.西南喀斯特山区和西北山地农牧交错区呈现较高的脆弱性,更容易受气候变化或其他外界扰动的影响.针叶林、灌丛和草地的脆弱性相对较高,未来可能更容易受到气候变化的影响.
Southwestern China is one of the most important areas for global biodiversity conservation. Under the background of global climate change,the vulnerability of this area has showed an increasing trend. According to the IPCC concept of vulnerability,we calculated the spatial distribution of ecosystem's vulnerability in southwestern China based on gross primary productivity( GPP)and then analyzed the spatial variation of different levels of vulnerability. Besides,we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and ecosystem vulnerability,including precipitation,temperature,altitude,slope and vegetation type. The results showed that ecosystem vulnerability in the southwestern China gradually increased from southeast to northwest,with most area within the region being slight and mild vulnerable area( together occupied 69% of the total). The vulnerability level decreased with the increasing of mean annual precipitation and temperature but increased with increasing elevation and slope. Karst area in southwest and borders between farming and ranging regions in northwest Mountain ecotone of the study area had higher vulnerability,being more easily affected by climate change or other disturbances. The vulnerabilities of needle-leaved forest,grassland,and shrubland were relatively higher than other vegetation types,with the potential to be more easily affected by climate change.
Southwestern China is one of the most important areas for global biodiversity conservation. Under the background of global climate change,the vulnerability of this area has showed an increasing trend. According to the IPCC concept of vulnerability,we calculated the spatial distribution of ecosystem's vulnerability in southwestern China based on gross primary productivity( GPP)and then analyzed the spatial variation of different levels of vulnerability. Besides,we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and ecosystem vulnerability,including precipitation,temperature,altitude,slope and vegetation type. The results showed that ecosystem vulnerability in the southwestern China gradually increased from southeast to northwest,with most area within the region being slight and mild vulnerable area( together occupied 69% of the total). The vulnerability level decreased with the increasing of mean annual precipitation and temperature but increased with increasing elevation and slope. Karst area in southwest and borders between farming and ranging regions in northwest Mountain ecotone of the study area had higher vulnerability,being more easily affected by climate change or other disturbances. The vulnerabilities of needle-leaved forest,grassland,and shrubland were relatively higher than other vegetation types,with the potential to be more easily affected by climate change.
引文
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[22] Yu L(於琍),Li K-R(李克让),Tao B(陶波).Assessment on ecosystem vulnerability to extreme precipitation in the upper and middle Yangtze valley. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2012,27(1):82-89(in Chinese)
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[28] Liu J-H(刘军会),Zou C-X(邹长新),Gao J-X(高吉喜). Location determination of ecologically vulnerable regions in China. Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2015,23(6):725-732(in Chinese)
[29] Zhang J-P(张建平). Management and sustainable development of eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi. Journal of Green Science and Technology(绿色科技),2017(5):97-98(in Chinese)
[30] Liu S(刘朔),Cai F-L(蔡凡隆),Yang J-Y(杨建勇),et al. Desertification control status and control division in Northwest Sichuan. Forest Inventory and Planning(林业调查规划),2011,36(3):122-126(in Chinese)
[31] Qiu C(邱成). Restoration and Reconstruction of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem in Northwest Sichuan. Master Thesis. Chengdu:Sichuan University,2006(in Chinese)
[2] IPCC. Climate Change 2014:Impacts,Adaptation,and Vulnerability. Part A:Global and Sectoral Aspects.Contribution of Working GroupⅡto the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2014
[3] Liu M(刘敏),Mao Z-J(毛子军),Li Y(厉悦),et al. Response of radial growth to climate change in Pinus koraiensis with different diameter classes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(11):3530-3540(in Chinese)
[4] Yu L(於琍). Assessment on ecosystem vulnerability to drought:The case study of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2014,23(7):1063-1070(in Chinese)
[5] Xiao T(肖桐),Wang J-B(王军邦),Chen Z-Q(陈卓奇). Vulnerability of grassland ecosystems in the Sanjiangyuan region based on NPP 2010. Resources Science(资源科学),2010,32(2):323-330(in Chinese)
[6] Yao X(姚雄),Yu K-Y(余坤勇),Liu J(刘健),et al. Spatial and temporal changes of the ecological vulnerability in a serious soil erosion area,South China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(3):735-745(in Chinese)
[7] Xu Y(徐燕),Sun X-Y(孙小银),Zhang D-Z(张大智),et al. Landscape pattern and its vulnerability in Nansihu Lake Basin during 1980-2015. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(2):635-642(in Chinese)
[8] Iglesias A, Rosenzweig C, Pereira D. Agricultural impacts of climate change in Spain:Developing tools for a spatial analysis. Global Environmental Change,2000,10:69-80
[9] Ciais P,Reichstein M,Viovy N,et al. Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature,2005,437:529-533
[10] Minnen JGV,Onigkeit J,Alcamo J. Critical climate change as an approach to assess climate change impacts in Europe:Development and application. Environmental Science&Policy,2002,5:335-347
[11] Wu S-H(吴绍洪),Yin Y-H(尹云鹤),Zhao H-X(赵慧霞),et al. Recognition of ecosystem response to climate change impact. Advances in Climate Change Research(气候变化研究进展),2005,1(3):115-118(in Chinese)
[12] Wang W(王维),Wang W-J(王文杰),Li J-S(李俊生),et al. Remote sensing analysis of influence of extreme drought meteorology on southwest China based on normalized difference vegetation index. Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2010,23(12):1447-1455(in Chinese)
[13] Guo B(郭兵),Jiang L(姜琳),Luo W(罗巍),et al. Study of an evaluation method of ecosystem vulnerability based on remote sensing in a southwestern karst mountain area under extreme climatic conditions.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2017,37(21):7219-7231(in Chinese)
[14] Qiao Q(乔青). Research on Landseape Pattem and Ecological Frangibility Assessment of Chuan-Dian Farming-pastoral Zone. PhD Thesis. Beijing Forestry University,2007(in Chinese)
[15] Li P-X(李平星),Fan J(樊杰). Regional ecological vulnerability assessment based on VSD model:A case study of Xijiang River economic belt in Guangxi.Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2014,29(5):779-788(in Chinese)
[16] Zhang J,Sun J,Ma B,et al. Assessing the ecological vulnerability of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.PLo S One,2017,12(7):e181825
[17] Zheng C-J(郑朝菊),Zeng Y(曾源),Zhao Y-J(赵玉金),et al. Monitoring and dynamic analysis of fractional vegetation cover in southwestern China over the past 15 years based on MODIS data. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources(国土资源遥感),2017,29(3):128-136(in Chinese)
[18] Han L-Y(韩兰英),Zhang Q(张强),Yao Y-B(姚玉璧),et al. Characteristics and origins of drought disasters in Southwest China in nearly 60 years. Acta Geographica Sinica(地理学报),2014,69(5):632-639(in Chinese)
[19] Yu L(於琍),Cao M-K(曹明奎),Tao B(陶波),et al. Quantitative assessment of the vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystems of china to climate change based on potential vegetation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2008,32(3):521-530(in Chinese)
[20] Duan S-Z(段士中). Climate Change Analysis of the Vulnerability of Natural Ecosystems in Sichuan Province. Master Thesis. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013(in Chinese)
[21] You N-S(尤南山),Meng J-J(蒙吉军). Ecological functions regionalization and ecosystem management based on the ecological sensitivity and ecosystem service in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. Journal of Desert Research(中国沙漠),2017,37(1):186-197(in Chinese)
[22] Yu L(於琍),Li K-R(李克让),Tao B(陶波).Assessment on ecosystem vulnerability to extreme precipitation in the upper and middle Yangtze valley. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2012,27(1):82-89(in Chinese)
[23] Xiao R-B(肖荣波),Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Wang X-K(王效科),et al. Assessment of rocky desertification sensitivity and its spatial analysis in southwest China. Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2005,24(5):551-554(in Chinese)
[24] The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国中央人民政府).Announcement on the Division of Key National Soil Erosion Control Areas[EB/OL].(2006-04-29)[2006-05-11]. http://www. gov. cn/zwgk/2006-05/11/content_277920.htm(in Chinese)
[25] The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国中央人民政府).Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing Plans for the Main Functional Areas of the Whole Country[EB/OL].(2011-06-08)[2018-03-11]. http://www. gov. cn/zhengce/content/2011-06/08/content_1441.htm(in Chinese)
[26] Environmental Protection Department of People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国环境保护部). The outline of the plan for the protection of national ecological fragile region. Forestry Work Reference(林业工作参考),2009(2):95-105(in Chinese)
[27] Zhao Y-L(赵跃龙),Liu Y-H(刘燕华). Classification of China’s fragile ecological environment and its scope determination. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research(云南地理环境研究),1994(2):34-44(in Chinese)
[28] Liu J-H(刘军会),Zou C-X(邹长新),Gao J-X(高吉喜). Location determination of ecologically vulnerable regions in China. Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2015,23(6):725-732(in Chinese)
[29] Zhang J-P(张建平). Management and sustainable development of eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi. Journal of Green Science and Technology(绿色科技),2017(5):97-98(in Chinese)
[30] Liu S(刘朔),Cai F-L(蔡凡隆),Yang J-Y(杨建勇),et al. Desertification control status and control division in Northwest Sichuan. Forest Inventory and Planning(林业调查规划),2011,36(3):122-126(in Chinese)
[31] Qiu C(邱成). Restoration and Reconstruction of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem in Northwest Sichuan. Master Thesis. Chengdu:Sichuan University,2006(in Chinese)