草木灰对烤烟根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性的影响
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摘要
施用草木灰旨在改善土壤微生物群落结构,减少由土壤自身衰退而引发的土传病害,更好的维持土壤生态系统的平衡。通过田间小区试验,采用平板培养法和BIOLOG技术研究施用草木灰对烤烟根际土壤微生物数量和功能多样性的影响。研究结果表明:施用草木灰显著增加了烤烟根际细菌、放线菌和微生物总量(P<0.05),真菌数量虽略有降低但差异并不明显;移栽后35、55、75天的3个时间段均有一致规律。同时,上述3个时间段烤烟根际微生物群落碳源利用率(AWCD)和对6类碳源的利用程度也以施用草木灰处理显著高于对照。施用草木灰后,烟株各时期根际土壤微生物群落Shannon指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)、均匀度指数(E)、丰富度指数(S)(P<0.05)均有所提高,其中移栽后35天时差异显著。根际微生物群落的PCA分析表明,增施草木灰处理和对照在主成分坐标体系中差异十分明显,草木灰处理集中在第1主成分正方向,而未施用的对照则集中在第1主成分负方向,表明土壤微生物功能多样性差异显著。上述说明增施草木灰在改善烟株根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性方面有明显效果。
The application of plant ash is aimed at improving the soil microbial community structure, reducing the soil-borne diseases caused by the degeneration of the soil itself and better maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of applying plant ash on rhizosphere soil microbial structure and functional diversity of flue-cured tobacco using plate culture method and BIOLOG technique. The results showed that the application of plant ash all significantly increased the total amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and microbes in rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco. The number of fungi decreased slightly, but the difference was not significant. The similar regulations were in the three time blocks at 35 d, 55 d and 75 d after transplanting respectively. Meanwhile, the utilization of carbon sources(AWCD) and six types of carbon sources in rhizosphere microbial communities of flue-cured tobacco was also significantly higher than that of the control during the above three time blocks. The diversity indices(Shannon index, Simpson index,Evenness index and Richness index) of the rhizosphere soil microbial treated by plant ash were increased in all periods, and the difference was significant at 35 days after transplanting. Principal component analysis also showed that the difference between the plant ash treatment and the control was obvious in principal component coordinate system with the plant ash treatment distributing in positive direction of PC1 while the control distributing in negative direction, indicating significant differences in soil microbial functional diversity. The above results indicate that applying plant ash significantly improve the microbial community structure and functional diversity in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants.
The application of plant ash is aimed at improving the soil microbial community structure, reducing the soil-borne diseases caused by the degeneration of the soil itself and better maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of applying plant ash on rhizosphere soil microbial structure and functional diversity of flue-cured tobacco using plate culture method and BIOLOG technique. The results showed that the application of plant ash all significantly increased the total amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and microbes in rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco. The number of fungi decreased slightly, but the difference was not significant. The similar regulations were in the three time blocks at 35 d, 55 d and 75 d after transplanting respectively. Meanwhile, the utilization of carbon sources(AWCD) and six types of carbon sources in rhizosphere microbial communities of flue-cured tobacco was also significantly higher than that of the control during the above three time blocks. The diversity indices(Shannon index, Simpson index,Evenness index and Richness index) of the rhizosphere soil microbial treated by plant ash were increased in all periods, and the difference was significant at 35 days after transplanting. Principal component analysis also showed that the difference between the plant ash treatment and the control was obvious in principal component coordinate system with the plant ash treatment distributing in positive direction of PC1 while the control distributing in negative direction, indicating significant differences in soil microbial functional diversity. The above results indicate that applying plant ash significantly improve the microbial community structure and functional diversity in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants.
引文
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[18]曹书苗.草莓连作障碍生物防治研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[19]马明生,郭天文,谭雪莲.一种新型生防菌对连作马铃薯的促生防病效果[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(5):11-13.
[20]施河丽,向必坤,彭五星,等.调节植烟土壤酸度防控烤烟青枯病[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(6):50-53.
[21]张月季.大小麦土传病毒病病土消毒初步试验[J].科技简报,1976(15):21-30.
[22]李粉茹,于群英,邹长明.设施菜地土壤pH值、酶活性和氮磷养分含量的变化[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):217-222.
[23]李春格,李晓鸣,王敬国.大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1144-1150.
[24]Bastida F, Hernandez T, Albaladejo J, et al. Phylogenetic and functional changes in the microbial community of long-term restored soils under semiarid climate. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2013, 22(65):12-21.
[25]Irikiin Y, Nishiyama M, Otsuka S, et al. Rhizobacterial communitylevel, sole carbon source utilization pattern affects the delay in the bacterial wilt of tomato grown in rhizobacterial community model system. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006, 34:27-32.
[2]毕明丽,宇万太,姜子绍,等.施肥和土壤管理对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(1):32-42.
[3]王光华,金剑,徐美娜,等.植物、土壤及土壤管理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(5):550-556.
[4]李胜华,谷丽萍,刘可星,等.有机肥配施对番茄土传病害的防治及土壤微生物多样性的调控[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):965-969.
[5]杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):70-74.
[6]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[D].北京:高等教育出版社:2010:362-364.
[7]Borrero C, Ordova’s J, Trillas M I, et al. Tomato Fusarium wilt suppressiveness:The relationship between the organic plant growth media and their microbial communities as characterized by Biolog.Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2006, 38:1631-1637.
[8]Zabinski C A, Gannon J E. Effects of recreational impacts on soil microbial communities[J]. Environmental Management, 1997,21(2):233-238.
[9]杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.紫色土丘陵坡地土壤微生物群落的季节变化[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):34-40.
[10]郑华,欧阳志云,方治国,等.BIOLOG在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报,2004,41(3):456-461.
[11]乌兰图雅,赵建宁,李刚,等.转双价基因抗虫棉对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2486-2492.
[12]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等.长期不同施肥制度下几种土壤微生物学特征变化[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(4):891-899.
[13]Garland J L, Mills A L. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon-source utilization[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1991, 57(8):2351-2359.
[14]贾伟.入侵菊科植物对根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[15]段佳丽.丹参根部病害发生微生态机制与放线菌促生作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[16]熊桂林.施肥对小麦根际微生物的效应及其对小麦纹枯病的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[17]曲再红,杜相革.不同土壤添加剂对番茄苗期土壤根际微生物数量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(3):48-50,117.
[18]曹书苗.草莓连作障碍生物防治研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[19]马明生,郭天文,谭雪莲.一种新型生防菌对连作马铃薯的促生防病效果[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(5):11-13.
[20]施河丽,向必坤,彭五星,等.调节植烟土壤酸度防控烤烟青枯病[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(6):50-53.
[21]张月季.大小麦土传病毒病病土消毒初步试验[J].科技简报,1976(15):21-30.
[22]李粉茹,于群英,邹长明.设施菜地土壤pH值、酶活性和氮磷养分含量的变化[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):217-222.
[23]李春格,李晓鸣,王敬国.大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1144-1150.
[24]Bastida F, Hernandez T, Albaladejo J, et al. Phylogenetic and functional changes in the microbial community of long-term restored soils under semiarid climate. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2013, 22(65):12-21.
[25]Irikiin Y, Nishiyama M, Otsuka S, et al. Rhizobacterial communitylevel, sole carbon source utilization pattern affects the delay in the bacterial wilt of tomato grown in rhizobacterial community model system. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006, 34:27-32.