青少年抑郁症状现况调查
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摘要
目的了解青少年抑郁症状现况及影响因素。方法于2017年3月选取某中学635名13~18岁学生为调查对象,采用一般情况调查表、简版流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)和儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ-SF)进行问卷调查,采用Logistic回归模型分析抑郁发生的危险因素。结果实际调查630人,抑郁阳性(CES-D得分≥16)188例,抑郁阳性率为29.84%。调查对象CTQ-SF得分平均为(32.15±2.98)分,存在躯体忽视的比例最高(38.73%),被躯体虐待的比例最低(2.22%)。累积0条CTQ 252人,占40.00%;累积1条CTQ 198人,占31.43%;累积2条CTQ 115人,占18.25%;累积≥3条CTQ 65人,占10.32%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.034,95%CI:1.012~1.056)、父母离异(OR=1.124,95%CI:1.087~1.162)、家庭不和睦(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.024~1.158)和CTQ累计数目多(ORCTQ=1=1.528,95%CI:1.214~1.923;ORCTQ=2=3.067,95%CI:1.325~7.102;ORCTQ≥3=10.361,95%CI:3.059~35.093)是青少年抑郁发生的危险因素。结论女性、父母离异、家庭不和睦和儿童期创伤经历多是青少年发生抑郁的危险因素。
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and influencing factors among adolescents. Methods A total of 635 students aged 13 to 18 years were selected in March 2017 and were investigated with general information questionnaire,CES-D and CTQ-SF. Results 630 questionnaires are effective and the positive rate of depression was 29.84%(188/630). The average score of CTQ was 32.15±2.98;38.73% of the students were disregarded and only 2.22% of that were abused during their childhood. 40.00% of the students had no CTQ, 1 kinds of CTQ accounted for 31.43%, 2 kinds of CTQ accounted for 18.25%, and more than 3 CTQ accounted for 10.32%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis show that gender(OR=1.034, 95% CI: 1.012-1.056), parents' marital status(OR=1.124, 95% CI: 1.087-1.162), family atmosphere(OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.024-1.158), CTQ cumulative number(ORCTQ=1=1.528, 95% CI: 1.214-1.923; ORCTQ=2=3.067, 95% CI: 1.325-7.102; ORCTQ≥3=10.361, 95% CI: 3.059-35.093) were the risk factors f o r depression. Conclusion Gender, parents' marital status, family atmosphere and CTQ cumulative number were risk factors for depression in adolescents.
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and influencing factors among adolescents. Methods A total of 635 students aged 13 to 18 years were selected in March 2017 and were investigated with general information questionnaire,CES-D and CTQ-SF. Results 630 questionnaires are effective and the positive rate of depression was 29.84%(188/630). The average score of CTQ was 32.15±2.98;38.73% of the students were disregarded and only 2.22% of that were abused during their childhood. 40.00% of the students had no CTQ, 1 kinds of CTQ accounted for 31.43%, 2 kinds of CTQ accounted for 18.25%, and more than 3 CTQ accounted for 10.32%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis show that gender(OR=1.034, 95% CI: 1.012-1.056), parents' marital status(OR=1.124, 95% CI: 1.087-1.162), family atmosphere(OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.024-1.158), CTQ cumulative number(ORCTQ=1=1.528, 95% CI: 1.214-1.923; ORCTQ=2=3.067, 95% CI: 1.325-7.102; ORCTQ≥3=10.361, 95% CI: 3.059-35.093) were the risk factors f o r depression. Conclusion Gender, parents' marital status, family atmosphere and CTQ cumulative number were risk factors for depression in adolescents.
引文
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[11]宫翠风,王惠萍,尉秀峰,等.童年期创伤性经历与青少年抑郁症的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2016,24(7):1076-1078,1079.
[12]曹敏,李彦章.青少年抑郁、生活事件与情绪调节的关系[J].成都医学院学报,2016,11(6):742-746.
[13]丁慧思,韩娟,张敏莉,等.青少年抑郁症状与儿童期创伤、心理弹性的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2017,31(10):798-802.
[14]苏朝霞,康妍,李建明.青少年抑郁及其相关影响因素研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(5):629-631.
[15]李萍,柳雨希,陈西庆,等.童年创伤与青少年抑郁症的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(7):1078-1080.
[16]VAN VUGT E,LANCT魺T N,PAQUETTE G,et al.Girls in residential care:from child maltreatment to trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood[J].Child Abuse Negl,2014,38(1):114-122.
[17]刘洋,张伟波,蔡军.初中生焦虑抑郁情绪与生活方式的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2017,31(3):235-240.
[18]HOVENS J G,GILTAY E J,WIERSMA J E,et al.Impact of childhood life events and trauma on the course of depressive and anxiety disorders[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,2012,126(3):198-207.
[2]付慧鹏,霍军,赵小会.父母养育方式与青少年抑郁症的关系[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2013,15(9):198.
[3]唐记华,王高华,王晓萍,等.抑郁障碍青少年自伤行为、自杀观念相关因素剖析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2005,19(8):536-538.
[4]蒋国栋.大学生抑郁症症状水平与儿童期创伤经历关系初探[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(7):1117-1118,1119.
[5]张宝山,李娟.简版流调中心抑郁量表在全国成年人群中的信效度[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(7):506-511.
[6]WEISSMAN M M,SHOLOMSKAS D,POTTENGER M,et al.Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations:a validation study[J].Am J Epidemiol,1977,106(3):203-214.
[7]GOTLIB I H,LEWINSOHN P M,SEELEY J R.Symptoms versus a diagnosis of depression:differences in psychosocial functioning[J].J Consult Clin Psychol,1995,63(1):90-100.
[8]阳秀英,李新影.青少年超重、肥胖与抑郁和行为问题的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016,30(7):519-526.
[9]王俊霞,张德勇,叶建武,等.莲都区中学生抑郁症状现况调查[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(2):160-161,164.
[10]杨文辉,周烃,彭芳,等.湖南省岳阳县青少年抑郁的流行病学调查[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013,21(6):937-941.
[11]宫翠风,王惠萍,尉秀峰,等.童年期创伤性经历与青少年抑郁症的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2016,24(7):1076-1078,1079.
[12]曹敏,李彦章.青少年抑郁、生活事件与情绪调节的关系[J].成都医学院学报,2016,11(6):742-746.
[13]丁慧思,韩娟,张敏莉,等.青少年抑郁症状与儿童期创伤、心理弹性的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2017,31(10):798-802.
[14]苏朝霞,康妍,李建明.青少年抑郁及其相关影响因素研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(5):629-631.
[15]李萍,柳雨希,陈西庆,等.童年创伤与青少年抑郁症的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(7):1078-1080.
[16]VAN VUGT E,LANCT魺T N,PAQUETTE G,et al.Girls in residential care:from child maltreatment to trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood[J].Child Abuse Negl,2014,38(1):114-122.
[17]刘洋,张伟波,蔡军.初中生焦虑抑郁情绪与生活方式的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2017,31(3):235-240.
[18]HOVENS J G,GILTAY E J,WIERSMA J E,et al.Impact of childhood life events and trauma on the course of depressive and anxiety disorders[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,2012,126(3):198-207.