新疆某医学院校大学生父母教养方式与人格特点的关系
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摘要
目的了解新疆某医学院校大学生父母教养方式与人格的特点及其之间的关系。方法使用卡特尔16人格问卷(16PF)和简式父母教养方式问卷(EMBU-C)对新疆某医学院校大学生进行调查,分析父母教养方式与人格特点及其关系。结果本次调查240人,男性占30.4%,独生子女占32.9%。男性与女性在活泼性(13.26±3.16,13.53±3.46)、敢为性(11.68±3.24,10.23±3.67)和紧张性(12.25±4.68,14.35±3.69)均高于全国常模(均P<0.05);对教养方式4个方面进行分析母亲的分值均高于父亲(均P<0.01)。相关分析表明:父亲情感温暖与敢为性呈正相关(r=0.136,P<0.05);父亲冷漠拒绝与稳定性、有恒性呈负相关(r=-0.151、-0.16,均P<0.05),与忧虑性呈正相关(r=0.196,P<0.05);父亲过度保护与活泼性、有恒性和幻想性呈正相关(r=0.140、0.127、0.143,均P<0.05);父亲抚养焦虑与幻想性、变革性和紧张性呈正相关(r=0.150、0.131、0.200,均P<0.05);母亲情感温暖与乐群性、稳定性、活泼性和有恒性呈正相关(r=0.234、0.203、0.256、0.205,均P<0.05),与独立性呈负相关(r=-0.170);母亲冷漠拒绝与活泼性和幻想性呈正相关(r=0.200、0.301,均P<0.05),与敏感性呈负相关(r=-0.202,均P<0.05);母亲过度保护与乐群性和活泼性、幻想性呈正相关(r=0.127、0.139、0.231,均P<0.05);母亲抚养焦虑与幻想性、忧虑性和紧张性呈正相关(r=0.195、0.159、0.162,均P<0.05)。结论积极的教养方式有利于形成健康的人格,消极的教养方式易产生人格障碍,因此在医学院校心理健康教育中应该联合家庭共同培养其健全人格。
[Objective] To explore the parenting style and personality characteristics of students in a medical university in Xinjiang,explore their relationship.[Methods]Cattell 16 personality factor(16 PF) and simple parenting style questionnaire(EMBU-C)were used to investigate students in a medical university in Xinjiang,and to analyze the parenting style and personality characteristics,as well as the relationship between them.[Results]Among the 240 participants,30.4% were males and 32.9% were only child. It was found that both men and women had the higher score of activity(13.26 ±3.16,13.53 ±3.46),daring(11.68 ±3.24,10.23 ±3.67) and tension(12.25 ±4.68,14.35 ±3.69) than the national norm(all P<0.05). The mean values of parenting style in four aspects of mothers were higher than those of fathers(all P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that the emotional warmth of father was positively correlated with the daring(r=0.136,P<0.05),the cold refusal of father was negatively correlated with stability and persistence(r=-0.151,-0.16,both P<0.05) and positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.196,P<0.05). The excessive protection of father was positively correlated with activity,persistence and skepticism(r=0.140,0.127,0.143,all P<0.05). The raising anxiety of father was positively correlated with skepticism,change and tension(r=0.150,0.131,0.200,all P<0.05). The emotional warmth of mother was positively correlated with locality,stability,activity and persistence(r=0.234,0.203,0.256,0.205,all P<0.05),and negatively correlated with independence(r=-0.170). Mother's cold refusal was positively correlated with activity and skepticism(r=0.200,0.301,both P<0.05),and negatively correlated with sensitivity(r=-0.202,P<0.05). Mother's overprotection was positively correlated with leprosy,activity and skepticism(r =0.127,0.139,0.231,all P <0.05). Mother's raising anxiety was positively correlated with skepticism,anxiety,and tension(r =0.195,0.159,0.162,all P <0.05). [Conclusion]The positive parenting style is conducive to the formation of healthy personality,while negative parenting style is likely to cause personality disorder. Therefore,the mental health education in medical colleges should focus on the psychological problems of medical students to cultivate their healthy personality together with families.
[Objective] To explore the parenting style and personality characteristics of students in a medical university in Xinjiang,explore their relationship.[Methods]Cattell 16 personality factor(16 PF) and simple parenting style questionnaire(EMBU-C)were used to investigate students in a medical university in Xinjiang,and to analyze the parenting style and personality characteristics,as well as the relationship between them.[Results]Among the 240 participants,30.4% were males and 32.9% were only child. It was found that both men and women had the higher score of activity(13.26 ±3.16,13.53 ±3.46),daring(11.68 ±3.24,10.23 ±3.67) and tension(12.25 ±4.68,14.35 ±3.69) than the national norm(all P<0.05). The mean values of parenting style in four aspects of mothers were higher than those of fathers(all P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that the emotional warmth of father was positively correlated with the daring(r=0.136,P<0.05),the cold refusal of father was negatively correlated with stability and persistence(r=-0.151,-0.16,both P<0.05) and positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.196,P<0.05). The excessive protection of father was positively correlated with activity,persistence and skepticism(r=0.140,0.127,0.143,all P<0.05). The raising anxiety of father was positively correlated with skepticism,change and tension(r=0.150,0.131,0.200,all P<0.05). The emotional warmth of mother was positively correlated with locality,stability,activity and persistence(r=0.234,0.203,0.256,0.205,all P<0.05),and negatively correlated with independence(r=-0.170). Mother's cold refusal was positively correlated with activity and skepticism(r=0.200,0.301,both P<0.05),and negatively correlated with sensitivity(r=-0.202,P<0.05). Mother's overprotection was positively correlated with leprosy,activity and skepticism(r =0.127,0.139,0.231,all P <0.05). Mother's raising anxiety was positively correlated with skepticism,anxiety,and tension(r =0.195,0.159,0.162,all P <0.05). [Conclusion]The positive parenting style is conducive to the formation of healthy personality,while negative parenting style is likely to cause personality disorder. Therefore,the mental health education in medical colleges should focus on the psychological problems of medical students to cultivate their healthy personality together with families.
引文
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[13]程利娜.服刑人员与非服刑人员人格障碍与父母教养方式的比较[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(1),69-71.
[14]陈美荣,彭康清.父母不良教养方式对学生问题行为的影响研究[J].南昌教育学院学报,2016,6(3),109-111.
[15]罗若云,王骞,李红政.父母教养方式对表演性人格障碍的影响[J].神经疾病与精神卫生,2017,17(4),284-287.
[16]霍东杰,赵晴,郭明哲,等.父母教养方式对人格的影响[J].新教育时代,2017(4),194.
[17]吴丽,楼月.父母教养方式对子女心理健康的影响[J].山西青年,2017(17),295.
[18]李莉.高中生的父母教养方式、人格特征与其生命价值观的关系-以玉溪三中为例[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2017:46.
[19]冯绍珍,吴敏.大学生父母教养方式与成人依恋的决策树分析[J].黑龙江教育学院学报,2016,35(1):76-79.
[20]郑艺璇.大学生父母教养方式与人际冲突处理风格的相关研究[J].校园心理,2017,15(6):431-433.
[2]闫凤严.医学生人际关系、家庭教养方式与心理健康的关系研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2016,32(10):65-67.
[3]帖黎明.父母教养方式中文版的修订及信效度研究[D].沈阳:中国医科大学,2014:36-38.
[4]杨群,王家同,王锐安,等.军队院校地方计划生育地方大学生16PF测查结果比较[J].第四军医大学学报,2005,26(11):1050-1052.
[5]王号.父母教养方式、人格特质与儿童安全感的关系研究—以金山区22所公办小学为例[D].上海:上海师范大学,2016:45-46.
[6]李真,李文秀,黄紫薇,等.大学生成人依恋与父母教养方式的关系:基于北京高校横断面调查[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2018,26(5):757-762.
[7]刘静.大学生心理健康与父母教养方式相关分析[J].宁波教育学院学报,2017,19(1):36-41.
[8]宋丽娟,唐平,杨贵英,等.四川省部分高校大学生心理健康状况与人格特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(6):732-734.
[9]康育文,李传召.内地藏族大学生心理健康及相关因素分析[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2013,22(6):556-558.
[10]PETROWSKI K,BERTH H,SCHIMIDT S,et al. The assessment of recalled parental rearing behavior and its relationship to life satisfaction and interpersonal problems:A general population study[J/OL].BMC Med Res Methodol,2009(4):9-17.[2018-07-30]. http://pubmed.cn/19267894,DOI:10.1186/1471-2288-9-17
[11]杨震.高师生心理韧性与父母教养方式的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(10):1490-1495.
[12]何晓燕,裴秀芳.大学生主观幸福感与父母教养方式的调查研究[J].教育理论与实践,2015(3):43-45.
[13]程利娜.服刑人员与非服刑人员人格障碍与父母教养方式的比较[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(1),69-71.
[14]陈美荣,彭康清.父母不良教养方式对学生问题行为的影响研究[J].南昌教育学院学报,2016,6(3),109-111.
[15]罗若云,王骞,李红政.父母教养方式对表演性人格障碍的影响[J].神经疾病与精神卫生,2017,17(4),284-287.
[16]霍东杰,赵晴,郭明哲,等.父母教养方式对人格的影响[J].新教育时代,2017(4),194.
[17]吴丽,楼月.父母教养方式对子女心理健康的影响[J].山西青年,2017(17),295.
[18]李莉.高中生的父母教养方式、人格特征与其生命价值观的关系-以玉溪三中为例[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2017:46.
[19]冯绍珍,吴敏.大学生父母教养方式与成人依恋的决策树分析[J].黑龙江教育学院学报,2016,35(1):76-79.
[20]郑艺璇.大学生父母教养方式与人际冲突处理风格的相关研究[J].校园心理,2017,15(6):431-433.