轴系扭矩测量方法与发展趋势
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摘要
扭矩是反映轴系传动装置输出功率和评价其工作特性的主要技术指标,通过实时监测输出扭矩可为机械动力设备的可靠运行、故障诊断、安全维护提供有效保障,开展轴系扭矩测量方法研究具有重要意义。本文基于传递法的两大类扭矩测量原理,详细分析了当今研究较为广泛的几种应力(应变)检测型、扭转角检测型扭矩测量方法和传感器结构的工作原理、特点以及存在的问题。结合轴系传动装置自身的特点与发展,认为今后轴系扭矩测量方法应在应变片测量工艺改进、非接触式测量、特殊尺寸轴上测量、数据处理方法和可计量性设计几方面开展进一步研究。
Torque is main technical index that reflects the output power and performances of transmission shafting,which can provides effective guarantee for reliable operation,fault diagnosis and security maintenance of power equipment via real time monitoring of output torque. It has important implications for torque measurement of transmission shafting. Based on the two kinds of principles of torque measurement in transfer method,strain( stress) and torsion angle,the working principles,characteristics and drawbacks of several torque measuring methods and sensor structures that having been researched widely were analyzed in detail. In the future,combining with the own characteristics and development of transmission shafting,the torque measurement of transmission shafting should be further developed in the respects: craft improvement of strain gauge testing,non-contact measurement,measurement of special size shaft,method of data handling and design of measurability.
Torque is main technical index that reflects the output power and performances of transmission shafting,which can provides effective guarantee for reliable operation,fault diagnosis and security maintenance of power equipment via real time monitoring of output torque. It has important implications for torque measurement of transmission shafting. Based on the two kinds of principles of torque measurement in transfer method,strain( stress) and torsion angle,the working principles,characteristics and drawbacks of several torque measuring methods and sensor structures that having been researched widely were analyzed in detail. In the future,combining with the own characteristics and development of transmission shafting,the torque measurement of transmission shafting should be further developed in the respects: craft improvement of strain gauge testing,non-contact measurement,measurement of special size shaft,method of data handling and design of measurability.
引文
[1]徐迟.航空发动机扭矩特性适航规章分析[J].燃气轮机技术,2010,24(3):18-24.
[2]诺霸精密机械有限公司.提升精度诺霸协助航空领域检测扭矩工具[EBOL].(2008-12-26)[2016-09-01].http:www.norbar.com.cndoccnews_detail.asp?id=366.
[3]孟濬,王华强.车用无接触式扭矩传感器的信号采集与处理[J].控制工程,2012,19(2):339-342.
[4]张之泰,潘宏侠,赵文亮.车辆动态扭矩遥感测试系统设计[J].自动化与仪表,2010,25(4):46-49.
[5]严康平,林静,胡巍,等.船舶主机轴系交变扭矩与扭振测试装置[J].船舶工程,2009,31(S1):36-38.
[6]王岩,储江伟.扭矩测量方法现状及发展趋势[J].林业机械与木工设备,2010,38(11):14-18.
[7]文西芹,张永忠.扭矩传感器的现状与发展趋势[J].仪表技术与传感器,2001(12):1-3,11.
[8]柴继新,王恩锋,范小燕,等.几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器[J].计测技术,2010,30(2):34-36.
[9]文西芹,张永忠,宁晓明.逆磁致伸缩效应扭矩传感器的历史、现状、趋势[J].传感器世界,2002,8(2):1-7.
[10]武延鹏,张松涛,尤政.新型抗气隙干扰磁弹性扭矩传感器的研究[J].传感器与微系统,2001,20(5):16-18,24.
[11]文西芹,张永忠,刘成文.基于磁弹性效应的磁头型扭矩传感器[J].化工矿物与加工,2003,32(8):17-20.
[12]石延平,臧勇,周庆贵.基于铁基非晶态合金的非接触半套环式扭矩传感器的研究[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(12):13-17.
[13]Raghunath G,Flatau A B,Purekar A,et al.Non-Contact Torque Measurement Using Magnetostrictive Galfenol[C]ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials,Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems.2013:V001T04A013.
[14]Shimada M.Magnetostrictive torque sensor and its output characteristics[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1993,73(10):6872-6874.
[15]吴永烽.基于环形球栅的扭矩测量原理与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[16]喻洪麟,朱传新,杨张利.光栅扭矩动态测量系统设计及实现[J].应用光学,2006,27(5):442-445.
[17]季学武,马小平,周寒露,等.电动助力转向系统光电式转矩传感器的研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2004(10):4-6.
[18]徐继辉.应用于船舶传动轴扭矩检测的声表面波传感器设计[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.
[19]余成波,陶红艳,张莲,等.基于圆柱体电容面积变化型扭矩测量的研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2005(12):4-5.
[20]Madni A M,Vuong J B,Yang D C H,et al.A Differential Capacitive Torque Sensor With Optimal Kinematic Linearity[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2007,7(5):800-807.
[21]黄震,刘彬,董全林.基于激光多普勒技术的扭矩测量研究[J].计量学报,2007(1):61-63.
[2]诺霸精密机械有限公司.提升精度诺霸协助航空领域检测扭矩工具[EBOL].(2008-12-26)[2016-09-01].http:www.norbar.com.cndoccnews_detail.asp?id=366.
[3]孟濬,王华强.车用无接触式扭矩传感器的信号采集与处理[J].控制工程,2012,19(2):339-342.
[4]张之泰,潘宏侠,赵文亮.车辆动态扭矩遥感测试系统设计[J].自动化与仪表,2010,25(4):46-49.
[5]严康平,林静,胡巍,等.船舶主机轴系交变扭矩与扭振测试装置[J].船舶工程,2009,31(S1):36-38.
[6]王岩,储江伟.扭矩测量方法现状及发展趋势[J].林业机械与木工设备,2010,38(11):14-18.
[7]文西芹,张永忠.扭矩传感器的现状与发展趋势[J].仪表技术与传感器,2001(12):1-3,11.
[8]柴继新,王恩锋,范小燕,等.几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器[J].计测技术,2010,30(2):34-36.
[9]文西芹,张永忠,宁晓明.逆磁致伸缩效应扭矩传感器的历史、现状、趋势[J].传感器世界,2002,8(2):1-7.
[10]武延鹏,张松涛,尤政.新型抗气隙干扰磁弹性扭矩传感器的研究[J].传感器与微系统,2001,20(5):16-18,24.
[11]文西芹,张永忠,刘成文.基于磁弹性效应的磁头型扭矩传感器[J].化工矿物与加工,2003,32(8):17-20.
[12]石延平,臧勇,周庆贵.基于铁基非晶态合金的非接触半套环式扭矩传感器的研究[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(12):13-17.
[13]Raghunath G,Flatau A B,Purekar A,et al.Non-Contact Torque Measurement Using Magnetostrictive Galfenol[C]ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials,Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems.2013:V001T04A013.
[14]Shimada M.Magnetostrictive torque sensor and its output characteristics[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1993,73(10):6872-6874.
[15]吴永烽.基于环形球栅的扭矩测量原理与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[16]喻洪麟,朱传新,杨张利.光栅扭矩动态测量系统设计及实现[J].应用光学,2006,27(5):442-445.
[17]季学武,马小平,周寒露,等.电动助力转向系统光电式转矩传感器的研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2004(10):4-6.
[18]徐继辉.应用于船舶传动轴扭矩检测的声表面波传感器设计[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.
[19]余成波,陶红艳,张莲,等.基于圆柱体电容面积变化型扭矩测量的研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2005(12):4-5.
[20]Madni A M,Vuong J B,Yang D C H,et al.A Differential Capacitive Torque Sensor With Optimal Kinematic Linearity[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2007,7(5):800-807.
[21]黄震,刘彬,董全林.基于激光多普勒技术的扭矩测量研究[J].计量学报,2007(1):61-63.