SH固土剂在遗址土中的渗透注浆扩散规律
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摘要
风化是中国西北地区土遗址最常见的病害之一。土遗址防风化方法主要是表面喷洒和钻孔注浆。通过对不同干密度重塑土样的钻孔注浆试验,来寻找改性聚乙烯醇(SH)固土剂扩散规律,建立了SH固土剂渗透范围模型——旋转抛物体,解释了产生该渗透现象的原因,并通过计算得到了SH固土剂渗透加固土体体积以及渗透范围内SH的固含量,确定了土遗址中含该固含量的SH固土剂足以对其产生防风化的作用。利用Image J图像分析软件对SEM照片进行处理,获得了不同干密度条件下孔隙分布、孔隙分形维数和平均Feret直径。研究发现,随着干密度增大,土体渗透性减弱,其主要原因是中、大孔隙被压缩成微、小孔隙,并建议将SH固土剂渗透注浆应用于平均Feret直径大于4.98?m的土体。最后通过多元线性回归的方法发现,注浆量对渗透半径影响最大,其次是平均Feret直径,孔径的影响最小。
Weathering is one of the most common diseases for earthen sites in northwest China. Surface sprinkling and hole grouting are two main methods to prevent weathering. Grouting experiments are performed on remolded soil samples with different dry densities to reveal the infiltration grouting diffusion laws of SH agent. An infiltration model of SH agent is established and the experimental phenomenon is reasonably explained. The volume of the soil reinforced by SH and the solid content of SH agent are obtained by calculation, and the solid content is proved to be sufficient to resist weathering for earthen sites. Through SEM images processed by Image J, pore distribution, pore fractal dimension and average Feret diameter under different dry densities are obtained. It is found that the permeability of soil decreases with the increase of dry density, because medium and large pores are compressed into micro and small pores. It is suggested that grouting experiment of SH agent should be applied to soil whose average Feret diameter is more than 4.98 ?m. Finally, by the method of multiple linear regression, it is found that grouting volume has the greatest effect on the infiltration radius, followed by average Feret diameter and aperture.
Weathering is one of the most common diseases for earthen sites in northwest China. Surface sprinkling and hole grouting are two main methods to prevent weathering. Grouting experiments are performed on remolded soil samples with different dry densities to reveal the infiltration grouting diffusion laws of SH agent. An infiltration model of SH agent is established and the experimental phenomenon is reasonably explained. The volume of the soil reinforced by SH and the solid content of SH agent are obtained by calculation, and the solid content is proved to be sufficient to resist weathering for earthen sites. Through SEM images processed by Image J, pore distribution, pore fractal dimension and average Feret diameter under different dry densities are obtained. It is found that the permeability of soil decreases with the increase of dry density, because medium and large pores are compressed into micro and small pores. It is suggested that grouting experiment of SH agent should be applied to soil whose average Feret diameter is more than 4.98 ?m. Finally, by the method of multiple linear regression, it is found that grouting volume has the greatest effect on the infiltration radius, followed by average Feret diameter and aperture.
引文
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[18]叶观保.地基处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.YE Guan-bao.Foundation treatment[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1997.
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[20]柴寿喜,王沛,韩文峰,等.高分子材料固化滨海盐渍土的强度与微结构研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6):1067-1072.CHAI Shou-xi,WANG Pei,HAN Wen-feng,et al.Research on strength and microstructure feature of solidified saline soil in inshore with polymer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(6):1067-1072.
[21]綦建峰,隋旺华,张改玲,等.基于SEM图像处理红层砂岩孔隙度及分维数计算分析[C]//2014年全国工程地质学术大会论文集.北京:科学出版社,2014:7.QI Jian-feng,SUI Wang-hua,ZHANG Gai-ling,et al.Calculation and analysis of the porosity and fractal dimension of red stratum sandstone based on SEMimages processing[C]//Proceedings of 2014 Chinese Engineering Geology Conference.Beijing:Science Press,2014:7.
[22]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1987,38(12):1309-1316.LEI Xiang-yi.Chinese loess pore type and collapsibility[J].Science China,1987,38(12):1309-1316.
[23]徐永福,黄寅春.分形理论在研究非饱和土力学性质中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(5):635-638.XU Yong-fu,HUANG Yin-chun.Fractal-textured soils and their unsaturated mechanical properties[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(5):635-638.
[24]牛文杰,叶为民,陈宝,等.考虑微观结构的非饱和渗透系数计算公式[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2009,36(6):34-39.NIU Wen-jie,YE Wei-min,CHEN Bao,et al.The equation of unsaturated permeability considering the microstructure[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2009,36(6):34-39.
[25]刘松玉,方磊,陈浩东.论我国特殊土粒度分布的分形结构[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(1):23-30.LIU Song-yu,FANG Lei,CHEN Hao-dong.Fractal structure of granularity distribution of regional soils in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(1):23-30.
[26]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.LI Yun-yan,HU Chuan-rong.Experimental design and data processing[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[2]谌文武,郭志谦,徐彦荣,等.基于SH加固材料的土遗址夯土试样室内滴渗试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(8):1517-1523.CHEN Wen-wu,GUO Zhi-qian,XU Yan-rong,et al.Laboratory tests on rammed earth samples of earthen sites instilled by reinforcement material SH[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(8):1517-1532.
[3]岩土注浆理论与工程实例协作组.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.Collaboration of Geotechnical Grouting Theory and Engineering Examples.Geotechnical grouting theory and engineering examples[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.
[4]刘嘉材.裂隙灌浆扩散半径的研究[C]//水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集第20集(岩土工程).北京:水利电力出版社,1982:182-195.LIU Jia-cai.Study on the silt diffusion radius[C]//The20th Collection of Papers of the Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(Geotechnical Engineering).Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,1982:182-195.
[5]葛家良,陆士良.注浆模拟试验及其应用的研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(3):28-33.GE Jia-liang,LU Shi-liang.Study on grouting simulation experiment and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(3):28-33.
[6]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):69-73.RUAN Wen-jun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):69-73.
[7]杨坪,唐益群,彭振斌,等.砂卵(砾)石层中注浆模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2134-2138.YANG Ping,TANG Yi-qun,PENG Zhen-bin,et al.Study on grouting simulating experiment in sandy gravels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2134-2138.
[8]李术才,郑卓,刘人太,等.基于渗滤效应的多孔介质渗透注浆扩散规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2401-2409.LI Shu-cai,ZHENG Zhuo,LIU Ren-tai,et al.Analysis of diffusion of grout in porous media considering infiltration effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2401-2409.
[9]李术才,冯啸,刘人太,等.考虑渗滤效应的砂土介质注浆扩散规律研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):925-933.LI Shu-cai,FENG Xiao,LIU Ren-tai,et al.Diffusion of grouting cement in sandy soil considering filtration effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):925-933.
[10]张虎元,刘平,王旭东,等.莫高窟崖顶强风化层PS花管注浆加固试验研究[J].敦煌研究,2009,(6):13-20,121.ZHANG Hu-yuan,LIU Ping,WANG Xu-dong,et al.PS-consolidation of weathered rock at Mogao Cliff by perforated pipe grouting technique[J].Dunhuang Research,2009,(6):13-20,121.
[11]柴新军,钱七虎,杨泽平,等.点滴化学注浆技术加固土遗址工程实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2980-2985.CAI Xin-jun,QIAN Qi-hu,YANG Ze-ping,et al.Case study of drip injection of chemical grouts in earthen ruins reinforcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2980-2985.
[12]李最雄,邵明申,陈锐.PS加固对非饱和遗址土的渗透特性影响研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):2039-2044.LI Zui-xiong,SHAO Ming-shen,CHEN Rui.Impact of PS on permeability of unsaturated ruins clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(7):2039-2044.
[13]王银梅,杨重存,谌文武,等.新型高分子材料SH加固黄土强度及机理探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2554-2559.WANG Yin-mei,YANG Zhong-cun,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Strength characteristics and mechanism of loess solidified with new polymer material SH[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2554-2559.
[14]王银梅,高立成.黄土化学改良试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(6):1071-1077.WANG Yin-mei,GAO Li-cheng.Experiment research on chemical improvement of loess[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(6):1071-1077.
[15]王银梅,韩文峰,谌文武.新型高分子固化材料与水泥加固黄土力学性能对比研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(11):1761-1765.WANG Yin-mei,HAN Wen-feng,CHEN Wen-wu.Research on comparison between mechanical behaviors of loess solidified with new polymer material and cement[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(11):1761-1765.
[16]中国建筑科学研究院.JGJ63―2006混凝土用水标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.China Academy of Building Research.JGJ63―2006Standard of water for concrete[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2006.
[17]杨俊志,冯杨文,吴丽.GIN灌浆法在紫坪铺工程灌浆试验中的应用[J].水利水电技术,2002,33(11):48-50.YANG Jun-zhi,FENG Yang-wen,WU Li.Application of GIN grouting method in grouting test in Zipingpu Project[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2002,33(11):48-50.
[18]叶观保.地基处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.YE Guan-bao.Foundation treatment[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1997.
[19]杨志全,侯克鹏,郭婷婷,等.黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的柱-半球形渗透注浆机制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2697-2703.YANG Zhi-quan,HOU Ke-peng,GUO Ting-ting,et al.Study of column-hemispherical penetration grouting mechanism based on Bingham fluid of time-dependent behavior of viscosity[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2697-2703.
[20]柴寿喜,王沛,韩文峰,等.高分子材料固化滨海盐渍土的强度与微结构研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6):1067-1072.CHAI Shou-xi,WANG Pei,HAN Wen-feng,et al.Research on strength and microstructure feature of solidified saline soil in inshore with polymer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(6):1067-1072.
[21]綦建峰,隋旺华,张改玲,等.基于SEM图像处理红层砂岩孔隙度及分维数计算分析[C]//2014年全国工程地质学术大会论文集.北京:科学出版社,2014:7.QI Jian-feng,SUI Wang-hua,ZHANG Gai-ling,et al.Calculation and analysis of the porosity and fractal dimension of red stratum sandstone based on SEMimages processing[C]//Proceedings of 2014 Chinese Engineering Geology Conference.Beijing:Science Press,2014:7.
[22]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1987,38(12):1309-1316.LEI Xiang-yi.Chinese loess pore type and collapsibility[J].Science China,1987,38(12):1309-1316.
[23]徐永福,黄寅春.分形理论在研究非饱和土力学性质中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(5):635-638.XU Yong-fu,HUANG Yin-chun.Fractal-textured soils and their unsaturated mechanical properties[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(5):635-638.
[24]牛文杰,叶为民,陈宝,等.考虑微观结构的非饱和渗透系数计算公式[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2009,36(6):34-39.NIU Wen-jie,YE Wei-min,CHEN Bao,et al.The equation of unsaturated permeability considering the microstructure[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2009,36(6):34-39.
[25]刘松玉,方磊,陈浩东.论我国特殊土粒度分布的分形结构[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(1):23-30.LIU Song-yu,FANG Lei,CHEN Hao-dong.Fractal structure of granularity distribution of regional soils in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(1):23-30.
[26]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.LI Yun-yan,HU Chuan-rong.Experimental design and data processing[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.