暗管排水排盐改良盐碱地机理与农田生态系统响应研究进展
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摘要
暗管排水排盐技术是通过控制地下水位与高效利用降水或灌溉水资源改变土壤水盐运移规律,从而影响土壤盐分分布规律和土壤特性,达到改良盐碱地的效果。本文在对暗管排水排盐技术自身发展及其应用的关键条件总结概述的基础上,对其改良盐碱地机理与农田生态系统响应两方面的科学研究进展进行了综述。暗管排水排盐技术改良盐碱地机理方面的研究主要集中在暗管埋设对"四水"转化规律的改变以及由此带来的地下水埋深控制或灌溉制度变化、控制性排水和定水位排水条件下的土壤水盐运移规律、暗管埋设条件下土壤水盐运移模型模拟等方面。农田生态系统对暗管埋设排水的响应方面的研究主要集中在以土壤理化性状和土壤养分为主的土壤特性响应、作物生长发育和产量品质的生理生态适应性、农田生态系统土地与种植结构和服务功能的改变等方面。本文最后展望了未来研究的关注点。
Subsurface pipe drainage system is an efficient engineering approach to improve saline-alkali lands.It runs by controlling water tables to certain levels while leaching salt by rain-fed or irrigated water.Subsurface pipe drainage system changes the velocity,quantity and direction of soil water and salt movement.This induces soil salt redistribution and variations in soil features.This paper firstly summarized the technological development of subsurface pipe drainage system,discussed the conditions(natural and ecological) of application and the key engineering parameters.Based on literature analysis,the mechanism and response of agro-ecosystems to subsurface pipe drainage system regarding improving saline-alkali lands were then presented.Numerous research on the mechanism of subsurface pipe drainage systems had mainly focused on: 1) changes in circulation principles of precipitation,surface water,soil water and groundwater,especially the relationship between agriculture and water table level,irrigation system,waterlogging.2) The features of soil water and salt migration under controlled and fixed water table drainage.Under controlled drainage conditions,soil salt varied with drainage frequency and intensity at supportable soil water content.Under fixed water table drainage conditions,the depth of subsurface pipe and the spacing between side-by-side pipes regulated drainage water and salt movements.3) Simulated and modeled soil water and salt migration features.These researches focused on the theoretical innovation,key parameters determination,validation and suitability.Also research on agro-ecosystem response had mainly focused on: 1) soil features in ago-ecosystems;2) adaptable crop planting,including physiological and ecological responses of crop growth,quality and yield to subsurface pipe drainage system;and on 3) agro-ecosystem structure and functional responses,including tillage system,land use and ecosystem services promotion.Finally,this paper put forward two strategies of future research on subsurface pipe drainage systems and applications.
Subsurface pipe drainage system is an efficient engineering approach to improve saline-alkali lands.It runs by controlling water tables to certain levels while leaching salt by rain-fed or irrigated water.Subsurface pipe drainage system changes the velocity,quantity and direction of soil water and salt movement.This induces soil salt redistribution and variations in soil features.This paper firstly summarized the technological development of subsurface pipe drainage system,discussed the conditions(natural and ecological) of application and the key engineering parameters.Based on literature analysis,the mechanism and response of agro-ecosystems to subsurface pipe drainage system regarding improving saline-alkali lands were then presented.Numerous research on the mechanism of subsurface pipe drainage systems had mainly focused on: 1) changes in circulation principles of precipitation,surface water,soil water and groundwater,especially the relationship between agriculture and water table level,irrigation system,waterlogging.2) The features of soil water and salt migration under controlled and fixed water table drainage.Under controlled drainage conditions,soil salt varied with drainage frequency and intensity at supportable soil water content.Under fixed water table drainage conditions,the depth of subsurface pipe and the spacing between side-by-side pipes regulated drainage water and salt movements.3) Simulated and modeled soil water and salt migration features.These researches focused on the theoretical innovation,key parameters determination,validation and suitability.Also research on agro-ecosystem response had mainly focused on: 1) soil features in ago-ecosystems;2) adaptable crop planting,including physiological and ecological responses of crop growth,quality and yield to subsurface pipe drainage system;and on 3) agro-ecosystem structure and functional responses,including tillage system,land use and ecosystem services promotion.Finally,this paper put forward two strategies of future research on subsurface pipe drainage systems and applications.
引文
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