印度尼西亚巴都希贾乌斑岩型铜——金矿床成矿特征
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摘要
巴都希贾乌铜金矿是坐落在印度尼西亚松巴岛西南部的世界级的斑岩型铜金矿床,产于岛弧环境。从容矿岩石、矿化、蚀变、成矿流体等方面分析总结了该矿床的基本特征。矿床在岩浆组合、空间形态和矿化及围岩蚀变特征上均体现出了明确的斑岩型矿床的特征;矿区围岩蚀变可划分为四个阶段,与成矿关系最为密切的是第一阶段的黑云母化;成矿流体为相对低温高盐度的流体,且具有由深到浅石盐溶解温度升高的趋势。
Batu Hijau is a world-class porphyry copper-gold deposit located in the southwest of Songba Island, Indonesia. It occurs in island arc environment. The basic characteristics of the deposit are analyzed and summarized in terms of host rocks, mineralization, alteration and ore-forming fluids. The characteristics of porphyry deposits are clearly reflected in magmatic assemblage, spatial morphology, mineralization and wall rock alteration. The wall rock alteration in the mining area can be divided into four stages, and the first stage of biotitization is the most closely related to mineralization. The ore-forming fluid is relatively low temperature and high salinity fluid, and has the trend of increasing the dissolution temperature from deep to shallow salt.
Batu Hijau is a world-class porphyry copper-gold deposit located in the southwest of Songba Island, Indonesia. It occurs in island arc environment. The basic characteristics of the deposit are analyzed and summarized in terms of host rocks, mineralization, alteration and ore-forming fluids. The characteristics of porphyry deposits are clearly reflected in magmatic assemblage, spatial morphology, mineralization and wall rock alteration. The wall rock alteration in the mining area can be divided into four stages, and the first stage of biotitization is the most closely related to mineralization. The ore-forming fluid is relatively low temperature and high salinity fluid, and has the trend of increasing the dissolution temperature from deep to shallow salt.
引文
[1]李娜.查干德尔斯成矿花岗岩与西南太平洋岛弧成矿岩浆岩成因比较研究[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2013.
[2]乔磊.“一带一路”铜矿地质特征及战略区划[D].中国地质科学院硕士学位论文,2018.
[3]张爽.东南亚岛弧铜矿成矿地质背景与成矿岩石地球化学特征[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2014.
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[5]胡鹏,张海坤,朱章显,项剑桥.印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛所罗克地区区域化探异常分析与找矿前景初探[J].资源环境与工程,2015,29(1):69-73+84.
[6]朱章显,杨振强,姚华舟,梁约翰,彭练红,谌建国.东南亚巽他群岛埃达克岩的分布及斑岩型铜(金)矿成矿预测的地质准则[J].地质通报,2009,28(Z1):333-342.
[7]张海坤,胡鹏,曹亮,Armin Tampubolon,刘阿睢,程湘.印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛Sarudik地区A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义[J].中国矿业,2017,26(11):171-178.
[8]姚华舟,朱章显,韦延光,杨振强,吴健辉.巽他群岛-新几内亚岛地区地质与矿产[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:100-121.
[9]朱章显,杨振强,胡鹏.印尼苏门答腊岛巴东地区埃达克质岩地球化学特征和构造环境意义[J].中国矿业,2014,23(8):92-99,100.
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[11]Imai A,Shinomiya J,Soe M T,Setijadji L D,Watanabe K,Warmada I W.Porphyry-type mineralization atSelogiri area,Wonogiri regency,Central Java,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2007,57:235-245.
[12]Maula S,Levet B K.Porphyry copper-gold signatures and the discovery of the BatuHijau deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[C].//In:Australian Mineral Foundation(ed.)Conference Proceedings on Porphyry Related Copper and Gold Depositsof the Asia Pacific Region;12-13 August1996,Cairns,Australia.
[13]Imai A,Ohno S.Primary ore mineral assemblage andfluid inclusion study of the Batu Hijau porphyry Cu-Audeposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2005,55:239-248.
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[15]Garwin S L.The Geologic Setting of Intrusion-Related Hydrothermal Systems near the BatuHijau Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[C].//In R.J.Goldfarb,&R.L.Nielsen(Eds.),Integrated Methods for Discovery:Global Exploration in the Twenty-First Century.USA:Society of Economic Geologists,2002,9:333-366.
[16]Meldrum S J,Aquino R S,Gonzales R I,Burke R J,Suyadi A,Irianto B,Clarke D S.The Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit deposit,Sumbawa Island,Indonesia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1994,50:203-220.
[17]Idrus A,Kolb J,Meyer F M.Chemical compositionof rockforming minerals in copper-gold bearing tonalite porphyries at the BatuHijau deposit,Sumbawa Island,Indonesia:implications for crystallization conditions and fluorinechlorine fugacity[J].Resource Geology,2007,57:102-113.
[18]Idrus A,Kolb J,Meyer F M.Mineralogy,lithogeochemistry and elemental mass balance of the hydrothermal alteration associated with gold-rich BatuHijau porphyrycopper deposit,Sumbawa island,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2009,59:215-230.
[19]Imai A,Nagai Y.Fluid inclusion study and opaquemineral assemblage at the deep and shallow part of the BatuHijau porphyry copper-gold deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2009,59:231-243.
[20]Bodar R J.Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl soutions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57(3):683-684.
[21]陈衍景,倪培,范宏瑞,Pirajno F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J].岩石学报,2007,23(9):2085-2108.
[22]Wilkinson J J,Stoffell B,Wilkinson C C.Anomalously metal-rich fluids from hydrothermal ore deposit[J].Science,2009,323(5915):764-767.
[23]卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-487.
[2]乔磊.“一带一路”铜矿地质特征及战略区划[D].中国地质科学院硕士学位论文,2018.
[3]张爽.东南亚岛弧铜矿成矿地质背景与成矿岩石地球化学特征[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2014.
[4]Clode C,Proffett J,Mitchell P,Munajat I.Relationships of intrusion,wall-rock alteration and mineralisation in the BatuHijau copper-gold porphyry deposit[C].//In:Weber,G.(ed.)Proceedings Pacrim Congress,10-13 October 1999,Bali,Indonesia.Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Melbourne,1999:485-498.
[5]胡鹏,张海坤,朱章显,项剑桥.印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛所罗克地区区域化探异常分析与找矿前景初探[J].资源环境与工程,2015,29(1):69-73+84.
[6]朱章显,杨振强,姚华舟,梁约翰,彭练红,谌建国.东南亚巽他群岛埃达克岩的分布及斑岩型铜(金)矿成矿预测的地质准则[J].地质通报,2009,28(Z1):333-342.
[7]张海坤,胡鹏,曹亮,Armin Tampubolon,刘阿睢,程湘.印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛Sarudik地区A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义[J].中国矿业,2017,26(11):171-178.
[8]姚华舟,朱章显,韦延光,杨振强,吴健辉.巽他群岛-新几内亚岛地区地质与矿产[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:100-121.
[9]朱章显,杨振强,胡鹏.印尼苏门答腊岛巴东地区埃达克质岩地球化学特征和构造环境意义[J].中国矿业,2014,23(8):92-99,100.
[10]Carlile J C,Mitchell A H G.Magmatic arcs andassociated gold and copper mineralisation in Indonesia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1994,50:91-142.
[11]Imai A,Shinomiya J,Soe M T,Setijadji L D,Watanabe K,Warmada I W.Porphyry-type mineralization atSelogiri area,Wonogiri regency,Central Java,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2007,57:235-245.
[12]Maula S,Levet B K.Porphyry copper-gold signatures and the discovery of the BatuHijau deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[C].//In:Australian Mineral Foundation(ed.)Conference Proceedings on Porphyry Related Copper and Gold Depositsof the Asia Pacific Region;12-13 August1996,Cairns,Australia.
[13]Imai A,Ohno S.Primary ore mineral assemblage andfluid inclusion study of the Batu Hijau porphyry Cu-Audeposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2005,55:239-248.
[14]Garwin S L.The setting,geometry and timing of intrusionrelated hydrothermal systems in the vicinity of the BatuHijau porphyry copper-gold deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[D].Unpublished Ph.D.thesis,University of Western Australia,Nedlands,Western Australia,Australia,2000,320 p.
[15]Garwin S L.The Geologic Setting of Intrusion-Related Hydrothermal Systems near the BatuHijau Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[C].//In R.J.Goldfarb,&R.L.Nielsen(Eds.),Integrated Methods for Discovery:Global Exploration in the Twenty-First Century.USA:Society of Economic Geologists,2002,9:333-366.
[16]Meldrum S J,Aquino R S,Gonzales R I,Burke R J,Suyadi A,Irianto B,Clarke D S.The Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit deposit,Sumbawa Island,Indonesia[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1994,50:203-220.
[17]Idrus A,Kolb J,Meyer F M.Chemical compositionof rockforming minerals in copper-gold bearing tonalite porphyries at the BatuHijau deposit,Sumbawa Island,Indonesia:implications for crystallization conditions and fluorinechlorine fugacity[J].Resource Geology,2007,57:102-113.
[18]Idrus A,Kolb J,Meyer F M.Mineralogy,lithogeochemistry and elemental mass balance of the hydrothermal alteration associated with gold-rich BatuHijau porphyrycopper deposit,Sumbawa island,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2009,59:215-230.
[19]Imai A,Nagai Y.Fluid inclusion study and opaquemineral assemblage at the deep and shallow part of the BatuHijau porphyry copper-gold deposit,Sumbawa,Indonesia[J].Resource Geology,2009,59:231-243.
[20]Bodar R J.Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl soutions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57(3):683-684.
[21]陈衍景,倪培,范宏瑞,Pirajno F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J].岩石学报,2007,23(9):2085-2108.
[22]Wilkinson J J,Stoffell B,Wilkinson C C.Anomalously metal-rich fluids from hydrothermal ore deposit[J].Science,2009,323(5915):764-767.
[23]卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-487.