体外产气法研究葵花籽壳、打瓜籽壳、花生壳与苜蓿不同配比饲粮的组合效应
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摘要
本试验旨在通过研究葵花籽壳、打瓜籽壳、花生壳与苜蓿不同配比饲粮的组合效应,确定饲粮中葵花籽壳、打瓜籽壳、花生壳与苜蓿的适宜配比。采用体外产气法,测定在精粗比为40∶60,精料补充料∶某干果壳(葵花籽壳、打瓜籽壳或花生壳)∶苜蓿干草为40∶50∶10、40∶40∶20、40∶30∶30、40∶20∶40、40∶10∶50时15种组合饲粮及5种单独原料(精料补充料、葵花籽壳、打瓜籽壳、花生壳、苜蓿干草)分别培养2、4、6、9、12、24、36、48、72、96 h的产气量,并通过24 h产气量(GP24 h)和各组合的加权估算值计算出各组合饲粮的组合效应。结果表明:10%葵花籽壳组GP24 h显著高于40%、50%葵花籽壳组(P<0.05)。10%葵花籽壳组组合效应极显著高于50%、40%葵花籽壳组(P<0.01),显著高于30%葵花籽壳组(P<0.05),10%和20%葵花籽壳组差异不显著(P>0.05)。20%打瓜籽壳组组合效应显著高于50%打瓜籽壳组(P<0.05)。40%花生壳组GP24 h和组合效应均显著高于50%花生壳组(P<0.05)。30%、20%、10%花生壳组组合效应均有高于50%花生壳组的趋势(P=0.056、P=0.084、P=0.072)。由此得出,精粗比为40∶60条件下,葵花籽壳∶苜蓿以10∶50和20∶40、打瓜籽壳∶苜蓿以20∶40、花生壳∶苜蓿以40∶20配比时饲粮具有较优的组合效应。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the associative effects of diets with different ratios of sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell or peanut shell to alfalfa,and to determine the suitable ratios of sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell or peanut shell to alfalfa in diets. Fifty combined diets were prepared with the forage-to-concentrate ratio( C ∶ R) was 40 ∶ 60 and the concentrate supplement ∶ dry fruit shell( sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell or peanut shell) ∶ alfalfa were 40∶50∶10,40∶40∶20,40∶30∶30,40 ∶20 ∶40 and 40∶10 ∶50,respectively. Gas production( GP) of 15 combined diets and 5 individual feed( sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell,peanut shell,concentrate supplement and alfalfa) fermented at 0,2,4,6,9,12,24,36,48,72 and 96 h was measured by gas production method in vitro,respectively. The associative effects of combined diets were calculated by taking the GP24 hand the weighted estimated value from each combination. The results showed as follows: the GP24 hof the group of 10% sunflower seed shell was significantly higher than that of the groups of 40% and 50% sunflower seed shell( P<0.05). The associative effect of the group of 10% sunflower seed shell was significantly higher than that of the groups of 50%( P<0.01),40%( P<0.01) and 30% sunflower seed shell( P<0.05),and the associative effect of groups of 10% and 20% sunflower seed shell was not significant difference( P>0.05). The associative effect of the group of 20% watermelon seed shell was significantly higher than that of the group of 50% watermelon seed shell( P < 0.05). The GP24 hand associative effect of the group of 40% peanut shell were significantly higher than those of the group of 50% peanut shell( P<0.05). The associative effect of the groups of 30%,20% and 10% peanut shell were inclined to be higher than those of the group of 50% peanut shell( P = 0.056,P = 0.084 and P = 0.072). It is concluded that the associative effects of diets are better when sunflower seed shell ∶ alfalfa = 10 ∶ 50 or 20 ∶40,watermelon seed shell ∶ alfalfa = 20 ∶ 40 and peanut shell ∶ alfalfa = 40∶20 under the condition of C ∶ R is 40∶60.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the associative effects of diets with different ratios of sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell or peanut shell to alfalfa,and to determine the suitable ratios of sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell or peanut shell to alfalfa in diets. Fifty combined diets were prepared with the forage-to-concentrate ratio( C ∶ R) was 40 ∶ 60 and the concentrate supplement ∶ dry fruit shell( sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell or peanut shell) ∶ alfalfa were 40∶50∶10,40∶40∶20,40∶30∶30,40 ∶20 ∶40 and 40∶10 ∶50,respectively. Gas production( GP) of 15 combined diets and 5 individual feed( sunflower seed shell,watermelon seed shell,peanut shell,concentrate supplement and alfalfa) fermented at 0,2,4,6,9,12,24,36,48,72 and 96 h was measured by gas production method in vitro,respectively. The associative effects of combined diets were calculated by taking the GP24 hand the weighted estimated value from each combination. The results showed as follows: the GP24 hof the group of 10% sunflower seed shell was significantly higher than that of the groups of 40% and 50% sunflower seed shell( P<0.05). The associative effect of the group of 10% sunflower seed shell was significantly higher than that of the groups of 50%( P<0.01),40%( P<0.01) and 30% sunflower seed shell( P<0.05),and the associative effect of groups of 10% and 20% sunflower seed shell was not significant difference( P>0.05). The associative effect of the group of 20% watermelon seed shell was significantly higher than that of the group of 50% watermelon seed shell( P < 0.05). The GP24 hand associative effect of the group of 40% peanut shell were significantly higher than those of the group of 50% peanut shell( P<0.05). The associative effect of the groups of 30%,20% and 10% peanut shell were inclined to be higher than those of the group of 50% peanut shell( P = 0.056,P = 0.084 and P = 0.072). It is concluded that the associative effects of diets are better when sunflower seed shell ∶ alfalfa = 10 ∶ 50 or 20 ∶40,watermelon seed shell ∶ alfalfa = 20 ∶ 40 and peanut shell ∶ alfalfa = 40∶20 under the condition of C ∶ R is 40∶60.
引文
[1]陈伟健,王翀,段智勇,等.反刍动物饲料组合效应的衡量指标及评估方法综述[J].中国牛业科学,2011,37(2):61-65.
[2]卢德勋.饲料的组合效应[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:289-294.
[3]MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.
[4]刘宜鹤.国外利用葵花籽壳作饲料[J].饲料研究,1987(2):25-26.
[5]沈达,周晓燕,韩书广.花生壳综合利用研究进展[J].木材加工机械,2017,28(1):43-46.
[6]MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research and Development,1988,28:7-55.
[7]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists[S].15th ed.Arlington,VA:Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990,
[8]RSKOV E R,MCDONALDΙ.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[9]张勇,夏天婵,常誉,等.体外产气法评价油菜秆与玉米、豆粕的组合效应[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):185-191.
[10]袁玖,王军军,俞海山,等.几种农作物秸秆与苜蓿的不同配比对体外日粮组合效应的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(2):400-408.
[11]王典,李发弟,张养东,等.马铃薯淀粉渣-玉米秸秆混合青贮料对肉羊生产性能、瘤胃内环境和血液生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):47-54.
[12]孟梅娟,涂远璐,白云峰,等.小麦秸秆与米糠粕瘤胃体外发酵组合效应研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(9):161-172.
[13]袁玖,万欣杰,李发弟.体外产气法评价小麦秸与苜蓿配比饲粮的组合效应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(5):26-31.
[14]SAMPATH K T,WOOD C D,PRASAD C S.Effect of urea and by-products on the in-vitro fermentation of untreated and urea treated finger millet(Eleusine coracana)straw[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1995,67(3):323-328.
[15]刘绘汇,袁玖,平丽莹,等.谷草与苜蓿的不同配比对绵羊日粮组合效应的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3530-3535.
[16]于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.
[17]袁玖,万欣杰,平丽莹,等.不同精粗比和苜蓿水平对饲粮组合效应的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(2):449-458.
[18]孙国强,吕永艳,张杰杰.利用体外瘤胃发酵法研究全株玉米青贮与花生蔓和羊草间的组合效应[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):224-231.
[19]王法明.基于GI与CBI理论的反刍动物饲料组合效应的研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2014.
[20]高静,贾玉山,王晓光,等.饲草组合效应综合指数研究[J].草业学报,2012,21(4):236-243.
[21]崔占鸿,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.体外产气法评价青海高原燕麦青干草与天然牧草组合效应[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):250-257.
[22]袁玖,万欣杰.茴香、向日葵、棉花副产品配比苜蓿对饲粮组合效应研究[J].草业学报,2018,27(2):163-172.
[23]韩肖敏,曹玉凤,李秋凤,等.用体外产气法评价玉米秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆青贮与精料的组合效应[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):699-711.
[2]卢德勋.饲料的组合效应[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:289-294.
[3]MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.
[4]刘宜鹤.国外利用葵花籽壳作饲料[J].饲料研究,1987(2):25-26.
[5]沈达,周晓燕,韩书广.花生壳综合利用研究进展[J].木材加工机械,2017,28(1):43-46.
[6]MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research and Development,1988,28:7-55.
[7]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists[S].15th ed.Arlington,VA:Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990,
[8]RSKOV E R,MCDONALDΙ.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[9]张勇,夏天婵,常誉,等.体外产气法评价油菜秆与玉米、豆粕的组合效应[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):185-191.
[10]袁玖,王军军,俞海山,等.几种农作物秸秆与苜蓿的不同配比对体外日粮组合效应的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(2):400-408.
[11]王典,李发弟,张养东,等.马铃薯淀粉渣-玉米秸秆混合青贮料对肉羊生产性能、瘤胃内环境和血液生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):47-54.
[12]孟梅娟,涂远璐,白云峰,等.小麦秸秆与米糠粕瘤胃体外发酵组合效应研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(9):161-172.
[13]袁玖,万欣杰,李发弟.体外产气法评价小麦秸与苜蓿配比饲粮的组合效应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(5):26-31.
[14]SAMPATH K T,WOOD C D,PRASAD C S.Effect of urea and by-products on the in-vitro fermentation of untreated and urea treated finger millet(Eleusine coracana)straw[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1995,67(3):323-328.
[15]刘绘汇,袁玖,平丽莹,等.谷草与苜蓿的不同配比对绵羊日粮组合效应的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3530-3535.
[16]于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.
[17]袁玖,万欣杰,平丽莹,等.不同精粗比和苜蓿水平对饲粮组合效应的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(2):449-458.
[18]孙国强,吕永艳,张杰杰.利用体外瘤胃发酵法研究全株玉米青贮与花生蔓和羊草间的组合效应[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):224-231.
[19]王法明.基于GI与CBI理论的反刍动物饲料组合效应的研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2014.
[20]高静,贾玉山,王晓光,等.饲草组合效应综合指数研究[J].草业学报,2012,21(4):236-243.
[21]崔占鸿,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.体外产气法评价青海高原燕麦青干草与天然牧草组合效应[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):250-257.
[22]袁玖,万欣杰.茴香、向日葵、棉花副产品配比苜蓿对饲粮组合效应研究[J].草业学报,2018,27(2):163-172.
[23]韩肖敏,曹玉凤,李秋凤,等.用体外产气法评价玉米秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆青贮与精料的组合效应[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):699-711.