纤维/金属层状复合材料的研究及应用进展
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摘要
玻璃纤维增强铝合金复合材料(GLARE层板),是由铝合金薄板(金属层厚度为0.3～0.5mm)与玻璃纤维/树脂预浸料(纤维层厚度为0.2～0.3 mm)多层交替铺放,在120～175℃范围内热压罐成形制造的先进航空材料。GLARE层板由金属与纤维层构成并将其各自的优点结合起来,因而具有极高的疲劳强度(较2024铝增加3倍以上)和损伤容限(较2024铝增加1～2倍),以及较大的减重潜力(较2024铝减重15%～30%),在新一代航空、航天等高技术领域的广阔应用前景,成为了大型航空制造业的关注热点。首先阐述了GLARE层板的研究历史,然后从GLARE层板的制造加工、拉伸性能、冲击性能、抗疲劳性能、环境耐受性能及回收利用6个方面,详细论述了GLARE层板的研究进展及应用。最后,总结了GLARE层板技术,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。
Fiber metal laminated composites(GLARE), as a new aero structure material, is bonded arrangement of thin aluminum sheets and fiber reinforced epoxy layers, that are located between two aluminum layers, in the autoclave under 120 ℃to 175 ℃. The thick of the aluminum layers is commonly in a range between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. In addition, the fiber reinforced epoxy layers are 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm. GLARE, combined the advantages of metals and fiber layers shows improved fatigue, damage tolerance with respect to aluminum 2024, together with a considerable weight reduction, which becomes a major concern of the aviation industry. A large research programs have proven the technological readiness of GlARE and have seen its application today in aviation and aerospace. This paper was gave an overview of the history of GLARE firstly. Then, it was paid special attention to urgent research topics and application from the following areas, the manufacturing processes, tensile properties, impact resistance, fatigue resistance, and environment durability of GLARE. Finally, it was summarized the GLARE technology and pointed out the research trend in the future.
Fiber metal laminated composites(GLARE), as a new aero structure material, is bonded arrangement of thin aluminum sheets and fiber reinforced epoxy layers, that are located between two aluminum layers, in the autoclave under 120 ℃to 175 ℃. The thick of the aluminum layers is commonly in a range between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. In addition, the fiber reinforced epoxy layers are 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm. GLARE, combined the advantages of metals and fiber layers shows improved fatigue, damage tolerance with respect to aluminum 2024, together with a considerable weight reduction, which becomes a major concern of the aviation industry. A large research programs have proven the technological readiness of GlARE and have seen its application today in aviation and aerospace. This paper was gave an overview of the history of GLARE firstly. Then, it was paid special attention to urgent research topics and application from the following areas, the manufacturing processes, tensile properties, impact resistance, fatigue resistance, and environment durability of GLARE. Finally, it was summarized the GLARE technology and pointed out the research trend in the future.
引文
[1]DONNELLAN M.E,COOK J,SKOWRONEK C.Evaluation of Arall-4:An Aramid Fiber Reinforced Aluminum[R].PA,USA:Report NADC-89100-60,Naval Air Development Center,Warminister,1989.
[2]RITCHIE R O,YU W,BUCCI R J.Fatigue Crack Propagation in ARALL Laminates:Measurement of the Effect of Crack-Tip Shielding from Crack Bridging[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1989,32(3):361-377.
[3]VLOT A.GUNNINK J W.Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction[M].The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.
[4]GUNNINK J W,VLOT A,VRIES T.Glare Technology Development 1997-2000[J].Applied Composite Materials,2002(9):201-219.
[5]BEUMLER T,BORGONJE B,SINKE J.A Contribution of Environmental Investigations for GLARE Riveted Joint Sizing[C]//25th ICAF Symposium,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,2009:27-29.
[6]BORGONJE B,YPMA M S.Long Term Behavior of GLARE[J].Applied Composite Materials,2003,10(4):243-255.
[7]蒋陵平.GLARE层板疲劳性能研究综述[J].材料导报,2012,26(5):113-118.JIANG Ling-ping.Research of Glare Laminate Fatigue Performance Comprehensive Evaluation[J].Materials Review,2012,26(5):113-118.
[8]熊晓枫,张庆茂.国内外关于GLARE的研究和应用[J].航空制造技术,2013,56(23/24):141-143.XIONG Xiao-feng,ZHANG Qing-mao.Study and Application of Glare at Home and Abroad[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2013,2013,56(23/24):141-143.
[9]陈琪,关志东,黎增山.GLARE层板性能研究进展[J].科技导报,2013,31(7):50-56.CHEN Qi,GUAN Zhi-dong,LI Zeng-shan.Review of GLARE Technology[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(7):50-56.
[10]梁中全,薛元德,陈绍杰,等.GLARE层板的力学性能及其在A380客机上的应用[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2005(4):49-50.LIANG Zhong-quan,XUE Yuan-de,CHEN Shao-jie,et al.The Mechanics Performance of GLARE Laminates and Its Application in A380 Airliner[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2005(4):49-50.
[11]RICCARDO R.The Residual Strength Failure Sequence in Fiber Metal Laminates[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2012.
[12]马立敏,张嘉振,岳广全,等.复合材料在新一代大型民用飞机中的应用[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(2):317-322.MA Li-min,ZHANG Jia-zhen,YUE Guang-quan,et al.Application of Composites in New Generation of Large Civil Aircraft[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(2):317-322.
[13]刘丹梅.玻璃纤维-铝合金复合层板静态力学行为及疲劳过程研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1994.LIU Dan-mei.1994 Tension and Fatigue Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminates[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,1994.
[14]蔺晓红.纤维金属层合板的抗冲击性能研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.LIN Xiao-hong.Investigation on Impact Performance of Fiber Metal Laminates[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2012.
[15]VRIES T J.Blunt and Sharp Notch Behaviour of Glare Laminates[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2001.
[16]VOLT A.Impact Loading on Fiber Metal Laminates[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1996,18(3):291-307.
[17]VOLT A,KRULL M.Impact Damage Resistance of Various Fiber Metal Laminates[J].Journal de Physique IV,1997,7:1045-1050.
[18]HAGENBEEK M.Characterization of Fiber Metal Laminates under Thermo Mechanical Loadings[D].Enscheda:The Netherlands by Print Partners Ipskamp,2005.
[19]LALIBERTE J F,POON C,STRAZNICKY P V,et al.Post-impact Fatigue Damage Growth in Fiber-metal Laminates[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2002,24(2):249-256.
[20]CHRISTIAN E.Randell Subsurface Fatigue Crack Growth in Glare Fiber Metal Laminates[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2005.
[21]SHARIFULLAH K.Fatigue Crack and Delamination Growth in Fiber Metal Laminates under Variable Amplitude Loading[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2012.
[22]SEN,ALDERIESTEN R C,BENEDICTUS R.Lay-up Optimisation of Fiber Metal Laminates Based on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Residual Strength[J].Composite Structure,2015,124:77-87.
[23]郭亚军,吴学仁.纤维金属层板分层扩展的优化分析[J].航空材料学报,1999,19(2):8-12.GUO Ya-jun,WU Xue-ren.Phenomenological Model for Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth in Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,1999,19(2):8-12.
[24]ALDERLIESTEN R C,HOMAN J J.Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Issues of Glare in Aircraft Structures[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2006,28:1116-1123.
[25]KHAN S U,ALDERLIESTEN R C,BENEDICTUS R.Delamination growth in Fibre Metal Laminates under variable amplitude loading,Composites Science and Technology,2009(69):2604-2615.
[26]DA SILVA D A,BOTELHO E C,REZENDE M C.Hygrothermal Aging Effect on Fatigue Behavior of GLARE[J].Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites,2009,28(20):2487-2499.
[27]PICKERING S J.Recycling Technologies for Thermoset Composite Materials-Current Status[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(8):1206-1215.
[28]ALLRED R E,GOSAU J M,SHOEMAKER J M.Recycling Process for Carbon/Epoxy Composites[C]//46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition LONGBEACH,CA 2001:1912-1916.
[29]ZHU G L.Recycling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Laminates and Silicon Removal from Aerospace Al Alloy[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2012.
[2]RITCHIE R O,YU W,BUCCI R J.Fatigue Crack Propagation in ARALL Laminates:Measurement of the Effect of Crack-Tip Shielding from Crack Bridging[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1989,32(3):361-377.
[3]VLOT A.GUNNINK J W.Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction[M].The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.
[4]GUNNINK J W,VLOT A,VRIES T.Glare Technology Development 1997-2000[J].Applied Composite Materials,2002(9):201-219.
[5]BEUMLER T,BORGONJE B,SINKE J.A Contribution of Environmental Investigations for GLARE Riveted Joint Sizing[C]//25th ICAF Symposium,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,2009:27-29.
[6]BORGONJE B,YPMA M S.Long Term Behavior of GLARE[J].Applied Composite Materials,2003,10(4):243-255.
[7]蒋陵平.GLARE层板疲劳性能研究综述[J].材料导报,2012,26(5):113-118.JIANG Ling-ping.Research of Glare Laminate Fatigue Performance Comprehensive Evaluation[J].Materials Review,2012,26(5):113-118.
[8]熊晓枫,张庆茂.国内外关于GLARE的研究和应用[J].航空制造技术,2013,56(23/24):141-143.XIONG Xiao-feng,ZHANG Qing-mao.Study and Application of Glare at Home and Abroad[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2013,2013,56(23/24):141-143.
[9]陈琪,关志东,黎增山.GLARE层板性能研究进展[J].科技导报,2013,31(7):50-56.CHEN Qi,GUAN Zhi-dong,LI Zeng-shan.Review of GLARE Technology[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(7):50-56.
[10]梁中全,薛元德,陈绍杰,等.GLARE层板的力学性能及其在A380客机上的应用[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2005(4):49-50.LIANG Zhong-quan,XUE Yuan-de,CHEN Shao-jie,et al.The Mechanics Performance of GLARE Laminates and Its Application in A380 Airliner[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2005(4):49-50.
[11]RICCARDO R.The Residual Strength Failure Sequence in Fiber Metal Laminates[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2012.
[12]马立敏,张嘉振,岳广全,等.复合材料在新一代大型民用飞机中的应用[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(2):317-322.MA Li-min,ZHANG Jia-zhen,YUE Guang-quan,et al.Application of Composites in New Generation of Large Civil Aircraft[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(2):317-322.
[13]刘丹梅.玻璃纤维-铝合金复合层板静态力学行为及疲劳过程研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1994.LIU Dan-mei.1994 Tension and Fatigue Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminates[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,1994.
[14]蔺晓红.纤维金属层合板的抗冲击性能研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.LIN Xiao-hong.Investigation on Impact Performance of Fiber Metal Laminates[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2012.
[15]VRIES T J.Blunt and Sharp Notch Behaviour of Glare Laminates[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2001.
[16]VOLT A.Impact Loading on Fiber Metal Laminates[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1996,18(3):291-307.
[17]VOLT A,KRULL M.Impact Damage Resistance of Various Fiber Metal Laminates[J].Journal de Physique IV,1997,7:1045-1050.
[18]HAGENBEEK M.Characterization of Fiber Metal Laminates under Thermo Mechanical Loadings[D].Enscheda:The Netherlands by Print Partners Ipskamp,2005.
[19]LALIBERTE J F,POON C,STRAZNICKY P V,et al.Post-impact Fatigue Damage Growth in Fiber-metal Laminates[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2002,24(2):249-256.
[20]CHRISTIAN E.Randell Subsurface Fatigue Crack Growth in Glare Fiber Metal Laminates[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2005.
[21]SHARIFULLAH K.Fatigue Crack and Delamination Growth in Fiber Metal Laminates under Variable Amplitude Loading[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2012.
[22]SEN,ALDERIESTEN R C,BENEDICTUS R.Lay-up Optimisation of Fiber Metal Laminates Based on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Residual Strength[J].Composite Structure,2015,124:77-87.
[23]郭亚军,吴学仁.纤维金属层板分层扩展的优化分析[J].航空材料学报,1999,19(2):8-12.GUO Ya-jun,WU Xue-ren.Phenomenological Model for Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth in Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,1999,19(2):8-12.
[24]ALDERLIESTEN R C,HOMAN J J.Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Issues of Glare in Aircraft Structures[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2006,28:1116-1123.
[25]KHAN S U,ALDERLIESTEN R C,BENEDICTUS R.Delamination growth in Fibre Metal Laminates under variable amplitude loading,Composites Science and Technology,2009(69):2604-2615.
[26]DA SILVA D A,BOTELHO E C,REZENDE M C.Hygrothermal Aging Effect on Fatigue Behavior of GLARE[J].Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites,2009,28(20):2487-2499.
[27]PICKERING S J.Recycling Technologies for Thermoset Composite Materials-Current Status[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(8):1206-1215.
[28]ALLRED R E,GOSAU J M,SHOEMAKER J M.Recycling Process for Carbon/Epoxy Composites[C]//46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition LONGBEACH,CA 2001:1912-1916.
[29]ZHU G L.Recycling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Laminates and Silicon Removal from Aerospace Al Alloy[D].The Netherlands:Technische Universiteit Delft,2012.