基于波数有限元-边界元法的无砟轨道声辐射特性分析
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摘要
为研究无砟轨道声辐射特性,建立了CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道的波数有限元振动模型。在钢轨顶部施加单位谐荷载,以求出的钢轨及轨道板的振动速度响应为边界条件,再采用声学波数边界元法计算出钢轨、轨道板及轨道整体结构的声辐射特性。分析结果表明:钢轨、轨道板及轨道整体结构的声功率级在一阶峰值频率前随频率增大而近似线性增加,在一阶峰值频率后,声功率级波动较大且出现多个峰值。在轨道整体结构一阶峰值频率前轨道板的声辐射贡献量占主导,而在该峰值频率后钢轨声辐射的贡献量逐渐占主导作用。扣件刚度主要影响一阶峰值频率前轨道整体辐射声功率,随着扣件刚度的增加,轨道整体结构声功率级幅值明显降低。CA砂浆层弹性模量的变化对轨道板辐射声功率级影响较大,但对轨道整体结构辐射声功率级的影响较小。
In order to study the acoustic radiation characteristics of ballastless track, a wavenumber finite element vibration model of the CRTS I slab ballastless track was established. Based on the application of a unit harmonic load on the rail top, the vibration velocities of the rail and slab were gained and then taken as the boundary conditions. Then the acoustic radiation characteristics of the rail, slab and integral track were calculated by using the wavenumber boundary element method. The results indicate that the sound power level of rail, slab and integral track in the frequency range below the first order peak frequency increases linearly with the increase of frequency. It has multiple peaks after the first order peak frequency. Before the first order peak frequency of integral track, the contribution of acoustic radiation of slab is dominant, but after this peak frequency, the contribution of the acoustic radiation of rail is gradually dominant. The stiffness of fastener has a great effect on the acoustic radiation power of integral track before the first order peak frequency. The sound power level of the integral track is obviously reduced with the increase of the stiffness of fastener. The change of elastic modulus of CA mortar layer has a great influence on the radiation sound power level of the slab, but has little impact on the radiation sound power level of the integral track.
In order to study the acoustic radiation characteristics of ballastless track, a wavenumber finite element vibration model of the CRTS I slab ballastless track was established. Based on the application of a unit harmonic load on the rail top, the vibration velocities of the rail and slab were gained and then taken as the boundary conditions. Then the acoustic radiation characteristics of the rail, slab and integral track were calculated by using the wavenumber boundary element method. The results indicate that the sound power level of rail, slab and integral track in the frequency range below the first order peak frequency increases linearly with the increase of frequency. It has multiple peaks after the first order peak frequency. Before the first order peak frequency of integral track, the contribution of acoustic radiation of slab is dominant, but after this peak frequency, the contribution of the acoustic radiation of rail is gradually dominant. The stiffness of fastener has a great effect on the acoustic radiation power of integral track before the first order peak frequency. The sound power level of the integral track is obviously reduced with the increase of the stiffness of fastener. The change of elastic modulus of CA mortar layer has a great influence on the radiation sound power level of the slab, but has little impact on the radiation sound power level of the integral track.
引文
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[10] RYUE J, THOMPSON D J, WHITE P R, et al. Wave Reflection and Transmission due to Defects in Infinite Structural Waveguides at High Frequencies[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2011, 330(8):1737-1753.
[11] NILSSON C M, JONES C J C, THOMPSON D J, et al. A Waveguide Finite Element and Boundary Element Approach to Calculating the Sound Radiated by Railway and Tram Rails [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2009, 321 (3/4/5):813-836.
[12] PRASETIYO I. Investigation of Sound Transmission in Lightweight Structures Using a Wave Guide Finite Element/boundary Element Approach[D]. Southampton:University of Southampton, 2012.
[13] NILSSON C M,JONES C J C.Theory Manual for WANDS2.1 Wave-number-domain FE-BE Software for Structures and Fluids [R].Southampton:University of Southampton,2007.
[14] ZHANG X, SQUICCIARINI G, THOMPSON D J. Influence of Ground Impedance on the Sound Radiation of a Railway Sleeper[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014, 137(4):2234-2234.
[15] 冯青松, 雷晓燕. 基于2.5维有限元-边界元分析轨道随机不平顺影响下的铁路地基振动[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(23):13-19.FENG Qingsong, LEI Xiaoyan. Railway Ground Vibration with Track Random Irregularities Base on 2.5D Finite Element Boundary Element Method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013, 32(23):13-19.
[16] 中华人民共和国铁道部. TB 10621—2009 高速铁路设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009.
[2] 方锐, 肖新标, 房建英,等. 轨道结构参数对其声辐射特性影响[J]. 铁道学报, 2011, 33(5):78-84.FANG Ruil,XIAO Xinbiao,FANG Jianying,et al. Influence of Track Structure Parameters on Acoustic Radiation[J]. Journal of the Railway Society, 2011, 33(5):78-84.
[3] 刘林芽, 吕锐, 许群峰,等. 基于有限元-边界元无砟轨道声辐射特性分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2013, 10(1):1-5.LIU Linya, Lü Rui, XU Qunfeng,et al. Analysis of Acoustic Radiation Characteristics for Unballasted Track Based on Finite Element-boundary Element Method[J]. Journal of Railway Sciences and Engineering, 2013, 10(1):1-5.
[4] 刘林芽, 吕锐, 刘海龙. 无砟轨道垂向高频振动响应分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2011, 8(6):1-6.LIU Linya, Lü Rui,LIU Hailong. Vertical high Frequency Vibration Response Analysis of Ballastless Track[J]. Journal of Railway Sciences and Engineering, 2011, 8(6):1-6.
[5] 杨新文, 翟婉明, 和振兴. 轨道板声辐射特性[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2009, 30(1):24-28.YANG Xinwen, ZHAI Wanming, HE Zhenxing. Acoustic Radiation Properties of Railway Slab[J]. China Railway Science, 2009, 30(1):24-28.
[6] 魏伟, 聂春戈. 钢轨声辐射特性的数值计算方法[J]. 铁道学报, 2006, 28(5):78-82.WEI Wei, NIE Chunge. The Prediction of Acoustics Radiation Characteristics of Rails by Boundary Element Method[J]. Journal of the Railway Society, 2006, 28(5):78-82.
[7] 万淑敏, 吴天行. 铁路钢轨垂向振动的声辐射分析[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2009, 29(3):86-89.WAN Shumin, WU Tianxing. Analysis of Rail Acoustic Radiation due to Vertical Vibration[J]. Journal of Noise and Vibration Control, 2009, 29(3):86-89.
[8] THOMPSON D J, JONES C J, TURNER N. Investigation into the Validity of Two-dimensional Models for Sound Radiation from Waves in Rails[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2003, 113(1):1965-1974.
[9] THOMPSON D J. Predictions of Acoustic Radiation from Vibrating Wheels and Rails[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1988, 120(2):275-280.
[10] RYUE J, THOMPSON D J, WHITE P R, et al. Wave Reflection and Transmission due to Defects in Infinite Structural Waveguides at High Frequencies[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2011, 330(8):1737-1753.
[11] NILSSON C M, JONES C J C, THOMPSON D J, et al. A Waveguide Finite Element and Boundary Element Approach to Calculating the Sound Radiated by Railway and Tram Rails [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2009, 321 (3/4/5):813-836.
[12] PRASETIYO I. Investigation of Sound Transmission in Lightweight Structures Using a Wave Guide Finite Element/boundary Element Approach[D]. Southampton:University of Southampton, 2012.
[13] NILSSON C M,JONES C J C.Theory Manual for WANDS2.1 Wave-number-domain FE-BE Software for Structures and Fluids [R].Southampton:University of Southampton,2007.
[14] ZHANG X, SQUICCIARINI G, THOMPSON D J. Influence of Ground Impedance on the Sound Radiation of a Railway Sleeper[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014, 137(4):2234-2234.
[15] 冯青松, 雷晓燕. 基于2.5维有限元-边界元分析轨道随机不平顺影响下的铁路地基振动[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(23):13-19.FENG Qingsong, LEI Xiaoyan. Railway Ground Vibration with Track Random Irregularities Base on 2.5D Finite Element Boundary Element Method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013, 32(23):13-19.
[16] 中华人民共和国铁道部. TB 10621—2009 高速铁路设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009.