水分散法制备3D打印用聚丙烯粉末的性能
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摘要
采用一种新颖的方法——水分散法制备选择性激光烧结(SLS)用聚丙烯(PP)粉末,采用分样筛、粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、表观密度分析仪、力学性能测试及差示扫描量热(DSC)仪对该PP粉末进行了一系列表征并同溶剂沉淀法制备的PP粉末性能进行了比较。结果表明,两种方法制备的PP粉末粒径均集中在74~150μm,可以用于SLS工艺;水分散法PP粉末与溶剂沉淀法PP粉末粒径分布范围分别为20~158μm和25~105μm,水分散法PP粉末粒径分布更为分散,平均粒径相对较大;与溶剂沉淀法PP粉末相比,水分散法PP粉末微粒表面更光滑、致密度更高;水分散法PP粉末与溶剂沉淀法PP粉末表观密度分别为0.523,0.322 g/cm~3;水分散法PP粉末注塑试样的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量较PP原料注塑试样有所降低、但缺口冲击强度提升1倍,溶剂沉淀法PP粉末注塑试样的力学性能与PP原料相近;DSC测试表明,水分散法PP粉末与溶剂沉淀法PP粉末的SLS加工温度范围分别为126.1~159.25℃和128.64~156.74℃,水分散法PP粉末有更宽的SLS加工温度范围。
A novel method–water dispersion method was used to prepare polypropylene(PP) powder for selective laser sintering(SLS). A series of characterizations of the PP powder were performed by using sample sieve,particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope,apparent density analyzer,mechanical properties test,DSC,and compared with those of PP powder prepared by solvent precipitation method. The results show that,the particle sizes of PP powders prepared by the two methods are all concentrated in the range of 74–150 μm and can be used for SLS. The particle sizes distribution range of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method and solvent precipitation method is 20–158 μm and 25–105 μm respectively,which indicates that the particle size of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method are more dispersed and the average particle size is higher. Compared with PP powder prepared by solvent precipitation method,the surface of PP powder particles prepared by water dispersion method are smoother and the density is higher. The apparent density of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method and solvent precipitation method are 0.523,0.322 g/cm~3 respectively. The injection molded sample of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method has a lower tensile strength,flexural strength and flexural modulus than those of PP raw material,but the notched impact strength is doubled,the sample of PP powder prepared by solvent precipitation has the same mechanical properties as sample of PP raw material. The results of DSC test show that the sintering temperature range of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method and solvent precipitation method are 126.1–159.25℃ and 128.64–156.74℃ respectively,which indicates PP powder prepared by water dispersion method has a wider sintering temperature range.
A novel method–water dispersion method was used to prepare polypropylene(PP) powder for selective laser sintering(SLS). A series of characterizations of the PP powder were performed by using sample sieve,particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope,apparent density analyzer,mechanical properties test,DSC,and compared with those of PP powder prepared by solvent precipitation method. The results show that,the particle sizes of PP powders prepared by the two methods are all concentrated in the range of 74–150 μm and can be used for SLS. The particle sizes distribution range of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method and solvent precipitation method is 20–158 μm and 25–105 μm respectively,which indicates that the particle size of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method are more dispersed and the average particle size is higher. Compared with PP powder prepared by solvent precipitation method,the surface of PP powder particles prepared by water dispersion method are smoother and the density is higher. The apparent density of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method and solvent precipitation method are 0.523,0.322 g/cm~3 respectively. The injection molded sample of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method has a lower tensile strength,flexural strength and flexural modulus than those of PP raw material,but the notched impact strength is doubled,the sample of PP powder prepared by solvent precipitation has the same mechanical properties as sample of PP raw material. The results of DSC test show that the sintering temperature range of PP powder prepared by water dispersion method and solvent precipitation method are 126.1–159.25℃ and 128.64–156.74℃ respectively,which indicates PP powder prepared by water dispersion method has a wider sintering temperature range.
引文
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[10]张永攀.SLS用Tg可控的PS球形颗粒的制备研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2015.Zhang Yongpan.A study on the preparation of polystyrene microspheres with controllable glass transition temperature for selective laser sintering[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2015.
[11]齐迪.用于选择性激光烧结高分子材料的制备与成型研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2016.Qi Di.Research on the preperation of selective laser sintering polymer materials and its forming process[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science&Technology,2016.
[12]马云鹏.选择性激光烧结用聚丙烯粉末的制备研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2016.Ma Yunpeng.Study on preparation and application in selective laser sintering of polypropylene powders[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2016.
[13]Schmidt J,Sachs M,Blümel C,et al.A novel process route for the production of spherical LBM polymer powders with small size and good flowability[J].Powder Technology,2014,261:78-86.
[14]汪艳.一种用于选择性激光烧结的聚丙烯粉末材料及其制备方法:CN105802012A[P].2016-04-18.Wang Yan.Polypropylene powder material for selective laser sintering and its preparation method:CN105802012A[P].2016-04-18.
[2]闫春泽,史玉升,杨劲松,等.高分子材料在选择性激光烧结中的应用--(II)材料特性对成形的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2010,26(8):145-149.Yan Chunze,Shi Yusheng,Yang Jinsong,et al.Application of polymeric materials in selective laser sintering--(II)Effects of polymer characteristics on forming[J].Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2010,26(8):145-149.
[3]史玉升,闫春泽,魏青松,等.选择性激光烧结3D打印用高分子复合材料[J].中国科学:信息科学,2015,45(2):204-211.Shi Yusheng,Yan Chunze,Wei Qingsong,et al.Polymer based composites for selective laser sintering 3D printing technology[J].Scientia Sinica(Informationis),2015,45(2):204-211.
[4]杨旭生,汪艳.选择性激光烧结高分子粉末的制备方法[J].高分子通报,2017(9):21-26.Yang Xusheng,Wang Yan.Techniques of polymer powder preparation for selective laser sintering[J].Polymer Bulletin,2017(9):21-26.
[5]李正仁.热塑性粉末涂料的生产方法[J].现代涂料与涂装,2007,10(6):38-41.Li Zhengren.Manufacture of thermoplasic powder coatings[J].Modern Paint and Finishing,2007,10(6):38-41.
[6]铁生年,李星,李昀珺.超细粉体材料的制备技术及应用[J].中国粉体技术,2009,15(3):68-72.Tie Shengnian,Li Xing,Li Yunjun.Preparation technology and application of ultrafine powder materials[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2009,15(3):68-72.
[7]龚俊,贾如磊,侯运丰.常温下低密聚乙烯的湍流超细粉碎研究[J].兰州理工大学学报,2006,32(6):79-81.Gong Jun,Jia Rulei,Hou Yunfeng.Ultra-fine comminution of LDPE with turbulence milling at atmospheric temperature[J].Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology,2006,32(6):79-81.
[8]广东银禧科技股份有限公司.选择性激光烧结聚丙烯粉末材料的制备及应用方法:CN104031319A[P].2014-09-10.Guangdong Silver Age Sci&Tech Co.Ltd..Preparation and application of selective laser sintered polypropylene powder material:CN104031319A[P].2014-09-10.
[9]张建斌,张全福,徐春艳,等.溶剂法制备尼龙1212粉末工艺研究[J].工程塑料应用,2004,32(1):22-24.Zhang Jianbin,Zhang Quanfu,Xu Chunyan,et al.Technological research of nylon 1212 powder with solvent method[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2004,32(1):22-24.
[10]张永攀.SLS用Tg可控的PS球形颗粒的制备研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2015.Zhang Yongpan.A study on the preparation of polystyrene microspheres with controllable glass transition temperature for selective laser sintering[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2015.
[11]齐迪.用于选择性激光烧结高分子材料的制备与成型研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2016.Qi Di.Research on the preperation of selective laser sintering polymer materials and its forming process[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science&Technology,2016.
[12]马云鹏.选择性激光烧结用聚丙烯粉末的制备研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2016.Ma Yunpeng.Study on preparation and application in selective laser sintering of polypropylene powders[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2016.
[13]Schmidt J,Sachs M,Blümel C,et al.A novel process route for the production of spherical LBM polymer powders with small size and good flowability[J].Powder Technology,2014,261:78-86.
[14]汪艳.一种用于选择性激光烧结的聚丙烯粉末材料及其制备方法:CN105802012A[P].2016-04-18.Wang Yan.Polypropylene powder material for selective laser sintering and its preparation method:CN105802012A[P].2016-04-18.