预热温度对毛白杨压缩木材颜色及其回弹的影响
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摘要
为探究预热温度对压缩木材的色饱和度差(ΔC*)、色相差(ΔH*)、总体色差(ΔE*)、吸湿率、厚度变化和回弹率的影响,以毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)为研究对象,将其封端、浸水和放置后置于热压机上进行预热12 min,预热温度分别为90、120、150、180℃和210℃,预热完成后在相同温度下压缩5 mm。结果表明:随着预热温度的升高,ΔC*、ΔH*和ΔE*逐渐增大,温度>150℃,三者急剧增大,说明150℃是材色变化的一个关键温度点。随着预热温度的升高,压缩木材的吸湿率、厚度变化和回弹率逐渐减小,温度>150℃,三者急剧减小,说明150℃也是压缩木材尺寸稳定性变化的一个关键温度点。此外,ΔE*和回弹率呈线性负相关,ΔE*越大,其对应的回弹率越小。
In this study,effects of preheating temperatures on ΔC*,ΔH*,ΔE*,moisture absorption rate,thickness change and spring-back ratio were investigated.Poplar wood specimens after being coated with paraffin on the transverse sections,soaked in water and placed were preheated for 12 min at 90,120,150,180°C or 210°C,respectively,and then they were compressed 5 mm at the same temperature.The results showed that increasing the preheating temperature resulted in an increase in ΔC*,ΔH* and ΔE* and they increased dramatically when preheating temperature was above 150°C.This indicated that 150°C was a key temperature point for color change.Meanwhile,increases in the preheating temperature led to a gradual lowering of moisture absorption rate,thickness change and spring-back ratio and they decreased dramatically when the preheating temperature was above 150°C.It could be concluded that 150°C was also a key temperature point for the spring-back.Furthermore,there was negative liner correlation between the ΔE* and spring-back ratio.The higher the ΔE*,the lower the spring-back ratio was.
In this study,effects of preheating temperatures on ΔC*,ΔH*,ΔE*,moisture absorption rate,thickness change and spring-back ratio were investigated.Poplar wood specimens after being coated with paraffin on the transverse sections,soaked in water and placed were preheated for 12 min at 90,120,150,180°C or 210°C,respectively,and then they were compressed 5 mm at the same temperature.The results showed that increasing the preheating temperature resulted in an increase in ΔC*,ΔH* and ΔE* and they increased dramatically when preheating temperature was above 150°C.This indicated that 150°C was a key temperature point for color change.Meanwhile,increases in the preheating temperature led to a gradual lowering of moisture absorption rate,thickness change and spring-back ratio and they decreased dramatically when the preheating temperature was above 150°C.It could be concluded that 150°C was also a key temperature point for the spring-back.Furthermore,there was negative liner correlation between the ΔE* and spring-back ratio.The higher the ΔE*,the lower the spring-back ratio was.
引文
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[25]Bekhta P,Niemz P.Effect of high temperature on the change in color,dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood[J].Holzforschung,2003,57(5):539-546.
[26]Tjeerdsma B F,Militz H.Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood:FTIR analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2005,63(2):102-111.
[27]Yin Y F,Berglund L,Salmén L.Effect of steam treatment on the properties of wood cell walls[J].Biomacromolecules,2011,12(1):194-202.
[2]Kitamori A,Jung K,Mori T,et al.Mechanical properties of compressed wood in accordance with the compression ratio[J].Mokuzai Gakkaisi,2010,56(2):67-78.
[3]华毓坤.人造板工艺学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[4]杨燕,吕建雄,陈太安,等.真空高温热处理对思茅松木材化学成分和颜色的影响[J].林产工业,2016,43(4):32-36.
[5]Gao J M,Zhang B G,Chang J M.Induced discoloration of buerger maple during drying process[J].Forest Science and Practice,2004,6(2):50-55.
[6]中国医学科学院药物研究所.中草药有效成分的研究[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1972.
[7]曹光明.中药制药工程学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[8]Bourgois J,Guyonnet R.Characterization and analysis of torrefied wood[J].Wood Science and Technology,1988,22(2):143-155.
[9]Higashihara T,Morooka T,Norimoto M.Permanent fixation of transversely compressed wood by steaming and its mechanism[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2000,46(4):291-297.
[10]Ding T,Gu L B,Liu X.Influence of steam pressure on chemical changes of heat treated mongolian pine wood[J].Bioresources,2011,6(2):1880-1889.
[11]Weiland J J,Guyonnet R.Study of chemical modifications and fungi degradation of thermally modified wood using DRIFT spectroscopy[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2003,61(3):216-220.
[12]刘君良,李坚,刘一星,等.高温水蒸气处理固定大青杨木材横纹压缩变形的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):126-131.
[13]高志强,张耀明,吴忠其,等.加压热处理对表层压缩杨木变形回弹的影响[J].木材工业,2017,31(2):24-28.
[14]张梦宁,姜志宏,马中青.杨木热解过程中的有机挥发物释放[J].林产工业,2018,45(12):29-34.
[15]李坚.木材保护学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1999.
[16]Sundqvist B,Morén T.The influence of wood polymers and extractives on wood colour induced by hydrothermal treatment[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2002,60(5):375-376.
[17]Sundqvist B,Karlsson O,Westermark U.Determination of formic-acid and acetic acid concentrations formed during hydrothermal treatment of birch wood and its relation to colour,strength and hardness[J].Wood Science and Technology,2006,40(7):549-561.
[18]Kuriyama A.On the changes in the chemical composition of wood within the temperature range up to 200°C[J].Material,1967,16(169):772-776.
[19]李涛,顾炼百.185℃高温热处理对水曲柳木材力学性能的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(2):92-97.
[20]Westermark U,Samuelsson B,Lundquist K.Homolytic cleavage of theβ-ether bond in phenolicβ-O-4 structures in wood lignin and in guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether[J].Research on Chemical Intermediates,1995,21(3):343-352.
[21]高建民,张璧光,常建民.三角枫在干燥过程中变色机理的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):59-63.
[22]Windeisen E,Strobel C,Wegener G.Chemical changes during the production of thermo-treated beech wood[J].Wood Science and Technology,2007,41(6):523-536.
[23]Rousset P,PerréP,Girard P.Modification of mass transfer properties in poplar wood by a thermal treatment at high temperature[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2004,62(2):113-119.
[24]Tjeerdsma B F,Boonstra M,Pizzi A,et al.Characterisation of thermally modified wood:molecular reasons for wood performance improvement[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,1998,56(3):149-153.
[25]Bekhta P,Niemz P.Effect of high temperature on the change in color,dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood[J].Holzforschung,2003,57(5):539-546.
[26]Tjeerdsma B F,Militz H.Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood:FTIR analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2005,63(2):102-111.
[27]Yin Y F,Berglund L,Salmén L.Effect of steam treatment on the properties of wood cell walls[J].Biomacromolecules,2011,12(1):194-202.