畜禽粪便冻融作用后磷形态分布及其释放特征
|
摘要
畜禽粪便中磷(P)释放特性与其赋存的形态密切相关,冻融循环可通过改变畜禽粪便的理化性质而影响粪便中P形态的分布,进而影响其后续的释放过程.本研究通过一系列室内模拟实验,探究了冻融循环对不同含水率猪粪中P形态分布的影响,以及冻融循环后粪便中P释放特征及其影响因素.结果表明,与未经冻融猪粪相比,冻融后低含水率粪便中Ca-P、Oc-P和Res-P含量分别下降了47.38%、29.76%和55.19%,NH_4Cl-P和Al-P分别增加了36.82%和23.13%;高含水率猪粪中Ca-P、Oc-P和Res-P含量分别减少了49.59%、41.59%和76.96%,NH_4Cl-P、Al-P和Fe-P含量分别增加了37.34%、32.84%和8.96%.经冻融处理的粪便P的释放速率和累积释放量明显大于未冻融处理的粪便.伪一级动力学方程、Elovich方程、权函数方程均能较好的拟合粪便P释放动力学过程,其中Elovich方程的拟合效果最佳,表明粪便中P释放动力学过程是以扩散为主的反应过程.雨水pH值和共存阴离子会影响粪便P的释放,溶液pH越低或NO~-_3/SO■比值越小,越有利用于粪便P的释放.依据统计数据估算,我国冻融区域内畜禽粪便因冻融导致的P最大释放增量总和约为3.20万t·a~(-1),为降低其面源污染风险需要更好的粪便储存处理措施.
The freeze-thaw cycles may influence the manure P distribution via changing the animal manure′s physicochemical properties, and then affect the manure P release which is closely related to the forms of P existence in animal manure. In this study, a series of laboratory simulation experiments were performed to explore the effects of freeze-thaw on P distribution in pig manure with different moisture contents, and to investigate P release process and its influencing factors after freeze-thaw treatment. Compared to the non-freeze-thaw manure, Ca-P, Oc-P and Res-P decreased by 47.38%～49.59%, 29.76%～41.59% and 55.19%～76.96% while NH_4Cl-P and Al-P increased by 36.82%～37.34% and 23.13%～32.84% after freeze-thaw process, respectively. The release rate and accumulated amounts of manure P release after freeze-thaw were significantly higher than those in control. The kinetic models, including pseudo first order equation, Elovich model and power function equation fitted the P release data well, and the Elovich model indicated that the release of manure P mainly involved diffusion. The pH value and co-existing anions in rainfall would affect the manure P release, showing that the lower pH or ratio of NO~-_3/SO■ could accelerate the P release. It was estimated that the total amounts of maximum release increment of manure P caused by freeze-thaw process maybe 32000 t annually in China. Therefore, the better management policy is urgently needed to reduce non-point pollution by animal manure.
The freeze-thaw cycles may influence the manure P distribution via changing the animal manure′s physicochemical properties, and then affect the manure P release which is closely related to the forms of P existence in animal manure. In this study, a series of laboratory simulation experiments were performed to explore the effects of freeze-thaw on P distribution in pig manure with different moisture contents, and to investigate P release process and its influencing factors after freeze-thaw treatment. Compared to the non-freeze-thaw manure, Ca-P, Oc-P and Res-P decreased by 47.38%～49.59%, 29.76%～41.59% and 55.19%～76.96% while NH_4Cl-P and Al-P increased by 36.82%～37.34% and 23.13%～32.84% after freeze-thaw process, respectively. The release rate and accumulated amounts of manure P release after freeze-thaw were significantly higher than those in control. The kinetic models, including pseudo first order equation, Elovich model and power function equation fitted the P release data well, and the Elovich model indicated that the release of manure P mainly involved diffusion. The pH value and co-existing anions in rainfall would affect the manure P release, showing that the lower pH or ratio of NO~-_3/SO■ could accelerate the P release. It was estimated that the total amounts of maximum release increment of manure P caused by freeze-thaw process maybe 32000 t annually in China. Therefore, the better management policy is urgently needed to reduce non-point pollution by animal manure.
引文
Chouyyok W,Wiacek R J,Pattamakomsan K,et al.2010.Phosphate removal by anion binding on functionalized nanoporous sorbents[J].Environmental Science & Technology,44(8):3073-3078
Edwards L M.1991.The effect of alternate freezing and thawing on aggregate stability and aggregate size distribution of some prince-edward-island soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,42(2):193-204
Feng X,Nielsen L L,Simpson M J.2007.Responses of soil organic matter and microorganisms to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,39(8):2027-2037
高敏,李艳霞,张雪莲,等.2016.冻融过程对土壤物理化学及生物学性质的影响研究及展望[J].农业环境科学学报,35(12):2269-2274
Grogan P,Michelsen A,Ambus P,et al.2004.Freeze-thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,36(4):641-654
Hahn C,Prasuhn V,Stamm C,et al.2012.Phosphorus losses in runoff from manured grassland of different soil P status at two rainfall intensities[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,153:65-74
Hinman W C.1970.Effects of freezing and thawing on some chemical properties of 3 soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,50(2):179
Hinsinger P.2001.Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes:A review[J].Plant and Soil,237(2):173-195
晋锐.2016.中国长时间序列地表冻融状态数据集[J].遥感技术与应用,31(4):820-826
Li G,Li H,Leffelaar P A,et al.2014.Characterization of phosphorus in animal manures collected from three (dairy,swine,and broiler) farms in China[J].Plos One,9(e1026987)
李垒,孟庆义.2013.冻融作用对土壤磷素迁移转化影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,22(6):1074-1078
Liang Y,Cao X,Zhao L,et al.2014.Phosphorus release from dairy manure,the manure-derived biochar,and their amended soil:effects of phosphorus nature and soil property[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,43(4):1504-1509
林源,马骥,秦富.2012.中国畜禽粪便资源结构分布及发展展望[J].中国农学通报,28(32):1-5
Ma B,Zhou Z Y,Zhang C P,et al.2009.Inorganic phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of xerophytic shrubs in the Alxa Desert[J].Journal of Arid Environments,73(1):55-61
Mohanty S K,Saiers J E,Ryan J N.2014.Colloid-facilitated mobilization of metals by freeze-thaw cycles[J].Environmental Science & Technology,48(2):977-984
Oztas T,Fayetorbay F.2003.Effect of freezing and thawing processes on soil aggregate stability[J].Catena,52(1):1-8
Peters K,Hjorth M,Jensen L S,et al.2011.Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus distribution in particle size-fractionated separated pig and cattle slurry[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,40(1):224-232
Popovic O,Jensen L S.2012.Storage temperature affects distribution of carbon,VFA,ammonia,phosphorus,copper and zinc in raw pig slurry and its separated liquid fraction[J].Water Research,46(12):3849-3858
Qian T,Zhang X,Hu J,et al.2013.Effects of environmental conditions on the release of phosphorus from biochar[J].Chemosphere,93(9):2069-2075
Ran Y,Li X,Cheng G,et al.2012.Distribution of permafrost in China:an overview of existing permafrost maps[J].Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,23(4):322-333
Shariatmadari H,Shirvani M,Jafari A.2006.Phosphorus release kinetics and availability in calcareous soils of selected and and semiarid toposequences[J].Geoderma,132(3/4):261-272
Sharpley A,Moyer B.2000.Phosphorus forms in manure and compost and their release during simulated rainfall [J].Journal of Environmental Quality,29(6):2053
宋阳,于晓菲,邹元春,等.2016.冻融作用对土壤碳、氮、磷循环的影响[J].土壤与作物,5(2):78-90
Tomer M D,Moorman T B,Kovar J L,et al.2016.Eleven years of runoff and phosphorus losses from two fields with and without manure application,Iowa,USA[J].Agricultural Water Management,168:104-111
Wang E,Cruse R M,Chen X,et al.2012.Effects of moisture condition and freeze/thaw cycles on surface soil aggregate size distribution and stability[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,92(3SI):529-536
汪家权,沈燕华,马玉萍.2010.巢湖流域岩源磷释放的动力学研究[J].环境科学学报,30(5):979-984
Wang Z,Zhang T Q,Tan C S,et al.2018.Modeling phosphorus losses from soils amended with cattle manures and chemical fertilizers[J].Science of the Total Environment,639:580-587
Wen F,Hou H,Yao N,et al.2013.Effects of simulated acid rain,EDTA,or their combination,on migration and chemical fraction distribution of extraneous metals in Ferrosol[J].Chemosphere,90(2):349-357
Williams J D H,Syers J K,Walker T W.1967.Fractionation of Soil Inorganic Phosphate by a Modification of Chang and Jackson′s Procedure 1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,31(6):736-739
Yi L,Xiaolan Y,Hongbing C,et al.2010.Chemical characteristics of precipitation at three Chinese regional background stations from 2006 to 2007[J].Atmospheric Research,96(1):173-183
Yu X,Zou Y,Jiang M,et al.2011.Response of soil constituents to freeze-thaw cycles in wetland soil solution[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,43(6):1308-1320
张健,郑西来,董慧,等.2012.河口表层沉积物中磷酸盐释放的动力学特征[J].海洋地质前沿,28(3):1-6
张田,卜美东,耿维.2012.中国畜禽粪便污染现状及产沼气潜力[J].生态学杂志,31(5):1241-1249
中华人民共和国国家统计局.2016.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社
朱建春,张增强,樊志民,等.2014.中国畜禽粪便的能源潜力与氮磷耕地负荷及总量控制[J].农业环境科学学报,33(3):435-445
朱宁,马骥,秦富.2011.我国蛋鸡粪处理现状与对策研究[C].北京:中国农业出版社
Edwards L M.1991.The effect of alternate freezing and thawing on aggregate stability and aggregate size distribution of some prince-edward-island soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,42(2):193-204
Feng X,Nielsen L L,Simpson M J.2007.Responses of soil organic matter and microorganisms to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,39(8):2027-2037
高敏,李艳霞,张雪莲,等.2016.冻融过程对土壤物理化学及生物学性质的影响研究及展望[J].农业环境科学学报,35(12):2269-2274
Grogan P,Michelsen A,Ambus P,et al.2004.Freeze-thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,36(4):641-654
Hahn C,Prasuhn V,Stamm C,et al.2012.Phosphorus losses in runoff from manured grassland of different soil P status at two rainfall intensities[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,153:65-74
Hinman W C.1970.Effects of freezing and thawing on some chemical properties of 3 soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,50(2):179
Hinsinger P.2001.Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes:A review[J].Plant and Soil,237(2):173-195
晋锐.2016.中国长时间序列地表冻融状态数据集[J].遥感技术与应用,31(4):820-826
Li G,Li H,Leffelaar P A,et al.2014.Characterization of phosphorus in animal manures collected from three (dairy,swine,and broiler) farms in China[J].Plos One,9(e1026987)
李垒,孟庆义.2013.冻融作用对土壤磷素迁移转化影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,22(6):1074-1078
Liang Y,Cao X,Zhao L,et al.2014.Phosphorus release from dairy manure,the manure-derived biochar,and their amended soil:effects of phosphorus nature and soil property[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,43(4):1504-1509
林源,马骥,秦富.2012.中国畜禽粪便资源结构分布及发展展望[J].中国农学通报,28(32):1-5
Ma B,Zhou Z Y,Zhang C P,et al.2009.Inorganic phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of xerophytic shrubs in the Alxa Desert[J].Journal of Arid Environments,73(1):55-61
Mohanty S K,Saiers J E,Ryan J N.2014.Colloid-facilitated mobilization of metals by freeze-thaw cycles[J].Environmental Science & Technology,48(2):977-984
Oztas T,Fayetorbay F.2003.Effect of freezing and thawing processes on soil aggregate stability[J].Catena,52(1):1-8
Peters K,Hjorth M,Jensen L S,et al.2011.Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus distribution in particle size-fractionated separated pig and cattle slurry[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,40(1):224-232
Popovic O,Jensen L S.2012.Storage temperature affects distribution of carbon,VFA,ammonia,phosphorus,copper and zinc in raw pig slurry and its separated liquid fraction[J].Water Research,46(12):3849-3858
Qian T,Zhang X,Hu J,et al.2013.Effects of environmental conditions on the release of phosphorus from biochar[J].Chemosphere,93(9):2069-2075
Ran Y,Li X,Cheng G,et al.2012.Distribution of permafrost in China:an overview of existing permafrost maps[J].Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,23(4):322-333
Shariatmadari H,Shirvani M,Jafari A.2006.Phosphorus release kinetics and availability in calcareous soils of selected and and semiarid toposequences[J].Geoderma,132(3/4):261-272
Sharpley A,Moyer B.2000.Phosphorus forms in manure and compost and their release during simulated rainfall [J].Journal of Environmental Quality,29(6):2053
宋阳,于晓菲,邹元春,等.2016.冻融作用对土壤碳、氮、磷循环的影响[J].土壤与作物,5(2):78-90
Tomer M D,Moorman T B,Kovar J L,et al.2016.Eleven years of runoff and phosphorus losses from two fields with and without manure application,Iowa,USA[J].Agricultural Water Management,168:104-111
Wang E,Cruse R M,Chen X,et al.2012.Effects of moisture condition and freeze/thaw cycles on surface soil aggregate size distribution and stability[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,92(3SI):529-536
汪家权,沈燕华,马玉萍.2010.巢湖流域岩源磷释放的动力学研究[J].环境科学学报,30(5):979-984
Wang Z,Zhang T Q,Tan C S,et al.2018.Modeling phosphorus losses from soils amended with cattle manures and chemical fertilizers[J].Science of the Total Environment,639:580-587
Wen F,Hou H,Yao N,et al.2013.Effects of simulated acid rain,EDTA,or their combination,on migration and chemical fraction distribution of extraneous metals in Ferrosol[J].Chemosphere,90(2):349-357
Williams J D H,Syers J K,Walker T W.1967.Fractionation of Soil Inorganic Phosphate by a Modification of Chang and Jackson′s Procedure 1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,31(6):736-739
Yi L,Xiaolan Y,Hongbing C,et al.2010.Chemical characteristics of precipitation at three Chinese regional background stations from 2006 to 2007[J].Atmospheric Research,96(1):173-183
Yu X,Zou Y,Jiang M,et al.2011.Response of soil constituents to freeze-thaw cycles in wetland soil solution[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,43(6):1308-1320
张健,郑西来,董慧,等.2012.河口表层沉积物中磷酸盐释放的动力学特征[J].海洋地质前沿,28(3):1-6
张田,卜美东,耿维.2012.中国畜禽粪便污染现状及产沼气潜力[J].生态学杂志,31(5):1241-1249
中华人民共和国国家统计局.2016.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社
朱建春,张增强,樊志民,等.2014.中国畜禽粪便的能源潜力与氮磷耕地负荷及总量控制[J].农业环境科学学报,33(3):435-445
朱宁,马骥,秦富.2011.我国蛋鸡粪处理现状与对策研究[C].北京:中国农业出版社