不同育苗容器对2年生杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗生长的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同类型及不同规格育苗容器对杜鹃红山茶2年生嫁接苗生长的影响,以V(黄心土)与V(泥炭土)为1:1作为栽培基质,采用随机区组设计,比较18种不同容积、不同材质、不同形状和不同排水类型育苗容器栽培杜鹃红山茶苗高、冠幅、接穗直径、叶绿素含量变化的影响。结果表明:26月生杜鹃红山茶不同容器间苗高没有显著差异,冠幅存在显著差异;34月生接穗和砧木直径生长变化差异小,苗高的增长主要来源于接穗高生长,成活率、苗高和冠幅生长存在显著差异,但冠幅差异缩小;34月生杜鹃红山茶成活率88.89%以上,平均苗高64.99 cm,平均冠幅45.88 cm,苗高和冠幅平均生长量分别为9.57 cm和13.36 cm,综合生长量Wi在8.34～13.95 cm,平均为11.47 cm;36月生不同容器间叶绿素含量存在显著差异,综合生长最优的容器是以底部和侧1排排水,四方体或六方体,木料和硬塑料的容器。经综合评选,改制的底部和侧1排排水的多棱盆1和六角盆1,自制的四角木箱为苗圃生产用的优良栽培容器。
To explore the effects of different types and different specifications of seedling containers on the growth of 2-year-old grafted seedlings of Camellia azalea. Using 50% yellow soil + 50% peat soil as the cultivation substrate and randomized block design as experiment strategies, we compare the variation of C. azalea seedlings in the height, crown width, scion growth and chlorophyll content under different materials, shapes, volumes and drainage types of different seedling containers. The results showed that there was no significant difference in seedling height of 26-month-old C. azalea between different containers, while significant difference was found in crown width. Small difference was found in diameter of scion and rootstock of 34-month-old C. azalea seedlings.The growth of seedling height was mainly due to the high growth of scion. There was a significant difference in the seedling height,survival rate, and crown width, but the difference in crown width was reduced. The survival rate,average seedling height and average crown width of 34-month-old C. azalea seedlings was above 88.89%,64.99 cm and 45.88 cm, while the average net growth of seedling height and the average crown net growth were9.57 cm and 13.36 cm respectively. The net growth value(Wi) of seedling height and crown width was between8.34-13.95 cm, with the average of Wi 11.47 cm. Significant difference in the chlorophyll content was found between different containers in 36-month-old C. azalea seedlings. The optimal container for C. azalea seedlings was drainage at the bottom and side with square or hexagonal in shape and wood or hard plastic in material. After comprehensive evaluation, the modified bottom and side rows of drained Multi-edge Basin 1, Hexagonal Basin 1,the self-made four-corner wooden case are excellent cultivation containers for nursery production.
To explore the effects of different types and different specifications of seedling containers on the growth of 2-year-old grafted seedlings of Camellia azalea. Using 50% yellow soil + 50% peat soil as the cultivation substrate and randomized block design as experiment strategies, we compare the variation of C. azalea seedlings in the height, crown width, scion growth and chlorophyll content under different materials, shapes, volumes and drainage types of different seedling containers. The results showed that there was no significant difference in seedling height of 26-month-old C. azalea between different containers, while significant difference was found in crown width. Small difference was found in diameter of scion and rootstock of 34-month-old C. azalea seedlings.The growth of seedling height was mainly due to the high growth of scion. There was a significant difference in the seedling height,survival rate, and crown width, but the difference in crown width was reduced. The survival rate,average seedling height and average crown width of 34-month-old C. azalea seedlings was above 88.89%,64.99 cm and 45.88 cm, while the average net growth of seedling height and the average crown net growth were9.57 cm and 13.36 cm respectively. The net growth value(Wi) of seedling height and crown width was between8.34-13.95 cm, with the average of Wi 11.47 cm. Significant difference in the chlorophyll content was found between different containers in 36-month-old C. azalea seedlings. The optimal container for C. azalea seedlings was drainage at the bottom and side with square or hexagonal in shape and wood or hard plastic in material. After comprehensive evaluation, the modified bottom and side rows of drained Multi-edge Basin 1, Hexagonal Basin 1,the self-made four-corner wooden case are excellent cultivation containers for nursery production.
引文
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[35]李利江.不同容器类型和规格对容器苗生长的影响[J].河北林业科技,2008,36(6):18-20.
[36]许启德.我国园林容器育苗的容器应用进展[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,26(8):115-117.
[37]乔文艳,刘家迅,崔洪霞,等.栽培容器规格对常绿杜鹃'Catawbiense Bour-sault'幼苗生长的影响[J].园艺学报,2009,36(S):2064.
[2]戚连忠,汪传佳.林木容器育苗研究综述[J].林业科技开发,2004,18(4):10-13.
[3]谭绍满,钟绍威,刘如鸿.华南地区的容器育苗[J].广东林业科技,1991,7(2):17-22.
[4]叶创兴.山茶属一新种[J].广东省植物学会会刊,1985(1):3.
[5]叶创兴.山茶属一新种[J].广东省植物学会会刊,1986(3):25.
[6]卫兆芬.中国山茶属一新种[J].植物研究,1986,6(4):141-143.
[7]张宏达.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998,49(3):87.
[8]罗晓莹,庄雪影.杜鹃红山茶保护生物学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015:40.
[9]黄万坚,刘信凯,高继银.杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)生物学特性及园林应用价值[J].中国植物园学术年会会刊,2008(1):81-87.
[10]IUCN.IUCN red list categories and criteria:version3.1[M].Switzerland and Cambridge:IUCN Gland,2001:1-100.
[11]高继银,Pakrs C R,杜跃强.山茶属植物主要原种彩色图集[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2005:34-35.
[12]张方秋,李小川,潘文,等.广东生态景观树种栽培技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012:142-145.
[13]严丹峰,李建光,许宇山,等.杜鹃红山茶花粉活力与柱头可授性研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(2):71-73.
[14]游慕贤.浙江金华展开杜鹃红山茶育种[J].中国花卉园艺,2006,6(15):31.
[15]李天菲,林田,徐碧玉,等.杜鹃红山茶花粉萌发力及贮藏耐性的研究[J].生物技术通报,2008,20(S):239-243.
[16]罗晓莹,庄雪影.杜鹃红山茶种子与幼苗生物学初步研究[J].种子,2012,31(12):51-53.
[17]刘就,陈考科,林喜珀,等.杜鹃红山茶的栽培技术[J].中国热带林业,2007,4(1):61-62.
[18]蔡静如,庄雪影,杨跃生,等.杜鹃红山茶离体快速繁殖[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(9):1469-1473.
[19]陈泽雄,黄登艳.杜鹃红山茶离体快繁的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(21):5348-5350.
[20]张燕,梁坤参.杜鹃红山茶扦插繁育试验[J].广东林业科技,2003,19(3):64-65.
[21]王有兵,徐斌,张方秋,等.不同基质对杜鹃红山茶扦插生根的影响[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(2):54-58.
[22]黎运枢,崔统华,郑文经,等.杜鹃红山茶嫁接繁殖试验[J].广东林业科技,2004,20(3):37-38,49.
[23]吴晓静,邓石婷,谭杨帆.杜鹃红山茶嫁接砧木选择比较试验[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(14):120-121.
[24]卢国志,刘选明.杜鹃红山茶嫁接繁育[J].中国花卉园艺,2012,12(18):33-35.
[25]邓石婷,林喜珀,吴晓静,等.油茶大砧高接换种杜鹃红山茶技术[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(1):96-98.
[26]李先民,蒋月喜,李春牛,等.杜鹃红山茶无土栽培基质的筛选[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(20):147-151.
[27]殷爱华,赵鸿杰,陈香.无土栽培基质对3种四季茶花容器苗生长的影响[J].广西林业科学,2005,44(3):300-303.
[28]薛克娜,赵鸿杰,张学平,等.不同基质对杜鹃红山茶容器苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(1):27-31.
[29]薛克娜,陈香,田雪琴,等.不同施肥处理方式对盆栽杜鹃红山茶苗木生长的影响[J].中国城市林业,2010,8(6):57-59.
[30]Rteam R,Team R D C,Team R,et al.R:a language and environment for statistical computing[J].Computing,2014,14:12-21.
[31]Zar J H.Biostatbtical Amalysis[M].4th ed.Prentice Hall:The World’s Leading Education Publisher,1999:562-565.
[32]朱报著,杨会肖,潘文,等.农林废弃物基质对杜鹃红山茶苗期生长的影响[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(6):34-43.
[33]王春春.簕杜鹃栽培方式优化及其对干旱胁迫的响应[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017:19-29.
[34]王琰,刘勇,李国雷,等.容器类型及规格对油松容器苗底部渗灌耗水规律及苗木生长的影响[J].林业科学,2016,52(6):10-17.
[35]李利江.不同容器类型和规格对容器苗生长的影响[J].河北林业科技,2008,36(6):18-20.
[36]许启德.我国园林容器育苗的容器应用进展[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,26(8):115-117.
[37]乔文艳,刘家迅,崔洪霞,等.栽培容器规格对常绿杜鹃'Catawbiense Bour-sault'幼苗生长的影响[J].园艺学报,2009,36(S):2064.