柴达木盆地马海盐湖的盐壳特征及其地质意义
|
摘要
通过实测地质剖面、遥感影像解译及物质成分分析,依据马海盐湖环状盐壳特征与成因,将马海盐湖盐壳分为Ⅲ型盐壳、Ⅱ型盐壳、Ⅰ型盐壳3种类型,盐壳高度分别为>30cm、10～30cm、<10cm。盐壳地表物质以石盐为主,碎屑矿物主要为石英。环形盐壳的形态受湖心、湖心岛及湖岸地形所控制,是盐壳形成过程中的年、季韵律构造线;遥感影像上的色调深浅变化取决于卤水层埋深、盐壳含沙量及地表粗糙度的变化。环状盐壳构成了马海盐湖独特的微地貌景观,希望可为研究其他地区的盐湖古气候及演化提供信息。
Mahai Salt Lake is located in the northwest margin of Qaidam basin,in Qinghai Province.In the paper,the authors tried to analyse the salt crust of Maihai salt lake through the measured geological profile,material composition analysis,remote sensing image interpretation.Then,the salt crust of Mahai salt lake is divided into three kinds:Type Ⅲ,Type Ⅱ,Type Ⅰ.Respectively,height of threesalt crustsare >30cm,10～30cm,<10cm.In the region of "Ring-shape Salt Crust",material composition is mainly constituted of choride,especiallyhalite.Quartz is the main componentin crumb minerals.The shape of "Ring-shape Salt Crust" is controlled by original island landform in lake center area and lake shore.From the remote sensing image,we could find the closed circle-shaped "helixes",is yearly or seasonal rhythm tectonic trace-marks.The different color is caused by the change of depth of brine layer,sandy content,and roughness of ground surface.These salt crusts are growing outwards from centresto outsides,creating a number of old to young rings,an inherent geomorphology to Mahai salt lake.
Mahai Salt Lake is located in the northwest margin of Qaidam basin,in Qinghai Province.In the paper,the authors tried to analyse the salt crust of Maihai salt lake through the measured geological profile,material composition analysis,remote sensing image interpretation.Then,the salt crust of Mahai salt lake is divided into three kinds:Type Ⅲ,Type Ⅱ,Type Ⅰ.Respectively,height of threesalt crustsare >30cm,10～30cm,<10cm.In the region of "Ring-shape Salt Crust",material composition is mainly constituted of choride,especiallyhalite.Quartz is the main componentin crumb minerals.The shape of "Ring-shape Salt Crust" is controlled by original island landform in lake center area and lake shore.From the remote sensing image,we could find the closed circle-shaped "helixes",is yearly or seasonal rhythm tectonic trace-marks.The different color is caused by the change of depth of brine layer,sandy content,and roughness of ground surface.These salt crusts are growing outwards from centresto outsides,creating a number of old to young rings,an inherent geomorphology to Mahai salt lake.
引文
1郑绵平,齐文.我国盐湖资源及其开发利用[J].矿产保护与利用,2006(5):45~50
2印象初,印红,周可新,等.高原盐湖盐藻和卤虫资源的开发和利用[J].盐湖研究,2002,9(1):4~8
3严军,黄小良.青海省盐湖钾、镁、锂盐资源开发利用探讨[J].盐湖研究,2002,10(4):63~69
4胡东生,张华京,李炳元,等.青藏高原腹地32kaB.P.以来的古气候变化[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2001,24(3):85~93
5 Bond G,Showers W,Cheseby M,et al.A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in north Atlantic Holocene and glacial climates[J].Science,1997,278(5341):1257~1285
6 Bianchi G G,McCave I N.Holocene periodicity in north Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland[J].Nature,1999,397(6719):515~517
7 McDermott F,Mattey D P,Hawkesworth C,et al.Centennial-scale Holocene climate variability revealed by a high-resolution speleothemδ18 O record from SW Ireland[J].Science,2001,294(5545):1328~1331.
8 Noren A J,Bierman P R,Steig E J,et al.Millennial-scale storminess variability in the northeastern United States during the Holocene[J].Nature,2002,419(6909):821~824
9 Ericksen,G.E.,Chong G,Vila T.Lithium resources of Salars in the Central Andes[J].U.S.Geol.Survey,Prof.Paper,1976,1005,66~74
10宋彭生,李武,孙柏,等.盐湖资源开发利用进展[J].无机化学学报,2011,27(5):801~815
11边红利,王楠,赵仲鹤,等.国外盐湖综合利用进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2014,35(2):69~73
12宋彭生,李武,孙柏.新世纪南美盐湖资源的开发利用[J].盐湖研究,2011,19(2):43~58
13梁青生.新疆乌尊布拉克东部干盐湖成盐环境和成盐年代的初步研究[J].盐湖研究,1999,7(2):1~5
14春喜,王宗礼,夏敦胜,等.吉兰泰盐湖的形成及指示的环境意义[J].盐湖研究,2008,16(3):12~18
15刘振敏,杨更生.察尔汗盐湖盐壳类型及形成条件[J].化工矿产地质,1997,19(2):105~108
16赵元杰,夏训诚,王富葆,等.新疆罗布泊环状盐壳的特征与成因[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6):779~783
17袁瑞强,程芳琴.我国盐湖资源综合利用的探讨[J].盐湖研究,2008,16(1):67~72
18冷湖镇志编纂委员会.冷湖镇志[M].西安:三秦出版社,2003
19汤良杰,金之钧,张明利.柴达木盆地构造古地理分析[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):421~429
20陆松年,王惠初,李怀坤,等.柴达木盆地北缘“达肯大坂群”的再厘定[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):19~23
21魏新俊,姜继学,王弭力.马海钾矿第四纪沉积特征及盐湖演化[J].青海地质,1992,1:40~52
22许浩,赵全升,丁光发,等.罗布泊盐湖罗北区卤水主要离子平面分布特征[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(1):15~19
2印象初,印红,周可新,等.高原盐湖盐藻和卤虫资源的开发和利用[J].盐湖研究,2002,9(1):4~8
3严军,黄小良.青海省盐湖钾、镁、锂盐资源开发利用探讨[J].盐湖研究,2002,10(4):63~69
4胡东生,张华京,李炳元,等.青藏高原腹地32kaB.P.以来的古气候变化[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2001,24(3):85~93
5 Bond G,Showers W,Cheseby M,et al.A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in north Atlantic Holocene and glacial climates[J].Science,1997,278(5341):1257~1285
6 Bianchi G G,McCave I N.Holocene periodicity in north Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland[J].Nature,1999,397(6719):515~517
7 McDermott F,Mattey D P,Hawkesworth C,et al.Centennial-scale Holocene climate variability revealed by a high-resolution speleothemδ18 O record from SW Ireland[J].Science,2001,294(5545):1328~1331.
8 Noren A J,Bierman P R,Steig E J,et al.Millennial-scale storminess variability in the northeastern United States during the Holocene[J].Nature,2002,419(6909):821~824
9 Ericksen,G.E.,Chong G,Vila T.Lithium resources of Salars in the Central Andes[J].U.S.Geol.Survey,Prof.Paper,1976,1005,66~74
10宋彭生,李武,孙柏,等.盐湖资源开发利用进展[J].无机化学学报,2011,27(5):801~815
11边红利,王楠,赵仲鹤,等.国外盐湖综合利用进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2014,35(2):69~73
12宋彭生,李武,孙柏.新世纪南美盐湖资源的开发利用[J].盐湖研究,2011,19(2):43~58
13梁青生.新疆乌尊布拉克东部干盐湖成盐环境和成盐年代的初步研究[J].盐湖研究,1999,7(2):1~5
14春喜,王宗礼,夏敦胜,等.吉兰泰盐湖的形成及指示的环境意义[J].盐湖研究,2008,16(3):12~18
15刘振敏,杨更生.察尔汗盐湖盐壳类型及形成条件[J].化工矿产地质,1997,19(2):105~108
16赵元杰,夏训诚,王富葆,等.新疆罗布泊环状盐壳的特征与成因[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6):779~783
17袁瑞强,程芳琴.我国盐湖资源综合利用的探讨[J].盐湖研究,2008,16(1):67~72
18冷湖镇志编纂委员会.冷湖镇志[M].西安:三秦出版社,2003
19汤良杰,金之钧,张明利.柴达木盆地构造古地理分析[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):421~429
20陆松年,王惠初,李怀坤,等.柴达木盆地北缘“达肯大坂群”的再厘定[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):19~23
21魏新俊,姜继学,王弭力.马海钾矿第四纪沉积特征及盐湖演化[J].青海地质,1992,1:40~52
22许浩,赵全升,丁光发,等.罗布泊盐湖罗北区卤水主要离子平面分布特征[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(1):15~19